Hello I have a Thesis and draft outline to complete. My chosen topic is '"Gender Dynamic". All Primary sources must be used and secondary sources are NOT allowed. The book is called "The American Yawp

American racism spread during the first decades after the American Revolution. Racial

prejudice exi sted for centuries, but the belief that African - descended peoples were inherently and

permanently inferior to Anglo - descended peoples developed sometime around the late eighteenth

century. Writings such as this piece from Thomas Jefferson fostered faulty s cientific reasoning to

justify laws that protected slavery and white supremacy.

The first difference which strikes us is that of color. Whether the black of the negro resides in the

reticular membrane between the skin and scarf - skin, or in the scarf - skin itself; whether it

proceeds from the color of the blood, the color of the bile, or from that of some other secretion,

the difference is fixed in nature, and is as real as if its seat and cause were better known to us.

And is this difference of no importan ce? Is it not the foundation of a greater or less share of

beauty in the two races? Are not the fine mixtures of red and white, the expressions of every

passion by greater or less suffusions of color in the one, preferable to that eternal monotony,

which r eigns in the countenances, that immoveable veil of black which covers all the emotions of

the other race? Add to these, flowing hair, a more elegant symmetry of form, their own judgment

in favor of the whites, declared by their preference of them, as unifo rmly as is the preference of

the orangutan for the black women over those of his own species. The circumstance of superior

beauty, is thought worthy attention in the propagation of our horses, dogs, and other domestic

animals; why not in that of man? Besid es those of color, figure, and hair, there are other physical

distinctions proving a difference of race. They have less hair on the face and body. They secrete

less by the kidneys, and more by the glands of the skin, which gives them a very strong and

disa greeable odor. This greater degree of transpiration renders them more tolerant of heat, and

less so of cold, than the whites. Perhaps too a difference of structure in the pulmonary apparatus,

which a late ingenious experimentalist has discovered to be the principal regulator of animal

heat, may have disabled them from extricating, in the act of inspiration, so much of that fluid

from the outer air, or obliged them in expiration, to part with more of it. They seem to require

less sleep. A black, after hard l abor through the day, will be induced by the slightest amusements

to sit up till midnight, or later, though knowing he must be out with the first dawn of the

morning. They are at least as brave, and more adventuresome. But this may perhaps proceed

from a w ant of forethought, which prevents their seeing a danger till it be present. When present,

they do not go through it with more coolness or steadiness than the whites. They are more ardent

after their female: but love seems with them to be more an eager des ire, than a tender delicate

mixture of sentiment and sensation. Their griefs are transient. Those numberless afflictions,

which render it doubtful whether heaven has given life to us in mercy or in wrath, are less felt,

and sooner forgotten with them. In g eneral, their existence appears to participate more of

sensation than reflection. To this must be ascribed their disposition to sleep when abstracted

from their diversions, and unemployed in labor. An animal whose body is at rest, and who does

not reflect, must be disposed to sleep of course. Comparing them by their faculties of memory,

reason, and imagination, it appears to me, that in memory they are equal to the whites; in reason

much inferior, as I think one could scarcely be found capable of tracing an d comprehending the

investigations of Euclid; and that in imagination they are dull, tasteless, and anomalous. It would

be unfair to follow them to Africa for this investigation. We will consider them here, on the same stage with the whites, and where the facts are not apocryphal on which a judgment is to be

formed. It will be right to make great allowances for the difference of condition, of education, of

conversation, of the sphere in which they move. Many millions of them have been brought to,

and born i n America. Most of them indeed have been confined to tillage, to their own homes, and

their own society: yet many have been so situated, that they might have availed themselves of the

conversation of their masters; many have been brought up to the handicra ft arts, and from that

circumstance have always been associated with the whites. Some have been liberally educated,

and all have lived in countries where the arts and sciences are cultivated to a considerable

degree, and have had before their eyes samples of the best works from abroad. The Indians, with

no advantages of this kind, will often carve figures on their pipes not destitute of design and

merit. They will crayon out an animal, a plant, or a country, so as to prove the existence of a

germ in their m inds which only wants cultivation. They astonish you with strokes of the most

sublime oratory; such as prove their reason and sentiment strong, their imagination glowing and

elevated. But never yet could I find that a black had uttered a thought above the level of plain

narration; never see even an elementary trait of painting or sculpture. In music they are more

generally gifted than the whites with accurate ears for tune and time, and they have been found

capable of imagining a small catch. Whether they w ill be equal to the composition of a more

extensive run of melody, or of complicated harmony, is yet to be proved. Misery is often the

parent of the most affecting touches in poetry. — Among the blacks is misery enough, God

knows, but no poetry. Love is th e peculiar oestrum of the poet. Their love is ardent, but it kindles

the senses only, not the imagination…

… I advance it therefore as a suspicion only, that the blacks, whether originally a distinct race, or

made distinct by time and circumstances, are in ferior to the whites in the endowments both of

body and mind. It is not against experience to suppose, that different species of the same genus,

or varieties of the same species, may possess different qualifications. Will not a lover of natural

history the n, one who views the gradations in all the races of animals with the eye of philosophy,

excuse an effort to keep those in the department of man as distinct as nature has formed them?

This unfortunate difference of color, and perhaps of faculty, is a powerf ul obstacle to the

emancipation of these people. Many of their advocates, while they wish to vindicate the liberty

of human nature, are anxious also to preserve its dignity and beauty. Some of these, embarrassed

by the question `What further is to be done with them?’ Join themselves in opposition with those

who are actuated by sordid avarice only. Among the Romans emancipation required but one

effort. The slave, when made free, might mix with, without staining the blood of his master. But

with us a second i s necessary, unknown to history. When freed, he is to be removed beyond the

reach of mixture.

Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia (Richmond: 1853), 149 - 152, 155.