Read the question in the pdf attached.
3/11/22, 5:49 PM COMP 494 (Revision 2) Study Guide: Unit 9https://comp.athabascau.ca/494/r2/unit09.html 1/4
m enu
CO M PU TER S C IE N CE 4 94: R ESE A RC H M ETH O DS
Stu dy G uid e
U nit 9 : Re se a rch M eth ods i n I n fo rm atio n S cie n ce s
This u n it c o n ta in s t h e f o llo w in g s e ctio ns:
9 .1 P re fa ce
9 .2 L ea rn in g O utc o m es
9 .3 I n tr o d u ctio n t o C om pu ta tio nal C om ple x it y
9.4 I n tr o d u ctio n t o C on te n t A naly sis
9 .5 D isco u rs e A naly sis
9 .6 L on git udin al S tu dy
9.7 R efe re n ce s
9 .1 P re fa ce
This u n it o u tlin es r e se a rc h m eth od s t h at a re c lo se ly a sso cia te d w ith in fo rm atio n s c ie nce s.
W e a n tic ip ate t h at y o u w ill n eed a b ou t 1 2 h ou rs ( 7 2 0 m in ute s) t o c o m ple te t h is u n it .
9 .2 L e arn in g O bje ctiv e s
Aft e r c o m ple tin g U nit 9 , y o u s h ou ld b e a b le t o
e x p la in c o m ple x it y a n aly sis a n d p erfo rm c o m ple x it y a n aly se s.
e x p la in c o n te n t a n aly sis a n d p erfo rm c o n te n t a n aly se s.
e x p la in d is co u rs e a n aly sis a n d p erfo rm d is co u rs e a n aly se s.
e x p la in l o n git udin al s tu die s a n d p erfo rm s u ch s tu die s.
9 .3 I n tr o d u ctio n t o C om pu ta tio n al C om ple xit y
C om pu ta tio nal c o m ple x it y t h eo ry is a b ra n ch o f t h e t h eo ry o f c o m pu ta tio n in c o m pu te r s c ie nce . . . t h at f o cu se s o n
cla ssif yin g c o m pu ta tio nal p ro b le m s a cco rd in g t o t h eir in here n t d if fic ult y . ( “ C om pu ta tio nal C om ple x it y T heo ry ,” 2 0 14 )
W e e stim ate t h at t h is s e g m en t o f U nit 9 s h ou ld t a k e a b ou t t h re e h ou rs ( 1 8 0 m in ute s) t o c o m ple te .
R ea d in g A ssig n m en t 9 .3 .R 1
The t w o r e a d in g id en tif ie d b elo w in tr o d u ce c o m pu ta tio nal c o m ple x it y: 3/11/22, 5:49 PM COMP 494 (Revision 2) Study Guide: Unit 9
https://comp.athabascau.ca/494/r2/unit09.html 2/4
Com pu ta tio nal c o m ple x it y t h eo ry . ( 2 0 14 , F eb ru ary 1 9 ). W ik ip ed ia . R etr ie ved M arc h 9 , 2 0 14 , f r o m
h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?tit le = Com pu ta tio nal_ co m ple x it y_ th eo ry & old id =59 6210 057
(h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?tit le = Com pu ta tio nal_ co m ple x it y_ th eo ry & old id =59 6210 057)
[V ern on , M . K .] ( 2 0 05). C om ple x it y a n d b ig -O n ota tio n. R etr ie ved f r o m
h ttp :/ /p ag es.c s.w isc.e d u /~ vern on /cs3 6 7/n ote s/ 3 .C O M PLE X IT Y.h tm l
(h ttp :/ /p ag es.c s.w isc.e d u /% 7E vern on /cs3 6 7/n ote s/ 3 .C O M PLE X IT Y.h tm l)
9 .4 I n tr o d u ctio n t o C on te n t A naly sis
T he r e a d in g b elo w p ro vid es a n in tr o d u ctio n t o c o n te n t a n aly sis . P ay s p ecia l a tte n tio n t o t h e s e ctio n t it le d “ U se s o f c o n te n t
an aly sis ”:
C on te n t a n aly sis . ( 2 0 14 , F eb ru ary 2 2). W ik ip ed ia . R etr ie ved M arc h 9 , 2 0 14 , f r o m http :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Con te n t_ an aly sis &old id =59 659 0 32 7 ( h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Con te n t_ an aly sis &old id =59 659 0 32 7)
R ea d in g A ssig n m en t 9 .4 .R 2
Prin cip al c o m pon en t a n aly sis ( P C A ) is a p ow erfu l c o n te n t a n aly sis t e ch n iq ue.
