Can someone complete this research paper for me about "operant condition & parenting and the two process theory of punishment"? All of the instructions, tips, topic and rubric is in the attached d
DIRECTIONS:
Please include in your submission:
a title page (page 1)
the body of your paper (pages 2-3)
in-text citations
a reference page (page 4+)
The body of your paper should be 1-2 pages long. If required material is listed on subsequent pages, you will lose points. Please write succinctly!
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSIGNMENT
Students are required to write a research paper. The paper will be a research based literature review that expands on one of the concepts covered in class (see steps 1-4 below). Students will pick a topic covered in class (step 1), expand on the idea by researching relevant literature (step 2) and relating it to a published theory (step 3), PARAPHRASE and cite supporting articles for evidence, and conclude with a unique/relevant hypothesis-based proposal (step 4). Students are required to use scientific writing style. This is different from essay/reflection writing style.
Students are expected to PARAPHRASE AND USE IN-TEXT CITATIONS. Please avoid using direct quotes. Avoid giving summaries of each and every article you read. Each paragraph should be an integration of cited results from several journal articles with the student’s own thoughts in-between each cited fact (i.e., topic sentence, cite results from journal article #1, own thoughts, cite results from journal article #2, own thoughts, cite results from journal article #3, own thoughts, summary/transition sentence). Students that write individual paragraphs on each article without synthesizing and integrating several related research articles with their own thoughts will automatically receive a C (70%) for their paper.
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS
Step 1: Select a concept covered in class.
Concept – operant conditioning & parenting
operant conditioning may refer to reinforcement or punishment. Do not try to cover both in your paper. You won’t have room to effectively discuss both reinforcement and punishment and stay within the 2 page limit.
The first paragraph of your paper will use several different in-text citations to broadly define and describe both your learning procedure (pavlovian or operant conditioning) and your psychological topic (fear, parenting, etc. ….).
Step 2: Research your topic. The second paragraph of your paper will get more specific and will discuss your topic in relation to published peer-reviewed scientific/experimental articles.
You will want to look specifically for references that are original peer-reviewed research articles that have an Intro, Methods, Results and Discussion section. Articles with graphs and figures will be easier for you to understand.
Students should cite at least 7 original research articles in their paper.
Step 3: Relate your topic to a published theory. The third paragraph of your paper will relate experimental findings on your topic to a relevant theory DISCUSSED IN OUR CLASS. To do this you should look for additional articles that link your topic to one of the following theories:
Theory – Two Process Theory of Punishment
For the theory paragraph, you will want to look specifically for review articles. For example, if I were interested in classical conditioning as a model for compulsive drug-seeking behavior in females, I would specifically search for review articles on Rescorla Wagner Model, classical conditioning, and drug-seeking. I would likely come up with articles describing how the brain codes for salient stimuli involved in drug-seeking behaviors and how these stimuli control compulsive behaviors. I would relate the results from experiments I discussed in step 2 to the theory I found in step 3. I would then critique the theory and determine if the available research did a good job of supporting the theory. In this section, it is OK to give your opinion, however it is not ok to use first person (e.g., don’t use I, me, we, our, I believe, ect). Students should cite at least 1 review article in their paper.
TIP: Sometimes, it may be difficult to find an article on your particular topic AND theory together in one review. So it will be up to you to find articles that are example uses of the theory. For example, it may not specifically state the Rescorla-Wagner module in the article, however, you can use any article that tests how much learning occurs when the US is surprising and how much learning changes from trial to trial (because that’s what the Rescorla-Wagner module explains). You may have to do some digging, so make sure you pick a theory that you understand before you finalize your paper topic.
