Read the article critique attached below as AKINarticle and then answer the multiple choice questions attached below as AkinRAC1 and AkinRAC2. I need help to find the answers to the multiple-choice qu
1. What sampling method or plan was used by the authors in this study?
Simple random sampling
Convenience sampling
Cluster sampling
Network sampling
2. According to Grove & Gray (2019), what are the potential biases of convenience sampling?
This is a strong probability sampling method with very little potential for bias.
This method is used when an ordered list of all members of the population are available, and provides a random but not equal chance for inclusion in the study.
This method provides little opportunity to control for bias because subjects are included in the study merely because they happen to be in the right place at the right time.
This method is specific to the individuals who were recruited and the information gained cannot be generalized to others who don't share these types of experiences.
3. What was the final sample size reported by the authors for this study?
187
160
87
57
44
4. Was a power analysis conducted? If so, which statement best describes the results of the power analysis?
A power analysis showed that the ideal sample size was 160
A power analysis showed that the ideal sample size was 80
A post hoc power analysis showed that the power achieved in the study was 0.99
No power analysis was reported by the authors
5. Which of these statements would be considered to be specific inclusion criterion for the sample in the research article?
Cervical dilation was between 4-8 centimeters
Had a caesarean section
Able to read and write English
Between 20 and 40 years of age
6. Which of these statements would be considered to be exclusion criterion specifically identified by the author for the sample in the research article?
Cervical dilation was between 4-8 centimeters
Had a caesarean section
Able to read and write English
Between 20 and 40 years of age
7. What is the acceptance rate for this study? (Hint: see page 232 in your text)
160/187
87/187
57/187
Cannot be calculated
8. Which of the following would be accurate for the attrition rate for this study?
160/187
87/187
57/187
28/187
9. What was the setting for this research study? Briefly describe the setting and indicate whether it was appropriate for conducting this study.
The setting for this study was a partially controlled setting and was appropriate for this study's research design.
The setting for this study was a natural or field setting and was appropriate for this study's research design.
The setting for this study was a highly controlled setting and was appropriate for this study's research design.
The setting for this study was not well described by the authors and therefore not appropriate for conducting this study.
10. Which ones of these questionnaires, scales, or physiologic measures are used in this research study?
(Select all that apply.)
Apgar score
Childbirth Self Efficacy Scale
Visual Analogue Pain score
Oxygen saturation value
Complications of Childbirth Survey score
11. What was the operational definition for the variable Satisfaction with the Baby?
Apgar score
A subscore of the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale
Visual Analogue score
Cannot be determined
12. What steps did the authors take to assure treatment fidelity?
Participants were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups
Participants and their spouses/partners were trained in labor dance during prenatal teaching
All research personnel were trained in labor dance using training videos
No steps were taken to assure treatment fidelity
13. What types of questionnaires or surveys were used in this research study?
(Select all that apply.)
The authors developed the Mackey Childbirth Rating Scale
The authors developed their own questions to ask about demographic information.
Interviews were reportedly used, but the authors do not explain what was included in them.
The authors used previously developed questionnaires or surveys.
This study did not use any questionnaires or surveys.
14. Were any physiological measurements collected from the subjects for the purpose of this study?
Yes
No
15. Which of the following best describes the data collection process used in this study?
(Select all that apply.)
Participants were contacted by phone by nurse researcher.
Participants were given the questionnaires on enrollment in the study
Questionnaires / surveys were mailed to the prospective returned in a self-addressed stamped envelope.
Data was collected by the researcher during labor
Participants were recruited from the pool of pregnant patients admitted to the hospital during a specific period
16. Based on the study's data collection methods, If there were more than one data collector, would an estimation of inter-rater reliability be an important concept for the authors to report on for this study?
yes, and the authors reported their efforts to achieve inter-rater reliability.
yes, but the authors do not discuss any efforts to achieve inter-rater reliability.
no, the issue of inter-rater reliability does not apply here.
17. What descriptive statistics are used in this study?
(Select all that apply.)
mean
median
frequencies
standard deviation
z-scores
percentage distributions
18. What inferential statistics were used to examine the data obtained from the subjects?
(Select all that apply.)
Pearson correlations
Factor Analysis
t-Test
Kruskal-Wallis
Chi-Square
ANCOVA
ANOVA
Multiple linear regression equations
None of the above inferential statistics were used in this study.
19. What is the level of significance (alpha) set at for this study?
.01 or 1%
.05 or 5%
.10 or 10%
an alpha level or level of significance chosen by the authors was not specifically mentioned in the text of the article and cannot be inferred.
20. There are several statistically significant findings in this study. Which of these statements from the article would be considered a significant and predicted results?
(Select all that apply.)
Newborns’ first minute oxygen saturation levels were 89 in the experimental groups and 88 in the control group
The median first minute Apgar score was found to be 9 in DPSG, DPMG, and CG.
The median fifth minute Apgar score was found to be 10 in DPSG, 9 in DPMG, and 8 in CG.
All groups were found to be similar in number of pregnancies, week of pregnancy, cervical dilatation at the time of hospitalization, and the duration of the active phase
21. Which of these statements from the article would be considered a non-significant result?
The median total labor dance durations were 48 and 56 minutes in DPSG and DPMG, respectively.
Newborns’ first minute oxygen saturation levels were 89 in the experimental groups (DPSG, DPMG) and 88 in the control group.
The median fifth minute Apgar score was found to be 10 in DPSG, 9 in DPMG, and 8 in CG.
The fifth minute oxygen saturation levels were 99 in the experimental groups and 94 in the control group.
22. Which one of these statements from the article would be considered clinically important?
The fifth minute oxygen saturation levels were 99 in the experimental groups and 94 in the control group.
The median total labor dance durations were 48 and 56 minutes in DPSG and DPMG, respectively.
All groups were found to be similar in number of pregnancies, week of pregnancy, and cervical dilatation at the time of hospitalization.
Abdolahian et al. (2014) reported a VAS score of 6.89 in the experimental groups and 8.29 in the control group.
23. Which of the following statements are strengths of the study? (Select all that apply.)
The sample was randomly selected.
The groups were randomly assigned.
The study was highly powered.
Oxygen saturation results in this study agreed with those obtained in previous studies.
24. Which one of these statements would be considered a statement regarding generalization of these results?
This study was conducted in a mother-friendly hospital that allows spouses to be in the delivery room.
The satisfaction status of women who received care under the leadership of midwives was found to be high compared to the women in other groups.
Findings obtained in this study also reveal that labor dance renders positive effects not only on newborn babies but also on women giving birth.
These study results are compatible with the literature.
25. Which one of these statements from the article would be considered a recommendation for future studies?
These study results are compatible with the literature.
It is suggested to conduct dance practices in a wider sampling with other attendants a pregnant women would ask for.
This study was conducted in a mother-friendly hospital that allows spouses to be in the delivery room.
The results of this study demonstrated that labor dance positively affected labor pain, birth satisfaction, and neonatal results.
