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Digestive System: Enzymatic Digestion and Absorption

1. List the three major nutrient classes (a.k.a. macronutrients).

1. _________________________

2. _________________________

3. _________________________

2. Which of the following carbohydrates is not a disaccharide?

a. maltose

b. lactose

c. starch

d. sucrose

3. Match the following pairs of molecules with their monomers by placing the number next to the matching letter:

a. sucrose __________

b. maltose __________

c. starch ___________

d. lactose __________

The monomers:

1. many glucose monomers

2. glucose + fructose

3. glucose + galactose

4. glucose + glucose

4. The breakdown products (monomers) of proteins are __________ _________.

5. The breakdown products of triglycerides include monoglycerides and _______ _________.

6. Place the following labels on the diagram below:

maltose, maltotriose, limit dextrin

7. Once food is acidified in the stomach, amylase continues to digest starch.

a. True

b. False

8. The digestive enzyme ________ begins the breakdown of proteins in the stomach.

9. Pepsin is inactivated in the duodenum.

a. True

b. False

10. Pancreatic __________ is responsible for the majority of fat digestion.

11. Most water and salt are absorbed in the colon.

a. True

b. False

12. The active transport of sodium is necessary for water absorption in the small ­intestine.

a. True

b. False

13. The final digestion of carbohydrates is accomplished with ______ ______ enzymes.

14. Which of the following is not a brush border enzyme?

a. amylase

b. sucrase

c. dextrinase

d. glucoamylase

15. Place the following labels on the figure below:

luminal side, facilitated diffusion transporter, basolateral side

16. List the three major pancreatic proteases.

1. _____________________

2. _________________________

3. _________________________

17. Only single amino acids are absorbed in the small intestine.

a. True

b. False

18. List the two main brush border proteases.

1. _________________________

2. _________________________

19. List the two mechanisms that help to increase the surface area of lipids for subsequent digestion with pancreatic lipase.

1. _________________________

2. _________________________

20. Bile salts surround monoglycerides and free fatty acids to form tiny droplets called ________.

21. Triglycerides combine with lipoproteins inside the intestinal epithelial cells to form __________.

22. Chylomicrons exit the intestinal epithelial cells and then enter the ________ lymphatic capillaries.