Step 4: State a hypothesis and propose an original experiment. In the last paragraph, you will propose an experiment. After properly researching your topic and any related theories, you should develop a hypothesis about your topic. Remember a hypothesis is a research question. It is a question that experimenters ask before they conduct an experiment. Your hypothesis should be based off the literature you read, but should be an original hypothesis. Then propose an experiment that you would want to conduct to test your hypothesis. Briefly describe the experiment as if you were writing an abstract. However, your description should include a few more details regarding the research design. Be sure to indicate the following:
Hypothesis
independent and dependent variable
if a between subjects vs. within subjects vs. mixed design would be used
what type of technique/procedure would be used to test your effect
what type of statistical test you would use to analyze your results
a prediction describing expected results. Remember a prediction indicates what results are expected if you were to actually conduct the experiment. Predictions differ from hypotheses (see Research Methods review lecture in Modules)
**You do not need to write an entire methods section. This is much shorter than what you likely did in Research Methods.
Some extra tips
When writing the overall paper, you should start with an opening paragraph that introduces your topic.
The next paragraph of your paper should be an integration of the original research articles and your own thoughts. Then link the literature to a published theory.
The final paragraph of the paper will be your hypothesis and proposed experiment. End your paper with a summary paragraph. Be sure to include at least 8 in-text citations (7 must be from original research articles + 1 must be from a review article). When you are organizing your paper for the assignment, it is OK to flip flop steps 2 and 3. It is OK if your paper makes more sense presenting the theory followed by supporting original research articles. It is also OK to present the original articles first followed by the associated theory. The main objective is to make sure both types of articles are included in your paper and the paper is written in an organized/logical manner. The body of your paper should not exceed TWO pages (excludes title and reference page). I will stop reading at the end of your 2nd page of text. If required material is listed on subsequent pages, you will lose points. Please write succinctly!
**Although the paper instructions indicate a total of 8 references are required, please keep in mind you still have to cite each and every sentence that contains information you learned from an outside source. For example, your paper may include 8 different in-text citations but your paper also includes one uncited sentence that describes the symptoms of Autism. You will need to cite this sentence as well because the symptoms of Autism are not common knowledge. You can find this information in one of your already 8 obtained references, or you will have to add a 9th reference.
What does an “A” paper look like?: “A” papers will complete all necessary requirements for the assignment as listed in the instructions and the below checklist AND will demonstrate a high level of professionalism, excellent writing style, exceptional critical thinking skills, and perfect APA formatting. Specifically “A” papers will demonstrate flawless readability and clarity, no grammatical errors, and adherence to the standards for academic honesty. Basically when I assign grades, I am assessing 3 factors 1) content 2) writing style and 3) formatting. So if you make several errors in one of these categories, your grade will be dropped by 1 letter grade. For example, if you write a paper that has great content and great writing style but you make several formatting errors, your grade will be dropped to a B. However, if you write a paper that is poor in all three areas (content, writing style, and formatting), then your grade will drop to a D. Warning: I am a fair but tough grader with high expectations. I will need about 2-3 weeks to grade the first submission. Papers will be returned and students will have 2 weeks to revise (see next section). Please plan schedules accordingly.
GRADING RUBRIC
Below is how your First submission will be scored on content, writing style, and formatting. Your final submission will also follow the same instructions and requirements listed in this document, however the amount of additional percentage points added to your initial paper grade will be based on how well you addressed comments I made on the first submission. The final submission should be MUCH improved over the first submission.
Title page (Professional Style):
Header
must be inserted ½ inch from the top margin, not manually entered.
Left aligned
all letters capitalized
a shortened form of the paper title
no more than 50 characters (including spaces and punctuation)
right aligned page number on same line as header.
font style and size matches the rest of the paper
no longer needs the words “Running head”
The byline appears centered on the page and consists of the following three lines:
Full title of paper
12 word maximum
centered on the page
boldface
upper & lower case
should be longer than your header
is 4 lines down from the top margin
Your name centered (no titles or degrees)
Your institutional affiliation centered
Body of the Paper: Literature search on your research topic.
The full title also appears centered on the first line, boldface (upper & lower case).