S m ith, L . ( 2 0 02). A t u to ria l o n p rin cip al c o m pon en t a n aly sis . R etr ie ved f r o m t h e w eb sit e o f t h e U niv ers it y o f O ta g o :
h ttp :/ /w ww.c s.o ta g o .a c.n z/ co sc 4 53 /stu den t_ tu to ria ls / p rin cip al_ co m pon en ts .p d f
(h ttp :/ /w ww.c s.o ta g o .a c.n z/ co sc 4 53 /stu den t_ tu to ria ls / p rin cip al_ co m pon en ts .p d f)
9 .5 D is c o u rs e A naly sis
A cco rd in g t o W ik ip ed ia ,
D isco u rs e a n aly sis ( D A) o r d isc ou rse studie s , is a g en era l t e rm f o r a n um ber o f a p pro ach es t o a n aly zin g w rit te n , v o ca l, o r
sig n l a n gu ag e u se o r a n y s ig nif ic an t s e m iotic ( h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w ik i/Sem iotic ) e v en t.
T he o b je cts o f d is co u rs e a n aly sis [ a re ] d is co u rs e , w rit in g, t a lk , c o n vers a tio n, c o m mun ic ativ e e v en t[ s ]. ( “ D isco u rs e
A naly sis ,” 2 0 14 )
C on vers a tio n a n aly sis is a t y p e o f D A t h at s tu die s t a lk in in te ra ctio n ( b oth v erb al a n d n on -v erb al in s it uatio ns o f e v ery d ay l if e).
C A g en era lly a tte m pts t o d esc rib e t h e o rd erlin ess, s tr u ctu re a n d s e q u en tia l p atte rn s o f in te ra ctio n, w heth er in stit utio nal ( in
s c h ool, a d octo r’s s u rg ery , c o u rt, o r e ls e w here ) o r in c a su al c o n vers a tio n. ( “ C on vers a tio n A naly sis ,” 2 0 14 )
Socia l n etw ork a n aly sis is a n oth er t y p e o f D A t h at e sta b lis hes s tr u ctu ra l a n d f u n ctio nal r e la tio nsh ip s a m on g e le m en ts t h at
in te ra ct s o cia lly .
W e e stim ate t h at t h is s e g m en t o f U nit 9 s h ou ld t a k e a b ou t t h re e h ou rs ( 1 8 0 m in ute s) t o c o m ple te .
R ea d in g A ssig n m en t 9 .5 .R 1
The f ir st r e a d in g b elo w in tr o d u ce s s o cia l n etw ork s, a n d t h e s e co n d in tr o d u ce s s o cia l c o m pu tin g.
S ocia l n etw ork . ( 2 0 14 , M arc h 3 ). W ik ip ed ia . R etr ie ved M arc h 9 , 2 0 14 , f r o m http :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Socia l_ netw ork & old id =59 8 0 14 9 0 6 ( h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?tit le = Socia l_ netw ork & old id =59 8 0 14 9 0 6)
Socia l c o m pu tin g. ( 2 0 14 , J an uary 1 6 ). W ik ip ed ia . R etr ie ved M arc h 9 , 2 0 14 , f r o m http :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Socia l_ co m pu tin g& old id =59 10 39 698 ( h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Socia l_ co m pu tin g& old id =59 10 39 698 )
R ea d in g A ssig n m en t 9 .5 .R 2 3/11/22, 5:49 PM COMP 494 (Revision 2) Study Guide: Unit 9
https://comp.athabascau.ca/494/r2/unit09.html 3/4
“A c a se s tu dy is a n in -d ep th in vestig atio n/stu dy o f a s in gle in div id ual, g ro u p, in cid en t, o r c o m mun it y” ( J o n , & G re en e, 2 0 03,
p . 2 2).
T he r e a d in g b elo w in tr o d u ce s c a se s tu die s.
