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Full Title of the Integrative Review Student Name

HCM 440 - Healthcare Research & Evaluation

Southern New Hampshire University

XXXX, XX, 2021

Abstract

Aim.

Background.

Design and data sources.

Review method.

Results.

Conclusion.

Keywords: XXX

The abstract is the summary of the integrative including the statement of the problem with the aim statement, PICO, procedure for the integrative review, method of evaluation of results, research findings, and conclusions on one page. Do not use pronouns such as “I, my, we” are in this review. Do not include personal information. Write objectively in a scientific manner with a ‘neutral narrative voice’, refer to the Writing Tips for Healthcare Professional. Pages 2-4 for guidance. Do not use constructive words, example given” isn’t”.

Introduction

Background. The problem being addressed in this integrated review is

Introduce the topic of interest with supportive evidence and in-text citations. Discuss the significance of the problem. State the guiding question, which is the PICO in the correct format, In XXX (P), how does XXX interventions (IV) compared to XXX intervention (CV) affect XXX (O)? and identify and define the independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV). The IV is the intervention (I) and DV (O) is the outcome and why this is the focus of the review.

Aim. The aim of this integrative review is to conduct a review of the literature using a systematic approach for current research and synthesize six high level of evidence (LOE) research studies on XXX intervention compared to no XXX intervention or another intervention for adults with or children or adolescent with XXX to validate XXX program for XXX.

Literature Review

Design and Data Sources. Systematic literature searches from XX databases of these years XX for previously published peer-reviewed studies. Inclusions were XX. Exclusions were XX.

Which evidence-based databases were searched (these are the healthcare evidence-based databases – Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL)? Why were these databases chosen for the PICO searches? Assess the characteristics that make the chosen healthcare evidence-based databases the most reliable for integrative review. Give an overall of each database characteristics that was chosen. Reminder --- google, google scholar or the general library is NOT healthcare evidence-based databases and EBSCO is the host, not the database. State keywords and combinations used in the initial search and following searches. State MeSH terms used in the searches. Which were the most effective? Explain objectively why these keywords and combinations provided the most useful results.

Integrative Review Methodology

Review method. A five-stage integrative review method was used for this clinical intervention for a healthcare program. This method consisted of (a) problem formulation was developed using a guiding question PICO format, XXXX state PICO (b) searches of these evidence-based databases XXX state those databases by using the key words XXX and MeSH terms XXX , (c) evaluation of data, (d) data analysis and interpretation, and (e) presentation of results in Appendix A – Table 1 Evidence Table by the identification and evaluation of was used to review and synthesize current knowledge. (Adapted from Whittemore & Knafl 2005).

Include the search and focus the review (such less than 5 years, systematic reviews, meta- analysis, no books, blogs etc.)? How will these variables (IV and DV) help throughout this integrated review? How were the final six research articles determined? Be sure to include the process.

The evidence table is critical to receive methodology points in the rubric. The Table will address:

• What was each research study objective or purpose statement? If primary research (LOE II-IV), was the researchers bias or objective? If secondary research (e.g., systematic reviews and meta-analysis), was the analysis biased? What would the strengths of using secondary data evaluated in a systematic review with meta-analysis, LOE 1 or a narrative systematic review (LOE IV)? Evaluate by identifying the research design and methods in the journal articles, title, abstract and method sections and score the level of evidence (LOE) for validity on the hierarchy of evidence table.

• What methodology and sampling were used in each research article and furthermore, the statistical data analyses employed in each research article?

Analysis and Synthesis

Results. Using evidence-based medicine’s systematic process for conducting an integrative review, six peer reviewed research studies published in refereed journals were analyzed and synthesized on a proposed clinical intervention and furthermore, to use for the validation of healthcare program.

Research Methods.

Explains types of research methods used and discusses the appropriateness of methods.

Data Collection and Analysis.

Identifies data collection methods used and analyzes the types of statistical tests.

Gaps and Inconsistencies.

Identifies both the gaps and inconsistencies noted in the body of evidence (six research studies)

Synthesis of the findings. According to the analyzed and synthesis of these research studies, XXXX.

Review these videos an Integrative Literature Review.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo55TMNvCGY&t=300s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuWm40fBTUE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBC8kQfyfdE

On synthesis, review this video: Synthesis: Definition & Examples --- you must synthesize four findings of the six research studies.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLhkalJe7Zc&list=PLM7NbPzilFBcTEAK6pWKJLRtOq7vwfuQU&index=2

Compare and contrast using a “bird’s eye view” of the study findings and patterns and trends using the MEAD synthesis method.

Review this video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOG67LeEvfU&list=PLM7NbPzilFBcTEAK6pWKJLRtOq7vwfuQU&index=1

Be sure to include ONLY pertinent conclusions and statistical findings with in-text citations. DO NOT use long quotes. You might want to use the synthesize worksheet to identify those items ONLY, do not include that worksheet in this integrative review. Evaluate the six research journal articles for gaps and inconsistencies that exist and again, share an overview “bird’s eye look”. This is about three to four pages of the integrative review.

This need to be covered in the synthesis in the narrative:

• Compare and contrast the study findings with pertinent conclusions and statistical findings only.

• What patterns and trends exist in the research?

• What generalizations can be drawn from the research?

This is the place to add your materials from your module six paper along with synthesis.

Ethics

Comprehensively evaluate these research studies and consider how ethical concerns may have limited these clinical investigations. Assess each research study article for ethical concerns that may be present. Consider conflicts of interest between the researcher and the study sponsors, or the lack of an IRB approval for the study.

Conclusions

Strengths. What are the research studies’ strengths? Are there patterns in regard the strengths for the intervention evaluation?

Limitations. What are the studies’ limitations? Are these patterns of limitations such as research design, methods, and sampling?

Validity and reliabilities. Were the findings and conclusions reliable and valid, such as low LOE scores? Why or why not? Logically support the argument.

Implications. What are the clinical implications of this research on the intervention into the healthcare programming for a hospital or health center? How will it affect the implementation of the intervention in relation to the outcome?

References

Must be alphabetic order by the first author, do not number references. Use APA style, consider using journal option of Citefast located at: https://www.citefast.com/?s=APA Also, PubMed and PubMed Central databases have citations capabilities on each journal article (click on ‘cite’ and locate APA style) to locate the journal article DOI. DO NOT use proxy SNHU DOIs. Refer to DOI announcement.

Appendix A

Table 1 – Title.

This MUST be changed to the APA style format. It usually takes up a couple pages and put this in landscape view. Instructions on converting to landscape view is on the internet.

Convert to an APA style evidence table of your six research articles into Table 1. Use these seven columns to entry information. The research articles must be in alphabetic order of first author.

This video explores the “whys” of an evidence table: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX2R9FzYhT0

This is how to format your evidence table using word in APA style. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RM8Qj8KB_CI

The validity score is the located on the LOE hierarchy table, e.g., systematic reviews with mega-analysis are LOE I and randomized controlled trials are LOE II. Make sure you use the correct score.