Answer the questions for lab

L o okin g a t t h e g ra p h t o t h e l e ft w here w e a n aly ze t h e ‘ v e ry l o w e m is sio ns s c e n ario , w e c a n s e e t h at c a rb o n d io xid e i s t h e h ig h est c o ntr ib uto r w here i t i s m easu re d a t a l it t le h ig h er t h an 1 °. T h is m ean s t h at t h e a tt e n tio n g iv e n t o C O 2 i s j u stif ie d . 2. In Question 1 of Lab 1, Part 3, you identified emissions scenarios for each of your three Part 1 scenarios for [CO2] in 2100. For each of these emissions scenarios, provide a quantitative estimate for the relative impact of CO2 versus Non-CO2 GHGs.

P ale o clim ato lo gic a l D ata T a kin g a l o ok a t t h e g ra p h t o t h e l e ft f o r t h e c a se o f ‘ lo w e m is sio ns’, w e c a n s e e t h at C O 2 i s 3 t im es h ig h er t h an N on-C O 2 G HG ’s . 1 .5 / 0 .5 = 3 M au na L o a T a kin g a l o ok a t t h e g ra p h t o t h e l e ft f o r t h e c a se o f ‘ v e ry l o w e m is sio ns’, w e c a n s e e t h at C O 2 i s 2 .7 5 t im es h ig h er t h an N on-C O 2 G HG ’s . 1 .1 / 0 .4 = 2 .7 5 T a kin g a l o ok a t t h e g ra p h t o t h e l e ft f o r t h e c a se o f ‘ m id -le ve l e m is sio ns’, w e c a n s e e t h at C O 2 i s 2 .7 5 t im es h ig h er t h an N on-C O 2 G HG ’s . 2 .2 / 0 .8 = 2 .7 5 3. Based on the results obtained by comparing the impact of CO2 versus Non-CO2 GHGs, is the attention given to CO2 justified?

B ase d o n t h e r e su lt s , t h e a tt e n tio n g iv e n t o C O 2 i s j u stif ie d . 2. State the primar y scientific objectiv e of the Kyot o Pr otocol. (Be cer tain to state y our sour ce(s)).

T h e o bje ctiv e o f t h e K yo to P ro to co l i s f o r e co no m ie s t o d ecre ase t h e a m ount o f g re e n ho use g a se s b ein g r e le ase d i n to t h e a tm osp here a s t h is w ill s lo w d ow n c lim ate c h an ge . I t i s a t r e aty c re ate d b y t h e U nit e d N atio ns F ra m ew ork C onve n tio n o n C lim ate C han ge ( U N FC CC) i n 1 9 97.

h tt p s:/ /u nfc cc.in t/ k yo to _p ro to co l 3. Summariz e the primar y scientific objectiv e of the Paris Agreement. (Be cer tain to state y our sour ce(s)).

T h e P aris A gre em en t i s k n ow n a s a n i n te rn atio nal t r e aty w here t h eir g o al i s t o l o w er c lim ate c h an ge t o 1 .5 – 2 ° C els iu s. I t i s a t r e aty c re ate d b y t h e P aris A gre e m en t U nder t h e U nit e d N atio ns F ra m ew ork C onve n tio n o n C lim ate C han ge ( U N FC CC) i n 2 015.

h tt p s:/ /u nfc cc.in t/ p ro ce ss-a n d-m eetin gs/th e-p aris -a gre e m en t/ th e-p aris -a gre e m en t 4. State a primar y outcome achie ved at COP26 (2021 United Nations Climate Change Conf erence). (Be cer tain to state y our source(s)).

A p rim ary o utc o m e a ch ie ve d a t C O P26 i s t h at c o untr ie s a gre e d t o s e tt in g a g o al o f w here t h ey s ta y u nder 1 .5 ° C els iu s h tt p s:/ /w ww.w ri. o rg /in sig h ts /c o p26-k e y-o utc o m es-u n-c lim ate -t a lk s-g la sg o w 5. Using y our own wor ds, distinguish between “ net-zero” and “Carbon neutr al”. (Be certain to pr ovide y our sour ce(s) - e.g.,What ’s the Diff erence Between Carbon Neutr al and Net-Zero?).

What mak es net-zero objectiv es ‘mor e aggr essive’ than others?

N et- z e ro i s d ecre asin g t h e e m is sio n a cco rd in g t o t h e l a te st c lim ate s c ie n ce a n d b ala n cin g t h e r e sid ual e m is sio n v ia c a rb o n r e m ova l w hile t h e c a rb o n-n eu tra l i s b uyin g c a rb o n d ecre asin g c re d it s e q ual t o e m is sio ns w it h o ut t h e n eed f o r e m is sio ns t o h ave t a ke n p la ce . h tt p s:/ /e co m etr ic a .c o m /c a rb o n-n eu tra l- n et- z e ro / 6. F or the worst-case emissions scenario y ou identified in Question 1 of Lab 1, Part 3: 1. T o achieve the net-zero objective by 2050, by how much must annual CO2 emissions be reduced in GtCO2/yr?

2. T o what extent must reduction through Carbon extraction apply? (Note: Refer to Section 5, “Carbon Extraction”, from the AGU’s selection offive graphs from the recent IPCC assessment (AR6) for additional context.) A cco rd in g t o S e ctio n 5 o f t h e A G U, i t s ta te s t h at i n o rd er t o e xtra ct C arb o n f r o m t h e a tm osp here “ W e c a n d ra w c a rb o n o ut o f t h e a tm osp here s o il, s e q ueste rin g c a rb o n i n a gric u lt u ra l s o il, r e sto rin g o ce an s e co sy ste m s t h at s to re c a rb o n, a n d a p ply in g c a rb o n c a p tu re a n d s to ra ge t e ch no lo gy.” 3. Identify a process for sequestering Carbon. T o what extent, if any, has this process been commercialized? (Be certain to state your source(s)). h tt p :/ /w ww.e n gin eerin gch alle n ge s.o rg /c h alle n ge s/s e q uestra tio n.a sp x T h e m ost c o m mon p ro ce ss f o r s e q ueste rin g C arb o n i s c a p tu re c a rb o n d io xid e f r o m a n d s to rin g i t a w ay f r o m t h e a tm osp here .