4-2 Final Project Milestone Two: Public Health Issue Analysis The Public Health Issue selected for my final project is Tobacco (Cigarette) Smoking.

PHE 500 BARHII Conceptual Framework Text Version Title of graphic: Achieving Health and Mental Health Equity at Every Level Source of graphic: Bay Area Regional Health Inequities Initiative (BARHII) Conceptual Framework, 2006. California Department of Public Health, Office of Health Equity, as inspired by World Health Organization, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and many others The social ecological model illustrates how society, environment, communities , and people can collectively transform the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age to promote optimal health, mental health, and well -being. When a society’s principles and policies work to optimize these interrelated social determinants of health on the basis of justice and equity for everyone, health is created at the levels of the individual, the community, the environment, and society at large :  Prevention  Mental Health Services  Culturally/Linguisticall y Appropriate and Competent Services  Income Security  Housing  Neighborhood Safety/Collective Efficacy  Environmental Quality  Health Care  Child Development, Education, and Literacy Rates  Food Security/Nutrition  Built Environments  Discrimination/Minority Services When any combination of these drivers is lacking, significant health inequities and disparities in health outcomes can occur.