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2013 Encyclopedia of World Poetry: 1900 to the Present (2 nd ed.) Facts On File Companion to Literature Work overview (Level 4)About this WorkFull Text: Kahlil Gibran(b. 1883–d. 1931)Lebanese-born American essayist, short story writer, poetLebanese author and artist Gibran Khalil Gibran is one of the world's best-known writers, his works having been translated into morethan 20 languages. His 1923 volume remains the best-selling volume ever issued by Alfred A. Knopf. Gibran drew onboth Eastern and Western traditions to write about what it means to be both a physical and a spiritual being in the modern world.Especially during the 1960s, Gibran's philosophical works found favor with widespread audiences. In his first inaugural addressPresident John F. Kennedy quoted Gibran (“Letter to Syrian Youth”) when he said, “Ask not what your country can do for you; askwhat you can do for your country.”Gibran was born to a Maronite Christian family in Bechari, Lebanon, in 1883. His family's economic situation was unstable, making itdifficult for Gibran to obtain a formal education. He did, however, receive instruction in languages and religion from a local priest. Atthe age of 12 Gibran immigrated with his mother and siblings to the United States, settling in Boston, near relatives. Two years laterGibran returned to Lebanon to complete his secondary education. Having displayed artistic talent, he was accepted at the prestigiousÉcole des Beaux Arts in Paris. The famed sculptor Auguste Rodin was among his instructors. Although Gibran is best known as anauthor, he continued to work as a sculptor and artist throughout his life and illustrated several of his own books.At the age of 21 Gibran returned to Boston and lived in Chinatown for the next several years. Gibran's melancholy was exacerbatedby the deaths from tuberculosis of his half-brother and sister and the death of his mother from cancer. After these events, he movedto New York, where he lived for most of his life. He died from a liver ailment on April 10, 1931.Gibran's earliest writings were in Arabic, including his 1910 collection of short stories (Nymphs of the Valley) and his1914 volume of poetry and prose (Tears and Laughter). By the time he moved to New York works in his nativelanguage had made him a celebrity in the Middle East.Gibran's work is characterized by a longing for connection and unity. His feelings of alienation from the two cultures in which he livedas an outsider were increased by the horrors of World War I. In spite of his critical and financial success, Gibran was deeply troubledby the deplorable economic conditions in Lebanon, where, by the beginning of the war, large numbers of citizens were starving.Searching for deeper spirituality and understanding, Gibran turned away from organized religion. At the same time, his work wasbecoming increasingly more mystical and philosophical. Strong biblical influences are apparent in the rich images and style of hiswork, as are lyrical influences of his Arabic literary background. Much of his writing tries to answer the important questions of humanexistence while Gibran struggles with these questions himself, creating a sense of unresolved internal turmoil in his work.In 1918 Gibran published his first work in English: . The title character feels he possesses adeeper understanding of life than the masses, who consider him a madman, a theme Gibran treats in other works. Five years laterGibran published the first volume of a planned trilogy consisting of , and . This first book became Gibran's most critically acclaimed and most widely read work. The sequels, two separate volumes,were published after his death. Gibran stipulated in his will that all subsequent royalties from his writing be given to the Lebanese village of his birth.Gibran, Khalil . , 1910. Translated by H. M. Nahmad. Published as . New York: Knopf, 1948.———. , 1914. Translated by Anthony Rizcallah Ferris. Published as , edited by Martin L.Wolf. New York: Philosophical Library, 1949. Also published as . Translated by Nahmad with an introduction byRobert Hillyer. New York: Knopf, 1950.———. . New York: Knopf, 1918.———. . New York: Knopf, 1920.———. . New York: Knopf, 1923.———. . New York: Knopf, 1928.———. . New York: Knopf, 1933. Hamm, Jean. COPYRIGHT 2013 R. Victoria Arana (MLA 8th Edition) Arana, R. Victoria. "Gibran, Khalil." : , 2nd ed., Facts on File, 2013. Companion toLiterature. , https://link-gale-com.bmcc.ezproxy.cuny.edu/apps/doc/CX6257200165/GVRL?u=cuny_mancc&sid=GVRL&xid=c92fc0db. Accessed 15 Mar.2020. GALE|CX6257200165