Please help me out with the questions in the file that I attached below. Thanks.

Problem Set 0 3 EEMB 157: Cell Physiology 1. On the axes below sketch the relationship between the rate of reactio n for an enzyme following Michae lis - Menton kinetics and its substrate concentration . Define Vmax, ½ V max and Km in words, and then indicate where each is on your graph. Look up and include the equation that explains this relationship ( hint: pp.104 - 106 ) 2. We often are unable to determine the Vmax directly. Instead, we can plot the inverses of reaction rate and substrate concentration and use the Michaelis - Menten equation ( Hint: review at fig 3 - 27 in your textbook). For each of the following scenarios draw two types of graphs: v vs. [S] and 1/ v vs. 1/[s] . \ a. Draw your graphs with two lines representing two different enzymes. One with a high substrate affinity and one with a low substrate affinity. Keep V max constant for the two enzymes. b. Now d raw both graphs for two different enzyme : o ne has a high V max , the other has a lower V max . Keep K m constant for the two enzyme c. In your own words, describe the differences between the enzymes in scenarios ( 3a ) and ( 3b ). How do the enzymes in each scenario differ in terms of substrate affinity and their maximum reaction rates ? d. Do enzymes with a low K M necessarily have slower turnover time? Explain your answer and use an example from the scenarios in 3a or 3b. Problem Set 0 3 EEMB 157: Cell Physiology 3. Regulation! a. Describe 3 common ways cells can regulate the activity of proteins. 4. For one of these three modes of protein activity from question 3 , research and describe a specific example of a protein regulated in this way and describe: a. what does the protein do ? b. Which of the 3 modes describes how this protein’s activity is regulated? c. What physical changes or interactions are involved in the regul ation ? d. W hich form of the protein is the active form ? e. How is this regulation beneficial to the cell ? (Be sure your answer is specific in pinpointing why unregulated activity would be unfavorable and how regulation solves this problem for the cell.) 5. a. Identify the correct labels for the numbers in figure at right to explain the evolution of cellular life and the central dogma (e.g. what molecules in the central dogma are numbers 1, 2 and 3?). Beings with the origins of life in cell on top cell and prog ress to through modern cell at bottom. (Hint: look at the RNA world hypothesis) ORIGIN OF LIFE MODERN DAY CELL b. What is the RNA world hypothesis? Provide one piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis Problem Set 0 3 EEMB 157: Cell Physiology 6. a. For the following features of transcription and translation, place an X next to the domains of life that have these features. b. Compare and contrast the process of transcription initiation across the three domains. Discuss the molecular function of sigma factors and TFIIB/TFIID, these molecule(s)? Why is this function important to the organism? What are the key similarities and differences? Bacteria Archaea Eukaryotes Sigma factors TATA Binding Proteins TFIIB and TFIID 3 types of RNA Polymerase mRNA polyA tail Operons & polycistronic mRNAs ribosomes