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[ILLUSTRA TION OMITTED]

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bond. Acco Uding Wo Glen Mo Ugan, Whe di Uec Wo U of Whe Uemake, Bill \ belie Ye V Wha W lo Ye i V e [ S Ue V Ved

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[ILLUSTRA TION OMITTED]

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alone in Whe ho X Ve Zi Wh Bill \ . Thi V film lea Ye V i W V a Xdience T Xe V Wioning Whe legi Wimac \ of Who Ve Wha W ha Ye

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he can S Uedic W hi V beha Yio X U . La X Uie figh W V Michael and e Vca Se V him Ve Ye Ual Wime V, S Uo Ying he U V W Ueng Wh

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main Wain V Whe V Wa W X V T Xo, ado S Wing a le V V Uadical Soli Wical V Wance Wha W i V analogo X V Wo a mo Ue

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[ILLUSTRA TION OMITTED]

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mean W Wo align Whe a Xdience Zi Wh Whe kille U , i W en V X Ue V Whe kille U Uemain V enigma Wic beca X Ve he i V ne Ye U

Veen (9). Bob Cla Uk did in Yen W a hi V Wo U \ fo U Bill \ , b X W i W i V onl \ ambig Xo X Vl \ all Xded Wo in hi V Shone call V.

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dif fe Uence be W Zeen Whe o Uiginal Black Ch Ui V Wma V and i W V Ame Uican Uemake i V Wha W Bill \' V hi V Wo U \ i V a

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Ye U Vion lef W o Sen. The Uemake doe V no W hide Bill \' V bod \; he Ue Ze Vee Bill \- Whe-m X Ude Ue U , a V Zell a V

Bill \- Whe-innocen W-child. W e Zi Wne V V hi V W Uan Vfo Uma Wion f Uom a hel Sle V V infan W Wo a de V W U Xc Wi Ye

S V \cho Sa Wh and a Ue in Yi Wed Wo belie Ye he i V a Yic Wim of ci Uc Xm V Wance. The ending of Whi V film i V al Vo

com Sle Wel \ Ue Vol Yed; bo Wh kille U V, Bill \ and Agne V, a Ue Xnambig Xo X Vl \ dead, and Whe Final Gi Ul, Kelli, i V

defini Wel \ Vafe. In con W Ua V W Zi Wh Whe Canadian Ye U Vion, he Ue Whe Yie Ze U i V Uea V V X Ued b \ Whe Xl Wima We

V Xcce V V of Whe S Uo Wagoni V W and b \ an Xnde U V Wandable Yillain Zho V Xf fe U V an a S S Uo S Uia We fa We.

The main V W Ueam Holl \ Zood Vla Vhe U film Za V in V Si Ued b \ Whe V Xcce V V of Whe inde Senden Wl \- S Uod Xced

Hallo Zeen, Zhich in W X Un Za V infl Xenced b \ Whe Xnde U-ackno Zledged Canadian film Black Ch Ui V Wma V.

Thi V mean V Wha W Black Ch Ui V Wma V i V a W lea V W Sa U Wiall \ Ue V Son Vible fo U in V Wiga Wing Whe Vla Vhe U gen Ue, a Sa U W

of cinema Wha W i V V Will a majo U Sa U W of Holl \ Zood film. Ame Uican cinema X Ve V Black Ch Ui V Wma V' V

con Yen Wion V Wo Ueflec W i W Velf in a Za \ Wha W doe V no W di V Wo U W Whe Ve con Yen Wion V. If an Ame Uican Ven Vibili W \

can be Ueflec Wed X Ving Whe gene Uic S Uo Wo W \ Se of fe Ued b \ a Canadian film, When Whe con Yen Wion V

e V Wabli Vhed in one na Wional cinema can ea Vil \ W Uan Vfe U Wo ano Whe U; Whe Ve con Yen Wion V a Ue no W inhe Uen Wl \

na Wionali V Wic.

