4-2 Final Project Milestone Two: Public Health Issue Analysis The Public Health Issue selected for my final project is Tobacco (Cigarette) Smoking.
P:E 500 Final Project Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric Outcomes MPH Foundational Competencies (CEPH) Upon successful completion of Milestone Two, you will be able to: Discuss the means by which structural bias, social inequities , and racism undermine health and create challenges to achieving health equity at organizational, community , and societal levels [CEPH.06 ] MPH Foundational Public Health Knowledge (FKO) Upon successful completion of Milestone Two, you will be able to: Discuss the science of primary, secondary , and tertiary prevention in population health, including health promotion, screening, etc. [FKO.05 ] Explain behavioral and psychological factors that affect a popu lation’s health [FKO.09 ] Explain the social, political , and economic determinants of health and how they contribute to population health and health inequities [FKO.10 ] Overview Milestone Two: Public Health Issue Analysis For Milestone Two, you will expand on your previous work by analyzing the public health issue. More specifically, you will deconstruct the issue by analyzing its components —its evolution/historical underpinnings, its priority population or targeted community, its strategies and methods, an d its relevant stakeholders. This milestone is graded with the Final Project Milestone Two Rubric and is due at the end of Module Four. Prompt The following critical elements must be addressed . (Note: S ection numbering is consistent with the final project prompt .) II. Public Health Issue Analysis a) Provide a historical public health perspective about your issue, expanding on the introduction. ( Approximately 1.5 pages) Elaborate on the public health issue’s evolution from Milestone One by examining the evidence or data from your three publications. Since each source should have a different publication year, each publication illustrates an understanding of the issue with r espect to a particular period in time. Compare these sources and summarize the similarities and differences. Provide examples, as needed. b) Analyze the population/community through the lens of W:O’s conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. (Approximately 4 pages.) This section is the core focus for Milestone Two. Please access and review the World :ealth Organization’s conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health (CSDH) by going to the World :ealth Organization’ s Social Determinants of Health Publications webpage and downloading d iscussion paper 2. Chapter 5 (pages 20 –48) contains the CSDH. For the health intervention and its related public health issue, please address all of the following areas within your analy sis. CSDH Element 1 – Socioeconomic and Political Contexts: The first element of CSD: constructs the socioeconomic and political contexts related to a health issue and related public health efforts by using six dimensions. Considering the definitio ns for each dimension of CSD: (Section 5.4 in the W:O resource link above), please explain how each dimension relates to the public health issue and its population/community. You do not need to spend time summarizing the definition for each dimension in yo ur analysis. To be clear, summarize the contexts for the following dimensions: o Governance (Explain context in 1 to 3 sentences.) o Macroeconomic Policy (Explain context in 1 to 3 sentences.) o Social Policies (Explain context in 1 to 3 sentences.) o Public Poli cies (Explain context in 1 to 3 sentences.) o Cultural and Societal Values (Explain context in 1 to 3 sentences.) o Epidemiologic Conditions (Explain context in 1 to 3 sentences.) CSDH Element 2 – Structural Determinants and Socioeconomic Position: Structural determinants generate social stratification and divisions in society and define individual socioeconomic position within hierarchies of wealth, prestige, and power. They are embedded in key institutions and processes of the socioeconomic and political cont ext. Examples include income, education, occupation, social class, gender , and race. Please analyze the structural determinants by addressing the following: o Analyzing the Socioeconomic Position: Begin this part by examining socioeconomic position as it relates to the public health issue (and population/community). The role of social stratification . Specifically, explain how wealth (i.e., economic situation), prestige (i.e., status situation), or power (i.e., parties —political, agenda -centered, etc.) may connect to the public health issue/intervention and the population/community. Explain how social differentiation (through wealth, prestige, or power) may affect health outcomes. (Note : This approach to social stratification is called the three -component theory of stratification by Max Weber , if you need to search the library for more information.) o Analyzing the Structural Determinants: Begin this part by reviewing the concept of structural determinants within the CSD:. Provide examples of how the health intervention may have targeted these determinants by making connections with the general public health strategies/initiatives and the targeted population or community. Please conclude this part by discussing how structural determinants relate to the cross -cutting determinants of social capital and social cohesion. Provide evidence to support your claims. CSDH Element 3 – Intermediary Determinants: =ntermediary determinants are factors that directly shape individual health choices and outcomes and through w hich structural determinants operate. They span material circumstances , psychosocial circumstances , and behavioral and biological factors —and these determinants have a relationship with the society ’s health system . Examples include the nearby shop that sel ls cigarettes and alcohol, tensions among local leaders in a slum community, or the nonfunctioning rural health center that lacks essential medicines and health personnel. To address the intermediary determinants, summarize the relations hip between the hea lth issue/intervention (and community/population) and the following: [P:E -500 -02] o Material Circumstances (2 to 4 sentences) o Behavioral and Biological Factors (2 to 4 sentences) o Psychosocial Circumstances (2 to 4 sentences) o Health System (2 to 4 sentences) Connections With Health Equality o Study the public health issue by review ing peer -reviewed literature (via the library) or by using public health data tools. o Summarize the priority pop ulation or community, using the following : Describe the health disparity or disparit ies common to the population or community. Explain why these disparities could make these factors health inequities. Support your responses with evidence. Describe the health determinants : What are the health determinants that may relate to th ese health disparities/inequities? Please include evidence to support your claims. o Proximal and distal deter minants: Discuss the proximal (downstream ) or distal (upstream ) determinants related to the health intervention’s priority population or community. Identify any determinants that cannot be de fined as proximal or distal (i.e., midstream ) and ensure to add an explanation . o Modifiable and non -modifiable determinants: Discuss the modifiable (e.g., exposure to hazard, access to healthcare) or nonmodifiable (e.g., age, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity) determinants related to the health intervention’s priority population or community. (Source: Bay Area Regional :ealth =nequities =nitiative (BAR :==) Conceptual Framework, 2006) A text -only version of this image is availabled in Module Four of your course. c) Analyze the issue’s challenges to achieving health equity at all levels. (Approximately 2.5 pages) Summarize the health inequities from the previous section . Challenges with achieving health equity : Analyze the factors that may create challenges to achieving health equity (such as structural bias, social inequities, and racism). Explain how these factors undermine the health status of the community or population. Social ecological model and health equity: Analyze the challenges to achieving health equity at the following levels of the social ecological mode l: societal, community, and organizational levels. (Source: Bay Area Regional :ealth =nequities =nitiative (BAR:==) Conceptual Framework, 2006 ) A text -only version of this image is available in Module Four of your course. ○ Throughout this section, please explain how these behavioral and psychological factors may affect a population ’s health status. Analyze publ ic health theories related to the issue. (Approximately 1 page) o Summarize two public health theories (e.g., health behavior theories; communication theories; and even public health models, frameworks, approaches, etc. ) that have been used to inform public health strategies for this issue. (Note: The intervention may not specify the exact theory used. =n t his instance, you will need to work backwards from the information provided to align with a common public health theory. ) o Conclude this section by explaining the importance of evidence in advancing public health knowledge. o Be sure to substantiate your claims with examples and evidence. Analyze stakeholder contributions . (Approximately 1 page) o Looking ahead : Use the Stakeholder Analysis Matrix (due in the Final Project submission and located in Module Four of your course ) to organize your thoughts for this section. o Summarize your res ponses to the following: Identify contributions that have been made by public health agencies, positions, or roles regarding your selected public health issue. Identify the primary, secondary, and key stakeholders —at least one for each stakeholder type. Resource Quality and Quantity Source Quantity Publication Year Quality Sources Need Assistance? Expected minimum quantity of scholarly sources used conforms to the following ratio: 1 source/page Therefore, a 6 -page submission should have at least six scholarly sources. This is a minimum . You are encouraged to utilize more sources, as needed. =nformation tends to lose its usability over time. This is why physicians do not use sources from the 1980s for valid :=V treatment information. Sources without a publication year automatically prevent you from understanding their validity. Avoid “n.d. ” sources Preferred: The most recent publications Acceptable: Publications within the past 5 years Possible: Publications within the past 10 years Only Historical Use : Publications older than 10 years Scholarly sources are those sources of information that provide optimal validity and reliability of content. These sources are the following: Credible (from trained experts) Authoritative (from industry entities) Use the library to find peer -reviewed publications (e.g., refereed journals). =f you do not know what “peer -reviewed ” means, meet with one of SN:U ’s librarians for assistance. SN:U ’s Shapiro Library also has other resources (e.g., handouts, FAQs) that can help you procure high -quality sources of information. Guidelines for Submission: Milestone Two should follow these formatting guidelines: 7.5 to 8 pages in length, double spaced, 12 -point Times New Roman font, and one -inch margins. Please use seventh edition APA s tyle for formatting your Final Project Milestone Two paper (APA -style title page, reference list, in -text citations, etc.). For the body of your paper, it is recommended that you use different heading levels to connote specific sec tions and su bsections. You may review the Final Project Suggested :eadings Outline (located in Module Four of your course) for informational purposes. O nce you have submitted this milestone for grading, post it to the Milestone Two Review discussion topic for your peers to review in the next module. Final Project Milestone Two Rubric Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (90%) Needs Improvement (70%) Not Evident (0%) Value Issue Analysis: Historical Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates keen insight into the historical significance of the public health issue Provides a historical public health perspective about the issue by comparing evidence or data from three sources from different time periods and summarizes their similarities and differences Provides a historical public health perspective about the issue by comparing evidence or data from three sources from diff erent time periods and summarizes their similarities and differences, but the data/evidence or the comparison is incomplete or contains inaccuracies Does not provide a historical public health perspective about the issue by comparing evidence or data from three sources from three different time periods or summariz ing their similarities and differences 5 Issue Analysis: CSDH Element 1 Governance Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates an exceptional understanding of the relationship between governance and the public health issue and its community Explains how governance relates to the public health issue and its population/community Explains how governance relates to the public health issue and its population/community, but