See the attached

APA Format for References Pages and Written Work

When you use supporting material at a minimum verbally state:

• the author’s name

• publication information,

• the year of the publication.

For example: According to Gina Dorian in a 2009 article in Time magazine, Hurricane Katrina was the nation’s most costly natural disaster.

Any written document you turn in to your Instructor must conform to APA style, the form required by the most recent edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. This worksheet contains sample instructions for citing sources in-text and in the reference list/bibliography for your papers and speech outlines.

NOTE: An abstract is NOT required for this course. Additional Resources

• The APA handbook is located at bookstores and libraries.

• Please see Purdue OWL (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/) for more detailed information.

In-Text Citation

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation when you are citing an author(s) idea. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, for example, (Jones, 1998) or Jones (1998) and a complete reference should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

• • In-text Citations and CC100: You will use in-text citations in your speech outlines at the end of the sentences in which you use supporting material. Also, you will use in-text citations for your written assignments.

If you are referring to an idea from another work but NOT directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the

page number in your in-text reference-this is called an INDIRECT QUOTE. However, if you are directly quoting from a source you will include the page number-this is called a DIRECT QUOTE. All sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

• • Individuals assess the potential risks and benefits before they decide to self-disclose information (Petronio, 2002).

Or it could be written like this:

• • According to Petronio (2002), individuals assess the potential risks and benefits before they decide to self-disclose information.

o Notice there are no page numbers needed for indirect quotes because you are paraphrasing from the author.

• • According to Petronio (2002), “Role risks are those that have the potential to jeopardize our standing if we disclose private information” (p. 71).

Or it could be written like this:

• • “Role risks are those that have the potential to jeopardize our standing if we disclose private information” (Petronio, 2002, p. 71).

Additional Basic Rules:

• Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones.

• If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change. Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs: Writing New Media, There Is Nothing Left to Lose. (Note: in your References list, only the first word of a title will be capitalized: e.g., Writing new media.)

• When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word: e.g., Natural-Born Cyborgs.

• Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: "Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock's Vertigo."

• Italicize or underline the titles of longer works such as books, edited collections, movies, television series, documentaries, or albums: The Closing of the American Mind; The Wizard of Oz; Friends.

• Put quotation marks around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles, articles from edited collections, television series episodes, and song titles: "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds"; "The One Where Chandler Can't Cry."

• See below for personal interviews/correspondence.

Reference Lists

Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper (unless otherwise indicated in the assignment’s guidelines). It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.

Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page "References" centered at the top of the page (do NOT bold, underline, or use quotation marks for the title). All text should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay.

Additional Basic Rules:

• All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.

• Authors' names are inverted (last name first); give the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work for up to and including seven authors. If the work has more than seven authors, list the first six authors and then use ellipses after the sixth author's name. After the ellipses, list the last author's name of the work.

• Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.

• If you have more than one article by the same author, single-author references or multiple-author references with the exact same authors in the exact same order are listed in order by the year of publication, starting

with the earliest.

• Capitalize all major words in journal titles.

• When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word.

• Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals.

• Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections.

Examples of Common Citations (APA 6th ed.).

*the first example provides the structure to follow and the second example provides an actual example citation.

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number,

pages.

Turman, P. D., & Schrodt, P. (2006). Student perceptions of teacher power as a function of perceived teacher confirmation. Communication Education, 55, 265-279.

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher. Petronio, S. (2002). Boundaries of privacy: Dialectics of disclosure. Albany, NY: State University of New

York Press.

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online Periodical, volume number(issue number if available). Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A list apart: For people who make websites, 149.

Retrieved from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number, page range. doi:0000000/000000000000

Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161

Website

Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Retrieved from URL

Smith, J. (2018, May 8). New ideas. Retrieved from http://www.lotsofstuff.com.

If there is no author, start with the title:

New ideas. (2018, May 8). Retrieved from http://www.lotsofstuff.com.

Blog Post

Last, F. M. (Year Month Date Published). Article title [Type of blog post]. Retrieved from URL.

Smith, J. (2018, May 8). Lots of Stuff to Do. [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.lotsofstuff.com.

Citing a Photo Found Online

Photographer, F.M. (Photographer). (Year, Month Date of Publication). Title of Photograph [digital image]. Retrieved from URL

Smith, J. (Photographer). (2018, August 8). Monkeys [digital image]. Retrieved from http://www.lotsofstuff.com.

Citing a Video (such as YouTube)

Last Name, F.M. [Username]. (Year, Month Date). Title of video [Video File]. Retrieved from URL

Smith, J. [Username]. (2018, August 8). More monkeys [video file]. Retrieved from http://www.lotsofstuff.com.

It would look like this:

Lifestyle blogger John Smith thinks that gold fish are terrible pets for children. He prefers monkeys (J. Smith, personal communication, August 15, 2009).

References

Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A list apart: For people who make websites, 149.

Retrieved from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving

New ideas. (2018, May 8). Retrieved from http://www.lotsofstuff.com.

Petronio, S. (2002). Boundaries of privacy: Dialectics of disclosure. Albany, NY: State University of New

York Press.

Smith, J. [Username]. (2018, August 8). More monkeys [video file]. Retrieved from http://www.lotsofstuff.com.