B ax te r, P ., & J ack , S . ( 2 0 08, D ece m ber). Q ualit ativ e c a se s tu dy m eth od olo gy: S tu dy d esig n a n d im ple m en ta tio n f o r n ovic e
re se a rc h ers . T he Qu ali t a tiv e R ep or t, 1 3 (4 ), 5 4 4– 559 . R etr ie ved f r o m http :/ /w ww.n ova .e d u /ssss/ Q R/Q R13 -4 /b ax te r.p d f
(h ttp :/ /w ww.n ova .e d u /ssss/ Q R/Q R13 -4 /b ax te r.p d f)
9 .6 L o n git u din al S tu dy
A lon git u din al s tu dy is a c o rre la tio nal r e se a rc h s tu dy t h at in vo lv es r e p ea te d o b se rv a tio ns o f t h e s a m e v a ria ble s o ver l o n g
perio ds o f t im e ( “ L on git udin al S tu dy,” 2 0 14 ).
I n a l o n git udin al s tu dy s u bje cts a re f o llo w ed o ver t im e w ith c o n tin uou s o r r e p ea te d m on it orin g o f r is k f a cto rs o r h ea lt h
o u tc o m es, o r b oth . S u ch in vestig atio ns v a ry e n orm ou sly in t h eir s iz e a n d c o m ple x it y. A t o n e e x tr e m e a l a rg e p op u la tio n
m ay b e s tu die d o ver d eca d es. F or e x am ple , t h e l o n git udin al s tu dy o f t h e O ffic e o f P op u la tio n C en su se s a n d S u rv ey s
p ro sp ectiv ely f o llo w s a 1 % s a m ple o f t h e B rit is h p op u la tio n t h at w as in itia lly id en tif ie d a t t h e 1 9 71 c e n su s. O utc o m es s u ch a s
m orta lit y a n d in cid en ce o f c a n ce r h ave b een r e la te d t o e m plo ym en t s ta tu s, h ou sin g, a n d o th er v a ria ble s m ea su re d a t
su cce ssiv e c e n su se s. A t t h e o th er e x tr e m e, s o m e l o n git udin al s tu die s f o llo w u p r e la tiv ely s m all g ro u ps f o r a f e w d ays o r
w eek s. T hus, f ir em en a cu te ly e x p ose d t o n oxio us f u m es m ight b e m on it ore d t o id en tif y a n y im med ia te e ffe cts .
M ost l o n git udin al s tu die s e x am in e a sso cia tio ns b etw een e x p osu re t o k n ow n o r s u sp ecte d c a u se s o f d is ea se a n d s u bse q u en t
m orb id ity o r m orta lit y. I n t h e s im ple st d esig n a s a m ple o r c o h ort o f s u bje cts e x p ose d t o a r is k f a cto r is id en tif ie d a lo n g w ith
a s a m ple o f u n ex p ose d c o n tr o ls . T he t w o g ro u ps a re t h en f o llo w ed u p p ro sp ectiv ely , a n d t h e in cid en ce o f d is ea se in e a ch is
m ea su re d . B y c o m parin g t h e in cid en ce r a te s, a ttr ib uta b le a n d r e la tiv e r is ks c a n b e e stim ate d . A llo w an ce c a n b e m ad e f o r
su sp ecte d c o n fo u n din g f a cto rs e it her b y m atc h in g t h e c o n tr o ls t o t h e e x p ose d s u bje cts s o t h at t h ey h ave a s im ilar p atte rn o f
ex p osu re t o t h e c o n fo u n der, o r b y m ea su rin g e x p osu re t o t h e c o n fo u n der in e a ch g ro u p a n d a d ju stin g f o r a n y d if fe re n ce in
t h e s ta tis tic al a n aly sis . ( U nit ed S ta te s A ir F orc e , n .d )
W e e stim ate t h at t h is s e g m en t o f U nit 9 s h ou ld t a k e a b ou t 3 h ou rs ( 1 8 0 m in ute s) t o c o m ple te .
R ea d in g A ssig n m en t 9 .6 .R 1
This r e a d in g in tr o d u ce s l o n git udin al s tu die s.
L on git udin al s tu dy. ( 2 0 14 , M arc h 9 ). W ik ip ed ia . R etr ie ved M arc h 9 , 2 0 14 , f r o m http :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Lon git udin al_ stu dy& old id =59 8 820 827 ( h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Lon git udin al_ stu dy& old id =59 8 820 827)
A ssig n m en t 2
R ev ie w A ssig nm en t 2 o n t h e c o u rs e h om e p ag e, a n d d o w hate v er y o u c a n a t t h is p oin t.