One paragraph describing the conditioning procedure and topic (step 1)
One paragraph discussing the literature and how it relates to your topic (step 2)
One paragraph discussing the literature and how it relates to a theory (step 3)
One paragraph describing your proposed experiment (not correlation). This section should be written in future tense. Please include the following items:
State hypothesis (“The aim of the proposed experiment is to determine the effects of….”)
List independent variable(s) and levels (level 1, level2)
List dependent variable(s) (give units if applicable ex: sec, days, mg/kg, ect)
List technique/procedure used to measure your DV
State design of experiment (between subjects? Within subjects? Mixed?)
State statistical test used to analyze data (independent samples t-test, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, 2-way ANOVA, 3-way ANOVA)
List prediction/expected results
Summary paragraph for entire paper
Citations
At least 8 articles from peer-reviewed psychology journals related to your paper topic (websites do not count).
At least 7 are original research articles and appropriately PARAPHRASED
At least 1 is a review article and appropriately PARAPHRASED
Direct quotes were avoided. A maximum of 2 quotes are allowed.
Every work that is cited in the body is listed on the Reference page. Likewise, every reference on the Reference page has been cited at least once in the body.
In-text citations formatted correctly in APA style
Never include initials
Do not include page numbers (unless it is a quotation)
For 1 author (Last name, year)
For two authors (Last name & Last name, year)
For 3+ authors (Last name et al., year)
No indication of plagiarism:
Make sure all paraphrases have been cited in text using the author(s) last names and dates of publication.
References
The title “References” appears centered on the Reference page and is boldface, no colon.
References appear alphabetically by first author’s last name.
Use hanging indent
The first line of each reference is not indented.
Subsequent lines are indented ½ inch.
Follow APA style formatting for references (see APA manual 7th edition)
Last name and first initials of author names using APA style formatting
Publication date in parentheses following author names
Article titles: Only the first letter of first word and proper nouns are capitalized (and first word after a colon).
Journal names are italicized and use upper and lowercase letters. Do not capitalize “of”, “in”, “on”, “and”, “an”.
Volume numbers are italicized.
Issue numbers appear in parentheses and are not italicized.
Include both the first and last page numbers on journal article references.
Include the DOI number as a hyperlink (if applicable)
EXTRA FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO YOUR GRADE:
APA Formatting
Margins are to be one inch (1”) from the top, bottom, and sides.
Double space everything, including title page and reference page.
Indent the beginning of each paragraph using one tab space.
Do not leave extra space between paragraphs. To fix, right-click, paragraph, and select the checkbox to stop skipping spaces between paragraphs.
Use “left align”.
All pages are numbered in sequence starting with the Title page.
Use 12-point Times New Roman font for entire paper
Use one space after a period at the end of a sentence.
Sections of the paper are in the correct order.
Layout of paper (spacing of sections and headings)
Writing Style:
Writing style (good sentence structure, professional word choice, clarity)
Overall cohesiveness and organization of the paper
Do not use personal pronouns and modifiers (e.g., My, me, I, Our, We, etc.). The only exception would be if you are writing a paper on gender.
Performed a spelling and grammar check on the completed document.
Good papers will be appropriately cited but also will include the student’s own ideas.
Two versions were successfully submitted (first and final). Students failing to submit one of the versions will receive a zero for the entire paper assignment.
Final submission showed marked improvement and all comments from first submission were addressed. If the final version is not significantly improved from the first submission, points will be deducted from the original first submission paper grade. However, if the final submission is much improved, up to 10% can be added to first submission paper grade.
Good papers will make the following very clear to the reader
Topic addressed
Aim of the paper
Clear interpretation of previously published papers
Clearly described link between the research findings and the theory
Well-developed hypothesis
Clear description of proposed experiment aim and variables (IV, DV)
Evidence that student understands the design and interpretation of proposed experiment
Some insight on the meaning (take home message) of your paper
