Review Chapter 5 Searching the Evidence, Chapter 6 Evidence Appraisal Research, and Chapter 7 Evidence Appraisal Nonresearch in the Johns Hopkins Evidence-based Practice for Nurses and Healthcare Prof
Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice Model for Nursing and Healthcare Professionals
Hierarchy of Evidence Guide
Appendix D
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| Evidence Level | Types of Evidence |
| Research Evidence (Appendix E) | Level I | Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) Explanatory mixed methods design that includes only a Level I quaNtitative study Systematic review of RCTs, with or without meta-analysis
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| Level II | Quasi-experimental study Explanatory mixed methods design that includes only a Level II quaNtitative study Systematic review of a combination of RCTs and quasi-experimental studies, or quasi-experimental studies only, with or without meta-analysis
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| Level III
| Nonexperimental study Systematic review of a combination of RCTs, quasi-experimental and nonexperimental studies, or nonexperimental studies only, with or without meta-analysis. Exploratory, convergent, or multiphasic mixed methods studies Explanatory mixed methods design that includes only a Level III quaNtitative study QuaLitative study Systematic review of quaLitative studies with or without meta-synthesis
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| Nonresearch Evidence (Appendix F) | Level IV | Opinion of respected authorities and/or nationally recognized expert committees or consensus panels based on scientific evidence. Includes: |
| Level V | Based on experiential and non-research evidence. Includes: Scoping reviews Integrative reviews Literature reviews Quality improvement, program or financial evaluation Case reports Opinion of nationally recognized expert(s) based on experiential evidence
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Note: Refer to the appropriate Evidence Appraisal Tool (Research [Appendix E] or Nonresearch [Appendix F]) to determine quality ratings. © 2022 Johns Hopkins Health System/Johns Hopkins School of Nursing Page | 2
