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Gendered talk in same sex conversationsConversational goals and communicative intentions Women’s talk Female Speech•Female speech style is typically associated with gossip Gossip•What is gossip?•Te l l i n g d e t a i l s o f o t h e r ’s l i v e s•These details become gossip when the friend to whom they are told repeats them to someone else•A grown-up version of girls telling secrets to each other Gossip•Used to be (and still is today) seen as something evil and undesirable•Often associated with old women, hags and crones•Seen as manipulative•The label ‘gossip’ trivializes women’s conversations Gossip: Functions•Emphasize group membership•Create solidarity•Maintain unity•In-group/out-group boundaries•Entertainment To p i c d e v e l o p m e n t•Women build on each other ’s contributions•Prefer continuity•To p i c s h i f t i s s u p p o s e d t o o c c u r g r a d u a l l y•Single topics can last for quite some time To p i c d e v e l o p m e n t•Typical pattern•A introduces topic•B tells anecdote on same theme•C tells another anecdote on same theme leading to•General discussion•Summary•Gradual shift to new topic Storytelling•Recounting recent events•Updating the other on one’s life•At a superficial look it is not always clear what the point of a story is•Reason behind a woman’s story is often implicit•Evaluative component often deeply embedded in the context within which the story is told•Often goes hand in hand with identity construction Women’s impressions of gendered talkOn their own style•Softer •More sensitive •Spontaneous•Concrete•Brief•Simple•Understandable On men’s style•Authoritative•Solemn•Impersonal•Repetitive•Pompous•Abstract Conversational goals•Rapport-talk•Crucial to be liked•Driven by wish for affiliation Men’s talk Men’s talk•Monologues•Stretches of conversation where one holds the floor for a considerable time•Assert expertise in an area through such monologues•Consecutive turns of ‘expert’ talk monologues•Silences•Lack of verbal feedback•Direct expression of disagreement Men’s talk•Ve r bal s par r i ng•Adversarial stances•Quick-fire turn-taking•Rapid succession of short turns•One-upping the other (starts at little boys’ age) Storytelling•Alsorecent events•Not to update the other on one’s life•Stories to illustrate more general points on a particular topic•Men’s stories often underline their control of a situation, their competence, or resistance to unreasonable authoritarianism•Often includes swear words Men’s impressionsOn their own style•Soft•Sensitive•Friendly•Simple•Engaged•Inexperienced On women’s style•Prestigious•Aggressive•Difficult•Formal •Bureaucratic •To o w o r d y Conversational Goals•Report-talk•Crucial to be respected•Driven by a wish for status (power-imbalance) Same but Different Same but Different•Women and men use the same communicative means•They use them with different intentions, interactional goals and outcomes To p i cWomen•Personal•People•Feelings •Shared experiences•Foster self-disclosureMen•Impersonal•Current affairs•Cars•Sport •Avoid self-disclosure Minimal ResponseWomen•Interactional goals•Foster relationships•Be supportive•Be encouraging•Facilitate conversation•Skilled use at non-turn-competitive instancesMen•Interactional goals•Tactical reasons•To undermine current speaker•To reinforce male dominance QuestionsWomen•Avoid information-seeking questions•Questions to •invite others to participate•introduce new topics•hedge•check the views of others•instigate storiesMen•Primarily information-seeking questions•Questions to•Encourage speakers to take on expert role Tu r n-takingWomen•Collaborative floor•Floor is potentially open to all participants at the same time•Overlaps and interruptions for facilitative purposesMen•Individual floor•One-at-a-time turn-taking•Overlaps are rare•Interruptions are competitive Women’s and men’s talkWomen•Collaborative•Supporting other speakers•Using language to emphasize solidarityMen•Competitive/ Adversarial•Stressing individuality•Emphasizing hierarchical relationships Homework•Reading•Textbook. Eckert, P. and McConnell-Ginet(2003). Language and Gender. –Chapter 4.•Or•Sourceareadingofyour own choice relating to same-sex conversations