the explanation is incomplet e or contains inaccuracies Does not explain how governance relates to the public health issue and its population/community 5 Issue Analysis: CSDH Element 1 Macroeconomic Policy Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates an exceptional understanding of the relationship between macroeconomic policy and the public health issue and its community Explains how macroeconomic policy relates to the public health issue and its population/community Explains how macroeconomic policy relates to the public health issue and its population/community, but the explanation is incomplete or contains inaccuracies Does not explain how macroeconomic policy relates to the public health issue and its population/community 5 Issue Analysis: CSDH Element 1 Social Policies Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates an exceptional understanding of the relationship between social policies and the public health issue and its community Explains how social policies relate to the public health issue and its population/community Explai ns how social policies relate to the public health issue and its population/community, but the explanation is incomplete or contains inaccuracies Does not explain how social policies relate to the public health issue and its population/community 5 Issue Analysis: CSDH Element 1 Public Policies Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates an exceptional understanding of the relationship between public policy and the public health issue and its community Explains how public policies relate to the public health issue and its population/community Explains how public policies relate to the public health issue and its population/community, but the explanation is incomplete or contains inaccuracies Does not explain how public policies relate to the public heal th issue and its population/community 5 Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (90%) Needs Improvement (70%) Not Evident (0%) Value Issue Analysis: CSDH Element 1 Cultural and Societal Values Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates an exceptional understanding of the relationship between cultural and societal values and the public health issue and its community Explains how cultural and societal values relate to the public health issue and its population/community Explains how cultural and societal values relate to the public health issue and its population/community, but the explanation i s incomplete or contains inaccuracies Does not explain how cultural and societal values relate to the public health issue and its population/community 5 Issue Analysis: CSDH Element 1 Epidemiologic Conditions Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates an exceptional understanding of the relationship between epidemiological conditions and the public health issue and its community Explains how epidemiologic conditions relate to the public health issue and its population/community Explains how epidemiologic conditions relate to the public health issue and its population/community, but the explanation is incomplete or contains inaccuracies Does not explain how epidemiologic conditions relate to the public health issue and its population/community 5 Issue Analysis: CSDH Element 2 Socioeconomic Position Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates an exceptional understanding of the relationship between socioeconomic position and the public health issue and its community Explains how wealth, prestige, or power may connect to the public health issue/intervention and population/community and how social differentiation may affect health outcomes Explains how wealth, prestige, or power may connect to the public health issue/in tervention and population/community and how social differentiation may affect health outcomes, but the explanation is incomplete or contains inaccuracies Does not explain how wealth, prestige, or power may connect to the public health issue/intervention an d population/community or how social differentiation may affect health outcomes 5 Issue Analysis: CSDH Element 2 Structural Determinants Meets “Proficient ” criteria and provides exceptional examples or evidence describing the relationship between the health intervention, structural determinants, and social and capital cohesion Provides examples of how the health intervention may have targeted structural determinants, discusses how structural determinants relate to social capital and social cohesion, an d provides evidence to support claims Provides examples of how the health intervention may have targeted structural determinants, discusses how structural determinants relate to social capital and social cohesion, and provides evidence to support claims, b ut the response is incomplete, contains inaccuracies, or the evidence is insufficient Does not provide examples of how the health intervention may have targeted structural determinants, discuss how structural determinants relate to social capital and socia l cohesion, or provide evidence to support claims 5 Issue Analysis: CSDH Element 3 Material Circumstances Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates keen insight into the relationship between the intervention and the community/population material circumstances Summarizes the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and mat erial circumstances Summarizes the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and material circumstances, but the summary is incomplete or contains inaccuracies Does not summarize the relationship between the health issue/i ntervention and community/population and material circumstances 5 Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (90%) Needs Improvement (70%) Not Evident (0%) Value Issue Analysis: CSDH Element 3 Behavioral and Biological Factors Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates keen insight into the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and behavioral and biological factors Summarizes the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and behavioral and biological factors Summarizes the relationship between the health issue/intervention an d community/population and behavioral and biological factors, but the summary is incomplete or contains inaccuracies Does not summarize the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and behavioral and biological factors 5 Issue Analysis: CSDH Element 3 Psychosocial Circumstances Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates keen insight into the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and psychosocial factors Summarizes