Biopsychological Analysis of Schizophrenia In this assignment, please synthesize an overview of the major theories relating to the pathology of schizophrenia, as well as provide a detailed discussion

Annotated Bibliography: Schizophrenia

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November 29, 2021

Annotated Bibliography: Schizophrenia

Laursen, T.M., Nordentoft, M., & Mortensen P.B. (2016). Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2016; 10, 425-438.

This study gives a general introduction to schizophrenia. It defines schizophrenia as a mental disorder that is severe and chronic which affects almost 20 million people across the world. According to the study, schizophrenia is characterized by distortion in emotions, language, thinking, perception, behavior, and the sense of self. Some of the common experiences of persons having schizophrenia include hallucinations as well as delusions. Schizophrenia can jeopardize one's education and occupational performance because of the considerable disability associated with it. People exhibiting schizophrenia are likely to have 2 to 3 times more chances of dying early than the general majority. This is because of preventable physical illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, infections, and metabolic disease. This article provides vast information about schizophrenia, starting from its definition, signs and symptoms, and adverse effects on human beings. The article provides an overview of the disease and provides a broad scope of information about it.

Lora, A., Kohn, R., Levav, I., McBain, R., Morris, J., & Saxena, S. (2012). Service availability and utilization and treatment gap for schizophrenic disorders: a survey in 50 low- and middle-income countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 90(1), 47–54B. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.11.089284

This article by the World Health Organization provides complete information on the major causes of schizophrenia. According to the article, the research has not offered clear details on a single factor that causes the disease. The article only provides some of the thoughts that the disease is brought about by the interaction between genes and many environmental factors. Some psychosocial factors may also cause schizophrenia. The article is significant because it provides information that about 70% of individuals who have schizophrenia do not receive proper medication care and attention. About 90% of the population affected by schizophrenia comes from middle- or low-income countries. Inadequate mental treatment, as well as health services, is an important issue. People who have schizophrenia also do not seek medical care compared to the general population. This article will serve as a reference to highlight the disorder and the treatment gaps identified.

Correll, C. U., & Howes, O. D. (2021). Treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5). https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.my20096ah1c

This Journal talks about stigma and misconceptions surrounding schizophrenia. This stigma makes it very tough for individuals who exhibit this disorder to acquire help from reliable sources. They get afraid of that which others will say or think of them. The problem is that every person comes with their conclusion of the way schizophrenia looks. This article explains why many people by mistake believe that if individuals are diagnosed with schizophrenia, they appear to be more dangerous or are likely to commit crimes. This is not true. Because if someone had received a diagnosis of schizophrenia does not mean that they become dangerous or struggle with some personality disorder. This article will serve as a reference to highlight the disorder and the misconceptions surrounding schizophrenia.

D’Souza, H., & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2017). Neurodevelopmental disorders. Wiley

Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science, 8(1-2). e1398.

This article talks about the medication for schizophrenia. According to this article, the best practice in the treatment of schizophrenia is medication. This is not the only treatment method available, but it is good to put it under the treatment plan. The treatment that is used to treat schizophrenia is very important since it impacts a lot on the brain's dopamine neurotransmitter. This article enables us to understand the better treatment of schizophrenia to avoid future damages.

Kim, M. (2016). Understanding the etiology and treatment approaches of schizophrenia:

Theoretical perspectives and their critique. Open Journal of Psychiatry, 6(04), 253.

This article talks about therapy as far as schizophrenia is concerned. It describes two types of treatment which include family therapy as well as individual therapy. Individual therapy sessions are crucial in helping individuals with schizophrenia advance their skills, learn how to cope with stress and anxiety, and understand early signs and symptoms. Family therapy will also be the same. The article helps define various treatments needed in caring for schizophrenia patients.

Roccella, M., & Vetri, L. (2021). Embracing the complexity of neurodevelopmental disorders. https:// doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111385

This article discusses various responses given by the World Health Organization in response to schizophrenia. This is a matter of global concern which calls for the attention of the World Health Organization. WHO has a body called the Mental Health Gap Action Program (mhGAP), which came to be in 2008, employing evidence-based technical guidance to enlarge services in all the countries, especially in low and middle-income countries. It shows alternative approaches by inter-governmental organizations like World Health Organization in response to schizophrenia.

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