Carefully go over my comments and edits (tracked changes) for your previous project assignments. At this point, most of you should have received my feedback for your proposal and participants subsect

Running head: IMPACT OF STRESS

H OW STRESS RELATES TO SLEEPING DISORDER AND INCREASED SMOKING STATU S

Abstract

People undergo through stressful situations in their lives which can be resulted by frustration to achieve the set goals or for other reasons. This can be presented through various reactions that one might perceive to be abnormal. Lack of sufficient sleep is one of the resultant conditions of the stress which affects ones everyday activities hence limiting their ability to meet the set goals. Lack of sleep might affect the individual but then adopting other behaviours such as smoking is also common which highly affects the individual’s health. Because of this, it is important for the health and research department to look into the issue so that to come up with appropriate ways of preventing the major outcomes. To gather enough data on the relationship between stress and lack of sleep together with smoking, an online demographic questionnaire shall be used.

Keywords: Stress, frustration, change of behaviour

H ow stress relates to sleeping disorders and smoking habits

N ormal people have set goals that they intend to achieve in their lives while other face problematic situations that highly results to stressful situations in their lives. The heath care department is working on ways of controlling smoking as it is a major cause of poor health to those affected. This research aims to examine the relationships among stress, smoking status, and sleeping disturbances. (Salameh, et al. 2019)

Psychological stress is a major risk factor that results to cigarette smoking. People who undergo through stressful situations tend to look for a way of controlling the stress. One of the main ways through which they use to control their emotions is through abusing drugs that will help in stimulating their nerves (Koyanagi, et al. 2017 ). Nicotine is a major drug that is used for withdrawing stress to an individual hence helping them to cope with a situation that affects them.

The body requires enough time to rest after one completes their daily activities. However, the relaxing in most cases is initiated by the relaxation state of the brain. When one is being faced by a stressful situation, it is difficult for the brain to relax hence resulting to lack of sleep. This affects other human activities as one requires the sleep so that to be at a position to think through allocated responsibilities.

The study aims at looking into how stress results to sleeping disorders and how one’s smoking status is affected. The research hypothesizes that stressful conditions results to increased sleeping disorders and also increases the level of one’s smoking status.

Research hypothesis: Stressful conditions result to increased sleeping disorder and smoking status.

Method

Participants

A survey link will be sent to participants who will take part in the survey but are not going to share their details such as names for the purpose of ethical standards.

Measure s

When it comes to assessing the levels of stress, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale will be applied to test the presented samples. All the items presented in the scale shall be given a rating of 0 to 3 so that to check the level of the stressful situation.

Demographic questionnaire

The demographic questionnaire will contain the needed items that the participant will be expected to fill. However, it is important to note that the questionnaire shall contain easily understandable questions for the participants.

Data Analysis

ANOVA will be an important tool when examining the results that will be given by the participants. (Liu & Wang, 2021). This will indicate how smoking can be related to sleeping disorder and high smoking status.

R eference s

Hallit, S., Haddad, C., Hallit, R., Al Karaki, G., Malaeb, D., Sacre, H., ... & Salameh, P. (2019). Validation of selected sleeping disorders related scales in Arabic among the Lebanese population. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 17 (2), 183-189.

Stubbs, B., Veronese, N., Vancampfort, D., Prina, A. M., Lin, P. Y., Tseng, P. T., ... & Koyanagi, A. (2017). Perceived stress and smoking across 41 countries: A global perspective across Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-8.

Liu, Q., & Wang, L. (2021). t-Test and ANOVA for data with ceiling and/or floor effects. Behavior Research Methods, 53(1), 264-277.