Jim Leach a Ug Xe V again V W X Ving gen Ue film V in a na Wional cinema beca X Ve Whe \ a Ue Woo clo Vel \

a V Vocia Wed Zi Wh Holl \ Zood (10). He Va \ V Wo be W U Xl \ Canadian, a film m X V W Uejec W Whe hegemon \ of

Holl \ Zood Wh Uo Xgh di Uec W a Yoidance o U V Xb Ye U Vion of gene Uic con Yen Wion V, en V X Uing Wha W Whe Yie Ze U

doe V no W Uead a Canadian film a V a Sale imi Wa Wion of an Ame Uican S Uod Xc W (1 1). Black Ch Ui V Wma V

challenge V Whi V a V V Xm S Wion beca X Ve Whe con Yen Wion V of Whe Ame Uican Vla Vhe U began Zi Wh a Canadian

film; Whi V film did no W a V Vimila We Wo an Ame Uican W Uadi Wion beca X Ve Wha W W Uadi Wion had no W \e W been

e V Wabli Vhed. If a Vla Vhe U film S Uod Xced befo Ue 1978 i V no W Ued Xcing i W Velf Wo Ame Uican cinema, When a

Canadian Vla Vhe U S Uod Xced af We U 1978 i V no W a V Vimila Wing Wo an Ame Uican W Uadi Wion ei Whe U; Zhen deciding

if a film i V "Canadian" o U no W, Whe \ea U i W Za V S Uod Xced Vho Xldn' W ma W We U .

D Xe Wo Whe S Uoblema Wic o Uigin V of Whe Vla Vhe U , a Canadian film like P Uom Nigh W (1980) can be Veen in W Zo

dif fe Uen W Za \ V; ei Whe U i W i V ca Vhing in on Whe Ame Uican V Xcce V V of a film like Hallo Zeen, o U i W i V Ueclaiming

Sa U W of Canada' V cinema Wic he Ui Wage. Thi V Sa U Wic Xla U film Ue Yeal V Whe ince V W Xo X V na W X Ue of No U Wh

Ame Uican So S Xla U c Xl W X Ue. I W i V a Canadian film Uelea Ved Vho U Wl \ af We U Hallo Zeen, fea W X Uing Whe V Wa U of

Hallo Zeen, Jamie Lee C X U Wi V, and i W V Holl \ Zood Uemake came o X W in 2008. In Whi V Vi W Xa Wion i W i V dif fic Xl W

Wo de We Umine Zhich na Wional cinema i V a S S Uo S Uia Wing Zha W. Gen Ue film V a Ue in W Uin Vicall \ de Ui Ya Wi Ye and

Ue Se Wi Wi Ye (12) Vo i W make V Ven Ve Wha W Whe infl Xence be W Zeen Canadian and Ame Uican Vla Vhe U V co Xld

Zo Uk bo Wh Za \ V. Tha W a Vmall Canadian S Uod Xc Wion led Wo an end X Uing film gen Ue mean V Canadian

cinema i V no W com Sle Wel \ So Ze Ule V V Zhen i W come V Wo Holl \ Zood, and Canadian cinema doe V no W ha Ye

Wo imi Wa We Ame Uican film Wo be V Xcce V Vf Xl.

A W fi U V W glance Black Ch Ui V Wma V i V no W e [ Slici Wl \ Canadian. I W i V di Uec Wed b \ an Ame Uican, and i W V Ve W Wing i V

S X U So Vef Xll \ ambig Xo X V, loo Vel \ de We Umined b \ a Uandom Ame Uican flag in Whe backg Uo Xnd of one o U

W Zo Vcene V. While Ue S Ue Ven Wing Canada i V no W Whi V film' V S Uima U \ objec Wi Ye, i W doe V comm Xnica We a

Canadian Ven Vibili W \ and i W connec W V Zi Wh Canadian a Xdience V. In con W Ua V W Wo Ame Uican Vla Vhe U V, Black

Ch Ui V Wma V i V Vociall \ S Uog Ue V Vi Ye and c Ui Wical of Vocie W \' V dominan W fo Uce V. Thi V film X Ved Whe Ue Vo X Uce V

a Yailable Wo Whe Canadian film ind X V W U \ Wo c Uea We a cinema Wic in V Wi W X Wion. Holl \ Zood T Xickl \ inco U So Ua Wed

Black Ch Ui V Wma V' V Xni T Xe inno Ya Wion V in Wo i W V o Zn na Wional cinema, and Zhile Whe Ve Vla Vhe U V a Ue mo Ue

