Can you write me an 1100-word paper? I will provide you with notes and instructions.

Women, Men & PolitenessStefanie Stadler What is politeness?•Politeness is an other-directed action oriented towards face-needs and social expectations•For example•Being less straightforward•Using mitigation devices•Avoiding strengthening devices•Avoiding conflict•Apologizing for impositions•Making it easy for others to refuse or comply•Giving interactional freedom What is politeness?•Positive politeness•Actively appealing to other’s positive face•Appealing to the need to be liked, appreciated, respected, related to positively•Negative politeness•Tr y i n g n o t to i m p e d e o n o t h e rs•Giving other space and freedom of choice What is politeness?•Politeness choices are driven by many factors•Three of the most prominent factors that have been iden<ﬁed include:•Power•Distance•ImposiEon Case Study: Tz e l t a l•Women are very deferential to men, both in language use, non-verbal communication and demeanor•Men are generally more matter-of-fact and brusque•Women use more strengthening particles when speaking to women than when speaking to men•Women use more weakening particles when speaking to men than when speaking to women•Women use more particles overall Politeness Strategies in Tz e l t a l•Positive politeness devices•Emphatic particles•Exaggerated empathetic intonation and prosody•Negative questions•Repeats•Irony•Diminuativesand in-group address-forms•Joking Politeness Strategies in Tz e l t a l•Negative politeness devices•Performativehedges•Indirect speech acts•Pessimistic formulation of requests and offers•Minimization of impositions•Deference•Depersonalizing and deresponsibilizingmechanisms Why are Women Polite in Tz e l t a l?•Women are vulnerable in this society•To m e n b e c a u s e t h e y m a y b e a t t h e m i f t h e r e a r e t h r e a t s to their reputaEon•To women as possible sources for slights on their reputaEon•Greater distance in patrilocalsociety•Women marry into the husband’s family•Greater social distance between women than men•Cau