the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and psychosocial factors Summarizes the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and psychosocial factors, but the summary is incomplete or contains inaccurac ies Does not summarize the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and psychosocial factors 5 Issue Analysis: CSDH Element 3 Health System Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates keen insight into the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and the health system Summarizes the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and the health system Summarizes the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and the health system, but the summary is incomplete or contains inaccuracies Does not summarize the relationship between the health issue/intervention and community/population and the health system 5 Issue Anal ysis: Population: Health D isparity Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates keen insight into the health disparity or disparities and their impact on health equity Describes the health disparity or disparities , explains why these disparities could be health inequities, and supports responses with evidence Describes the health disparity or disparities , explains why these disparities could be health inequities, and supports responses with evidence, but responses or evidence are cursory or irrelevant or contain inaccuracies Does not describe the health disparity or disparities , explain why these disparities could be health inequities, or support responses with evidence 5 Issue Analysis: Population: Health Determinants Meets “Proficient ” criteria and offers a nuanced analysis of health determinants Discusses the proximal, distal, modifiable, and non -modifiable health determinants, explains whether there are determinants that cannot be defined as proximal or distal, and s upports claims with evidence Discusses proximal, distal, modifiable, and non -modifiable health determinants and explains whether there are determinants that cannot be defined as proximal or distal, but response contains inaccuracies or evidence is insuffic ient to support claims Does not discuss proximal, distal, modifiable, and non -modifiable health determinants, explain whether there are determinants that cannot be defined as proximal or distal, or support claims with evidence 5 Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (90%) Needs Improvement (70%) Not Evident (0%) Value Issue Analysis:Equity Cha llenges Meets “Proficient ” criteria and offers nuanced insight into how challenges to achieving health equity undermine the population ’s health status Summarizes health inequities, analyzes factors that create challenges to achieving health equity, and explains how they undermine the community ’s/population ’s health status Summarizes health inequities, analyzes factors that create challenges to achieving health equity, and explains how they undermine the community ’s/population ’s health status, but the sum mary is incomplete or contains inaccuracies Does not summarize health inequities, analyze factors that create challenges to achieving health equity, or explain how they undermine the community ’s/population ’s health status 5 Issue Analysis:
Equity Social Ecological Model Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates keen insight into the challenges of achieving health equity at all levels of the social ecological model Analyzes the challenges to achieving health equity at the societal, community, and organizational levels of the social ecological model and explains how these behavioral and psychological factors may affect a population ’s health status Analyzes the challen ges to achieving health equity at the societal, community, and organizational levels of the social ecological model and explains how these behavioral and psychological factors may affect a population ’s health status, but the analysis or explanation is curs ory or inaccurate Does not analyze the challenges to achieving health equity at the societal, community, and organizational levels of the social ecological model or explain how these behavioral and psychological factors may affect a population ’s health sta tus 5 Issue Analysis: Theories Meets “Proficient ” criteria and demonstrates keen insight into the appropriate application of theory to practice Summarizes two public health theories used to inform public health strategies for this issue, explains the importance of evidence in advancing public health knowledge, and substantiates claims with examples and evidence Summarizes two public health theories used to inform public health strategies for this issue, explains the importance of evidence in advancing public health knowledge, and substantiates claims with examples and evidence, but response is cursory or contains inaccuracies or examples/evidence are insufficient Does not summarize two public health theories used to inform public health strategies for this issue, explain the critical importance of evidence in advancing public health knowledge, or substantiate claims with examples and evidence 5 Issue Analysis:
Stakeholder Contributions Meets “Proficient ” criteria and offers nuanced insight into the relationship between public health agencies, positions, and roles and the delivery of public health services =dentifies contributions by public health agencies, positions, or roles regarding the selected public health issue, and identifies at least one of each stakeholder type (primary, secondary, and key stakeholder) =dentifies contributions by public health agencies, positions, or roles regarding the selected public health issue, and identi fies at least one of each stakeholder type (primary, secondary, and key stakeholder) , but response is cursory or contains inaccuracies Does not identify contributions by public health agencies, positions, or roles regarding t he selected public health issue or identify at least one of each stakeholder type (primary, secondary, and key stakeholder) 5 Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (90%) Needs Improvement (70%) Not Evident (0%) Value Articulation of Response Submission is free of errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, and organization and is presented in a professional and easy -to-read format Submission has no major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization Submission has major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that negatively impact readability and articula tion of main ideas Submission has critical errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that prevent understanding of ideas 5 Total 100%