9 .7 R efe re n ce s
Bax te r, P ., & J ack , S . ( 2 0 08, D ece m ber). Q ualit ativ e c a se s tu dy m eth od olo gy: S tu dy d esig n a n d im ple m en ta tio n f o r n ovic e
re se a rc h ers . T he Qu ali t a tiv e R ep or t, 1 3 (4 ), 5 4 4– 559 . R etr ie ved f r o m http :/ /w ww.n ova .e d u /ssss/ Q R/Q R13 -4 /b ax te r.p d f
(h ttp :/ /w ww.n ova .e d u /ssss/ Q R/Q R13 -4 /b ax te r.p d f)
C om pu ta tio nal c o m ple x it y t h eo ry . ( 2 0 14 , F eb ru ary 1 9 ). W ik ip ed ia . R etr ie ved M arc h 9 , 2 0 14 , f r o m
h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?tit le = Com pu ta tio nal_ co m ple x it y_ th eo ry & old id =59 6210 057
(h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?tit le = Com pu ta tio nal_ co m ple x it y_ th eo ry & old id =59 6210 057) 3/11/22, 5:49 PM COMP 494 (Revision 2) Study Guide: Unit 9
https://comp.athabascau.ca/494/r2/unit09.html 4/4
© A th ab asc a U niv e rs ity
T O P
C on te n t a n aly sis . ( 2 0 14 , F eb ru ary 2 2). W ik ip ed ia . R etr ie ved M arc h 9 , 2 0 14 , f r o m http :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Con te n t_ an aly sis &old id =59 659 0 32 7 ( h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Con te n t_ an aly sis &old id =59 659 0 32 7)
C on vers a tio n a n aly sis . ( 2 0 14 , M arc h 6 ). W ik ip ed ia . R etr ie ved M arc h 9 , 2 0 14 , f r o m http :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Con vers a tio n_ an aly sis &old id =59 8 439 228 ( h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Con vers a tio n_ an aly sis &old id =59 8 439 228 )
D isco u rs e a n aly sis . ( 2 0 14 , F eb ru ary 1 3 ). W ik ip ed ia . R etr ie ved M arc h 9 , 2 0 14 , f r o m http :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = D isco u rs e _ an aly sis &old id =59 52 74 355 ( h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = D isco u rs e _ an aly sis &old id =59 52 74 355)
Jo n , S ., & G re en e, R . W . ( 2 0 03). S oc iol og y a n d y ou . O hio : G le n co e M cG ra w -H ill.
L on git udin al s tu dy. ( 2 0 14 , M arc h 9 ). W ik ip ed ia . R etr ie ved M arc h 9 , 2 0 14 , f r o m http :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Lon git udin al_ stu dy& old id =59 8 820 827 ( h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Lon git udin al_ stu dy& old id =59 8 820 827)
S m ith, L . ( 2 0 02). A t u to ria l o n p rin cip al c o m pon en t a n aly sis . R etr ie ved f r o m t h e w eb sit e o f t h e U niv ers it y o f O ta g o :
h ttp :/ /w ww.c s.o ta g o .a c.n z/ co sc 4 53 /stu den t_ tu to ria ls / p rin cip al_ co m pon en ts .p d f
(h ttp :/ /w ww.c s.o ta g o .a c.n z/ co sc 4 53 /stu den t_ tu to ria ls / p rin cip al_ co m pon en ts .p d f)
S ocia l c o m pu tin g. ( 2 0 14 , J an uary 1 6 ). W ik ip ed ia . R etr ie ved M arc h 9 , 2 0 14 , f r o m http :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Socia l_ co m pu tin g& old id =59 10 39 698 ( h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Socia l_ co m pu tin g& old id =59 10 39 698 )
Socia l n etw ork . ( 2 0 14 , M arc h 3 ). W ik ip ed ia . R etr ie ved M arc h 9 , 2 0 14 , f r o m http :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?
tit le = Socia l_ netw ork & old id =59 8 0 14 9 0 6 ( h ttp :/ /e n .w ik ip ed ia .o rg /w /in dex .p h p?tit le = Socia l_ netw ork & old id =59 8 0 14 9 0 6)
U nit ed S ta te s A ir F orc e , P ublic H ea lt h S ou rc e . W hat is e p id em iolo gy? 7 . L on git udin al s tu die s.
[V ern on , M . K .] ( 2 0 05). C om ple x it y a n d b ig -O n ota tio n. R etr ie ved f r o m
h ttp :/ /p ag es.c s.w isc.e d u /~ vern on /cs3 6 7/n ote s/ 3 .C O M PLE X IT Y.h tm l
(h ttp :/ /p ag es.c s.w isc.e d u /% 7E vern on /cs3 6 7/n ote s/ 3 .C O M PLE X IT Y.h tm l)