Regarding each of your three Part 1 scenarios for [CO2] in 2100:Estimate the temperature change viaEBCM for each scenario. (To make use of EBCM, make a copy of the spreadsheet provided. Adjust only th

Q1. Regarding palaeoclimatological data that includes measur ements of [CO2] for at least the past 100,000 years 1. Obtain and identify the sour ce of this data. Share a view of the data in your submission. Data obtained from: https://www .bas.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/003.jpg 2. Briefly , how ar e [CO2] measur ements extracted fr om the data? The European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) extracted the data by drilling the ice core from Dome C on the Antarctic Platea 3. Fr om the data, estimate the minimum, maximum, and average values [CO2] over a time interval of your choosing that is cover ed by the data Measuring from 800,000 years to 0 years Max. value = 300 ppmv Min. value = 170 ppmv A vg. value = (300 ppmv - 170 ppmv) / 2 + 170 ppmv = (130 ppmv) / 2 + 170 ppmv = 235 ppmv 4. Based upon the average value, estimate the [CO2] in 2022 (pr esent) and 2100 (future) 5. 2022 – 235 ppm ± 2100 – 235 ppm ± Q2. Regarding Mauna Loa Observatory data for the [CO2] at present and in ‘recent’ past 1. State the curr ent value for [CO2]. Convert this value to a per centage.

August 2022: 417.19 ppm August 2021: 414.47 ppm 1ppm = 0.0001% %=417/10000 =0.0417 417.19 ppm = 0.041719 2. Qualify the pr oportion of Earth’ s atmosphere that is [CO2] in r elative terms. (Feel fr ee to intr oduce an analogy , for example - other than one based on counting Smarties!) Driving one million kilometers, 417.19 of those kilometers will be the concentration level of carbon dioxide ([CO2]). And is equivalent to the drive from Barrie, Ontario, to Ottawa, Ontario. 3. What does your intuition suggest about this pr oportion in the context of climate change? Why?

I think the concentration level of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is very high. In examining, we get 417.19 ppm translating to 0.041719%, which is a low number . But, it is the opposite which can be alarming. For instance, due to the increase of [CO2] in the atmosphere, glaciers are melting, which may cause endangerment to arctic life 4. Using one of the Keeling Curves 1. Estimate the curr ent value for the [CO2]. According to the black curve, the estimate for [CO2] in 2020 is 417.5 ppm 2. Choose a time in the past that is cover ed by the curve and estimate [CO2]. According to the black curve, the estimate for [CO2] in 2020 is 413 ppm.

3. Using your past and pr esent estimates for the [CO2], estimate the gr owth rate for this gas in our atmosphere.

2022 – 417.5 ppm 2020 – 413 ppm Slope = Rise / Run = (417.5 ppm – 413 ppm) / (2022-2020) = 4.5 ppm / 3 years = 1.5 ppm/year 4. Based on this gr owth rate, estimate [CO2] in 2100 CO2] in 2100 = 1.5ppm/year * 79years = 1 18.50 ppm Regarding the AGU’s selection offive graphs fr om the recent IPCC assessment (AR6) Using the first graph fr om point 5 on “Carbon Extraction.” It is estimated that [CO2] in 2100 will be 500 ppm. 1. Choose one of the emissions scenarios depicted in the point 4 graph: 1. Estimate the [CO2] in 2100.

It is called 550ppm 2. Using your own words, explain what is being measur ed on the vertical axis of this figur e.

The quantity of CO2 emissions being measured every year . 3. Relative to today , quantify the per centage change by 2100 for the scenario you chose.

Case: Very high emissions 2020 = 40 GtCO2/yr 2100 = 125 GtCO2/yr % Increase = (40 GtCO2/yr + 125 GtCO2/yr) / 40 GtCO/yr = 165 GtCO2/yr / 40 GtCO2/yr =126% increase from 2020 to 2100 for ‘very high emissions case 4. Pr ovide a simplified pr ocess-flow diagram that captur es this result.