Need to write 2 reflections (Reflection 4 and 5). I will attach the instructions as well as a set of finished work (that I have gathered from my friends). You have to go through the summaries of the

Reflection# 4: Bentham

Zorays Abdullah(R10046703)

Professor Antonio

In the writing utilitarianism is discussed by the perspective of Bentham who was known as the father of modern philosophy. In this passage Bentham talks about utility that what is utility, so he answers that by saying utility is a principle which approves or disapproves any other action if it is done to produce greater utility over disutility or would have produced smaller disutility over utility.

Utilitarianism can be divided into three segments i.e.: net value of utility depends upon the rightness of an action, secondly for the utilitarian naturally positive value is happiness and negative value is unhappiness, thirdly this view is egalitarian which means that level of happiness and unhappiness for everyone affected from that action determines the rightness and wrongness of the action. According to the utilitarian concept of Bentham, naturally a person has only two choices that is give pleasure or harm to other people; pleasure here does not only mean bodily pleasures they can be mental as well. This means that naturally people are tending to do good and avoid causing harm to others.

Bentham also provided us with the formula to measure the utility rather he created an algorithm to follow which tells us to do the right or to avoid the wrong thing. 1) to calculate who are the stakeholders, which means who are the people involved in the action;2) identify possible actions, it means that a person has only two choices that is to either do an action or not do it;3) calculate the happiness or unhappiness from each action;4) the last one, which is to net off the utilities calculated and make a decision!

Personally, I think that Bentham wisely gave a different view on utilitarianism by giving an edge to morality