Zidel \ ackno Zledged, Whe Ue i V no Whing inhe Uen Wl \ Ame Uican abo X W Whe Vla Vhe U o U i W V con Yen Wion V. Thi V i V

clea Ul \ Veen in Whe dif fe Uence V be W Zeen Black Ch Ui V Wma V, i W V Ame Uican con Wem So Ua U \ Hallo Zeen, and i W V

mode Un Ame Uican Uemake. The Ve Wh Uee film V a Ue all fi Uml \ loca Wed in Whe Vla Vhe U gen Ue, b X W Whe \ V Seak

Wo Whe conce Un V of dif fe Uen W na Wional a Xdience V. Black Ch Ui V Wma V Vho Z V Wha W Canadian film doe V no W j X V W

e [i V W on Whe ma Ugin V of main V W Ueam cinema, and gen Ue film V do no W ha Ye Wo be of f-limi W V Wo a filmmake U

Zho Zi Vhe V Wo e [ S Ue V V a V Secificall \ Canadian iden Wi W \ .

NOTES

(1) W o Uland, Rick. "A Sho U W Hi V Wo U \ of Whe Ho U Uo U Film: 1945 Wo Whe P Ue Ven W." The Ho U Uo U Film: An

In W Uod Xc Wion. O [fo Ud, UK: Black Zell P Xbli Vhing, 2007. 104-105. 11/24/2020 Black Ch Ui V Wma V: Whe Vla Vhe U lm Za V made in Canada.

h W W S V:// Z Z Z . Whef Ueelib Ua U \ .com/_/ S Uin W/P Uin WA U Wicle.a V S [?id=248407241 5/5

(2) Clo Ye U , Ca Uol. "He U Bod \ , Him Velf." Men, W omen, and Chai Ui Va Z V: Gende U in Whe Mode Un Ho U Uo U

Film. P Uince Won: P Uince Won UP , 1992. 35.

(3) H X Wching V, Pe We U . "Sla Vhe U V and Po V W Sla Vhe U V." The Ho U Uo U Film. E V Ve [, UK: Pea U Von Ed Xca Wion,

2004. 193.

(4) "The 1 2 Da \ V of Black Ch Ui V Wma V." Black Ch Ui V Wma V (S Secial Edi Wion). Di U . Dan D Xf fin. Pe Uf. Oli Yia

H X V Ve \ , Ma Ugo W Kidde U , John Sa [on. 2006. DVD. Some U Yille Ho X Ve, 2006.

(5) Clo Ye U , "He U Bod \ , Him Velf," 39

(6) H X Wching V, "Sla Vhe U V," 193

(7) Ebe U Zien, Robe U W. "Remake V and C Xl W X Ual S W Xdie V." Pla \ i W Again, Sam: Re Wake V on Remake V.

And Ue Z Ho U Won and S W Xa U W V . McDo Xgal, ed V. Be Ukele \: U of Califo Unia P , 1998. 20.

(8) "Wha W Ha Ye Y o X Done? (The Remaking of Black Ch Ui V Wma V)." Black Ch Ui V Wma V (Un Ua Wed

Wicic Vc Ueen Edi Wion). Di U . J Xlie Ng. Pe Uf. Glen Mo Ugan, Bob Cla Uk, Ka Wie Ca V Vid \ . 2006. Dimen Vion

Film V, 2007.

(9) "The 12 Da \ V of Black Ch Ui V Wma V."

(10) Leach, Jim. "A Ue Gen Ue V Ame Uican?" Film in Canada. Don Mill V, ON: O [fo Ud Uni Ye U Vi W \ P Ue V V,

2006. 50.

(1 1) Ha U Ui V, Kenne Wh Ma Uc. "Ame Uican Film Gen Ue V and Non-Ame Uican Film V: A Ca Ve S W Xd \ of U W X."

Cinema jo X Unal 29.2 (Win We U 1990): 36-59. JST OR 29 Ma Uch 2008 . 36.

(12) Leach, "A Ue Gen Ue V Ame Uican?"

Sa Ua Con V Wan Winea X i V a Uecen W g Uad Xa We of McGill Uni Ye U Vi W \ Zi Wh a deg Uee in C Xl W X Ual S W Xdie V. She

c X U Uen Wl \ li Ye V and Zo Uk V in V anco X Ye U .