Please help me out this ecology lab. Intro video: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NTUyhKIr1n5_tRUqemYBcExD3bVMaTZZ/view Treatment 1: https://drive.google.com/file/d/11uT_8bPLd3OUEZRnonF_kM-Qdfic4B_Y/

Lab 6: Fighting and Assessment of Dominance in House Crickets It is often possible to predict the outcome of fights among animals on the basis of certain individual characteristics such as size or past experience. In some situations, it may be adaptive for an individual to signal its fighting ability or to be able t o assess that of its opponent, if this results in avoiding fighting where injury may occur. In this lab, we will investigate two factors that can affect the outcome of disputes between crickets, size and asymmetry of value, in order to assess their relativ e importance in determining dominance status. In this lab exercise we will investigate two possible causes for winning aggressive encounters. One (asymmetry of value) involves history of past investment. The other (resource holding potential) involves on ly present differences between the contenders. In a series of experiments , we will manipulate the size of each opponent, as well as their historical association with a resource in order to determine which of the following hypotheses apply the most in deter mining dominance among male crickets. Asymmetry of Value Hypothesis: The winner of a dominance interaction is influenced by prior investment in the resource of interest – i.e. resource owners have invested time and energy in acquiring, examining and de fending the resource, and losing it would impose a greater future cost to the owner than the intruder (who can be seen as having nothing to lose). Resource Holding Potential (RHP) Hypothesis: Dominance is conferred by size or capability of winning an aggressive encounter, regardless of history. Getting to know cricket behavior You will observe interactions between house crickets to get an idea of which behaviors may be important in determining dominance among males. You should be able to see most o f the following behaviors in these videos: Antenna tap: Often occurs when males are “head to head”. Crickets are able to move their antennae and one may “tap” another. Pay attention to which cricket antenna taps first. Body raise: A distinct movement wher e a cricket lifts its body by flexing its legs (may be a full body raise or only a “rear” raise) Leg kick (1 or 2): A cricket kicks one or both of its hind legs, but does not jump, when another cricket passes or is positioned behind. Head butt: Occurs wh en two crickets meet head to head. One cricket strikes the other with its head. Chase: One cricket rapidly pursues another, fleeing cricket. Fleeing: One cricket flees from a pursuing cricket. Shudder: An attempt at singing, but no sound is produced when t he wings are moved. Sing: The familiar cricket “chirp” Crawl - over: One cricket crawls over the back of another. Go - around: One cricket makes an obvious path of avoidance by crawling around the individual confronting it. Can you get a feeling for which of these behaviors might be dominant, and which ones might be submissive? Data Collection: You will then watch a series of videos of experimental treatments 1 - 3. The resident crickets in treatment 1 (large owner) and tre atment 2 (small owner) have been in their containers for 24 hours. The intruder crickets in treatment 1 (small intruder), treatment 2 (large intruder), and treatment 3 (small and large intruder, no “owner”) were placed into the container right before the b eginning of each trial. It should be clear which crickets are “large” and “small” in each video, but note any other features that will help you distinguish the two individuals from one another. Are their antennae of equal length, or is one shorter than the other (which one?) ? Does each cricket have all of its legs? Are both spikes at the rear of the cricket equally long? If not, which one is larger? You should be able to tell all the crickets apart by a combination of all these characters. Each trial is 10 minutes long, and trial numbers should be clearly visible on the paper under each experimental tub. As you watch each video, record the start time and end time of each type of behavior for both the “large” and the “small” cricket, where ap plicable, and note whether the behavior was dominant or submissive. There is an excel file that you can use to help collect your data and perform your calculations. Treatment 1: There is a large owner (resident cricket who has been in its territory for 24 hours), and a small intruder. Observe and record their interactions. Interactions involve both giving and receiving, so be sure to pay attention to the behaviors received by each cricket as well. Treatment 2: Repeat the steps as in Treatment 1, but w ith a large intruder and small owner. Treatment 3: In this treatment, we remove the element of an asymmetry of value by adding two “intruders” to the same (previously unoccupied) container. Repeat observations as in Treatments 1 and 2. How do you thin k the results of this experiment will compare with those from Treatments 1 and 2?