Instructions are attached below.

CONF 340, Global Understanding Professor Patrick Hakizimana Announcements vYour course obstacles and concerns vReading , reading and reading vWill I be able to do the memo? Ye syou will! vOffice hours can help?vMemo #1 is due Next week vWe will cover the details of requirements after today’s lecture vVisit from a Librarian : Christopher Magee An Introduction to Theories that Impact ConflictOur World View What is Theory?vTheory and social sciencevBegin with a questionvClarify assumptionsvSpecify a logical explanation that flows from assumptionsvDerive hypotheses from that explanationvDo those hypotheses derive from reality?vTheory as a simplification of realityvAssumption that human behavior is predictablevTheory as worldviewvTheory as a way tomake meaning of what we see in the worldTheoryResearchPractice Questions? vHow are the three theories different from each other? vHow are their assumptions different? vWhat types of conflict do they explain?vHow do the theories make different assumptions about what motivates human beings?vRussian / Ukrainian; Crimea territory? How does Liberalism, Realism or Marxism may applies? Is Marxism even relevant for this particular conflict? CLASSIFYING GLOBAL CONFLICTCCRInterstate•Identity/secession•Revolution/ideological•FactionalNon-interstate•State•Insurgent•Ideological•Nationalist•Tra n s-nationalTe r r o r i s mHSRvState-based:vInterstatevIntra-statevNon-state conflictvCrimevOne-sided violencevBy governmentsvBy others THE DIFFICULTY OF CLASSIFICATIONvNew warsvConflict today is complex:vCombinations of different typesvEconomics of conflictvComplex causesvCan we classify conflict quantitatively? vExample: Iraq and Syria, vInternal conflict?vInternational conflict?vReligious/Sectarian?vState Repression?vTe r r o r i s m ?vCrime?vHow does Council on Foreign Relation, Global Conflict Tracker catabolized conflict? vWhy this important? From Last Week Lecture vGaltung’s Theory of Violence vStructural Violence vCulture Violence vDirect Violence vNegative and Positive PeacevSyllabics LogisticsvMemos John Locke 1632-1704Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679•John Locke (Father of Liberalism)•Human nature is shaped by environment •The government is to bring about cooperation •Human nature: man is a social animal•The Social Contract: man has the right to life and just and impartial protection •The state of nature –man is true to his obligations and words. •Thomas Hobbes •The government needs to control our naturally selfish nature•Authoritarian government is necessary •Human Nature: man isn’t a social animal. •The social contract: if man simply does what he is told, he is safe.•The State of nature: the life of a man would be poor and brutal in a society with continuous fear and danger. Realism and the Security Dilemma•Robert Jervis Realism Theory & cause of conflict Human Nature Realist Theory•Human pursue of power -Dominance•Ex. Hans Morgenthau ØAnimus DominadiStructural Realist Theory qThe aggressive nature of a state is caused by International structure system -•Due to the lack of high authority •Power is security •Schoolers such as •Ken waltz Realism and the Security DilemmavHobbes:vState of naturevNeed for a Leviathan –“an international authority that could guarantee access”vPreoccupation with order and violencevJervis’ neo-realismvAssumption: anarchy (no international leviathan)vThe security dilemmavSome factors worsen the security dilemma Applying Realism to To d a y ’s Wo r l dvJervis was a theory of interstate conflictvGoal: identify conditions that produced cataclysmic warvHow to apply realism to today’s world?vInterstate anarchy assumes intrastate hierarchyvA domestic security dilemma:vCollapses of state authority (or just weak states)vSomalia, Venezuela. The DRC Or Yemen? vFormer Soviet Union/Former YugoslaviavInternal anarchyvFear on the part of communal groupsvResult: heightened possibility of internal war. Stag Hunt•Two individuals on a hunt •If they choose to work togetherthey can capture the stag (more for both of them)•If they choose to go on their ownthey will not be successful in getting the stag (both loose)•If they choose to chase the rabbit, they may have a small win but no as big as capturing the stag Liberalism’s Response to RealismWoodrow WilsonImmanuel Kant The Kantian Triangle•Anarchy can create a vicious cycle, as in realism•But liberal institutions stop it•The Kantian triangle•International organizations•Democracy •Economic interdependence•They reinforce each other and peace Applying Liberalism to To d a y ’s Wo r l dvLike realism, liberalism was meant as an explanation of interstate warvWhy is the world more peaceful today (next week’s question)?vIt’s more democraticvThere’s more economic opennessvCountries participate more in IOs.vApplication to today’s world:vThese forces also undermine civil war.vPower of democracy, in particular:vDissolution of grievances against the statevThere’s some dispute to this:vFragile young democracies, especiallyvCultural critique: liberalism as a Western concept Karl Marx Marxism Ideas •How can you living in a system where you can not enjoy the product of you labor?•Capitalist get pay more while the worker receives unlivable wages •Primitive Accumulation•Profit is a theft –exploitation•Capitalism is instable –To o m a n y c r i s i s •Caused by over production of goods and bad distribution to these in need•Redistribution of wealth: Unemployment or Freedom? •Leisure can be enjoyed by everyone, because model economy is productive•Capitalism is bad for capitalist –Commodity Fetishism •ex: Bourgeois Marriage Marxism and Conflict•Conflict is class-based•Capital v. labor•“We traced the more or less veiled civil war, raging within existing society, up to the point where that war breaks out into open revolution.” (Marx)•Prediction: collapse of capitalism socialism•Causes of conflict:•Mao’s Capitalist militarism & wars•Revolution•Counter-revolution•concept of revolutionary war•Mao’s concept of revolutionary war Applying Marxism to To d a y ’s Wo r l dvLiberalism as an expectation for cultural and attitudinal change in non-Western countriesvConflict seen as a pathology of non-Western societiesvSolution: become more Western.vConflict resolution as a means topreserving the capitalist ordervLiberalism’s Kantian Triangle is a means of controlvBut the system is fundamentally flawedvConflict isn’t an aberration in conflict –it’s a a part of the system21 Comparing The TheoriesTheoryWhat do peoplewant?Mechanism thatcreates conflictWhere doeswar happens?RealismSecuritySecurityDilemmaWhere there’s a breakdown of political order LiberalismSecurity Security dilemmaIlliberalPolitical Order Marxism Money Capitalist SystemWhenthe Capitalist System collapses Memorandums Explained Conflict Memoranda vWhy Memos? vClear, concise, includes your own analysis and evidence of critical thinking vHow Many?vWe will have 4 memorandum this semester for 40% of your total grade. vYo u m a y w r i t e a 5thMemo, best 4 will be counted towards your gradevHow? vNo more than 2 single spaced pagesvIntroduction vBrief summary of Historical background of the conflictvTheoretical application/Analysis vConclusion/Recommendations Next Week: Measuring War? Declinists vs. Pessimist