There are 30 multi-choice questions about a range of topics, such as education, psychology etc. Please answer them all correctly. Please read all the lecture materials, and all 3 articles/required rea

; .,The computer is an appropriate model, therefore, to illustrate the integrated 'components of the information processing model through which a parallel is drawn between the functional components of the computer and psychological / structures (Flavell 1985; Kail & Bisanz 1992; Lohman 1989 and 2000; McVee, · · · Dunsmore & Gavalek 2005). Flavell states that in this approach the human mind is conceived of as a complex cognitive system analogous in some ways to a digital computer. Like a computer, the system manipulates or processes information coming in from the environment or already stored within the system. It processes the information in a variety of ways:

encoding, recoding or decoding it; comparing or combining it with other information; storing it in memory or retrieving it from memory; bringing it into or out of focal attention or conscious awareness, and so on.

Computer simulation is also used by some information processing psychologists to model their view of how human information processing occurs. In artificial intelligence research, for example, the effectiveness with which elements of an artificial intelligence program captures elements of human information processing is evaluated. If the match is high, researchers argue that they have captured in a physical model what they theorised was occurring with human mental processing (Kail & Bisanz 1992; Schank & Towle 2000). • , - -- :--.--- B E NEF IT S O F I NF OR .-.

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n at ur al env iron :Vtn g le arn in g oc cu rs . me nts Whe re l . /5 e arn mg {, ource: B ase d on Ma ye r 1996) Each of the components of a computer has a specific function to perform, and if any one component is faulty the computer will be functioning less than optimally. Indeed, if a major fault is present in any component the computer will not be able to function at all. The ability of a computer to manipulate and process the input depends on the quality of the computer software program and the processing size of the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU for most microcomputers enables users to analyse large data sets with complex statistical methods, to use electronic mail, and to word process with only several dozen basic instructions.

In order to retain a permanent record of our work on the computer, we need to save the file. This file may be stored in a variety of forms (for example, hard disk, thumb drive and DVD) and the quantity that can be stored depends on the capacity of the disks, and these are getting larger by the day! It is essential to save and store the information in a retrievable form. Lots of us have had disastrous experiences such as a sudden electrical surge, a clumsy foot dislodging the power cord, the wrong cut-and-paste procedure or a system fault, only to see our hard work lost before we could make a permanent copy.

Finally, having successfully processed the material and stored it, we need to be able to retrieve the file for printing.

Some of us have had the unlucky experience of safely storing our work on a hard disk, only to forget the name of the file under which the material was stored. Of course, the material is useless unless it can be retrieved in some form.

The components of the human information processing system Forming perceptions As you can see, the computer is an integrated system, and if any one component is malfunctioning or inefficient the system will be less effective. The computer analogy is actually quite a neat model of one v iew of what happens conceptually when a person learns. In Figure 4.1 the computer components are shown paralleled with the components of the information processing model. The components of the human system in the diagram are also integrated, and must function effectively for the system as a whole to be effective.

Sensory receptors, working memory and long-term memory InFigure4.2 thecomponents of the human information processing system are presented and described. The sensory receptors (such as our eyes, ears, touch, smell and taste) are the senses through which we perceive stimuli. Depending on an individual's orientation, particular stimuli are selected for attention through the sensory register or CPU. The working memory is that part of the person's mind that processes information. Some researchers consider t11at the working Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)