Please answer the following questions. need help in solving them.

NGOs have a comparative advantage between conventional ___________since activities tend to be partially rival, partially excludable, ____________, or excludable _________.

Question 1 options:

private and public goods; rival but not excludable; but rival

primary goods; rival but not excludable; but not rival

private and public goods; rival but not excludable; but not rival

none of the other answers is correct.

primary goods; free riding but not excludable; but not rival

Question 2 (1 point)

The new consensus, in contrast to the Washington consensus, emerged initially in 1998 at the Summit __________________recognized that ____________ can be worse than___________.

Question 2 options:

of the Americas in Mexico D.F.; market failures; government failures

of the Americas in Santiago de Chile; market failures; government failures

of Africa in Nairobi; government failures; market failures

of Asia in Seoul; government failures; market failures

none of the other answers is correct.

Question 3 (1 point)

The Washington consensus is consistent with the view that _________would be taken care of by ____________and is not a major obstacle in itself to growth and development.

Question 3 options:

economic growth; anti-poverty programs

poverty in a country; anti-poverty programs

poverty in a country; economic growth

poverty in a country; income inequality

economic growth; income inequality

Question 4 (1 point)

A well-functioning market system depends on __________________and demarcated; procedures for establishing property rights and ___________them.

Question 4 options:

rule of law; expanding

property rights clearly established; transferring

public goods provision; protecting

property rights clearly established; expanding

Question 5 (2 points)

The Washington consensus

Question 5 options:

reflected a shift towards Neoliberalism and its suspicious view of government led policies for development.

reflected a consensus that came about from NAFTA.

did not always accord with realities in developing countries that were successful like South Korea and Taiwan.

reflected the rise of Structuralism as the dominant paradigm in development economics.

reflected a free market approach to development supported by the IMF, the World bank and key U.S. government agencies.

Question 6 (2 points)

Neoliberalism

Question 6 options:

Emphasizes markets as the only way towards economic development.

Is the same as neoclassical economics.

Views government failures as unavoidable.

Views developmental states as necessary for economic development.

Is consistent with Evans predatory view of states.

Assumes that less developed economies function within perfectly competitive markets

Question 7 (2 points)

Capabilities for an individual according to Sen's approach to development correspond to

Question 7 options:

Commodities possessed.

Positive freedoms achieved.

Negative freedoms achieved.

Functionings achieved.

Question 8 (2 points)

The elimination of corruption and improvement of governance is important for development because

Question 8 options:

it encourages the empowerment of women.

it reduces the labor in the agriculture-rural sector as the Lewis model predicts.

the effects of corruption fall disproportionately on the poor and are a major restraint on their ability to escape from poverty.

it can be viewed as part of an antipoverty strategy.

honest governments may promote growth and sustainably high incomes.

Question 9 (1 point)

Development economics must have a scope wider than traditional economics because

Question 9 options:

transformation of social institutions is necessary for development.

all of the other answers are correct.

people in developing societies do less utility-maximizing.

values and attitudes play a minor role in the pace of development of a country.

Question 10 (1 point)

According to Todaro and Smith people in the extreme poverty strata use the following as transportation:

Question 10 options:

Bicycle.

Motor-bike.

all of the other answers are correct.

Foot.

Question 11 (1 point)

In Sen's capability approach to development it can be concluded that an individual is developed if

Question 11 options:

the functionings an individual can aspire to attain are diverse.

all of the other answers are correct.

the real income of the individual is enhanced even if the functionings achieved are kept constant.

the capability set of the individual is expanded.

Question 12 (1 point)

Which of the following is in accordance to Sen's "Capability Approach" to development?

Question 12 options:

Capabilities are functionings that are achievable by an individual.

Income per capita is an appropriate measure of economic development.

Functionings are abilities people possess.

all of the other answers are correct.

Question 13 (1 point)

The World Bank classifies countries as more or less developed based on

Question 13 options:

the poverty rate.

the literacy rate.

the freedoms that individuals can attain.

all of the other answers are correct.

the level of income per capita.

Question 14 (1 point)

A model of that depicts the process of economic development as a structural transformation of an economy is

Question 14 options:

all of the other answers are correct.

Big Push model of Rosenstein-Rodan.

Solow model.

Lewis model.

Question 15 (1 point)

A definition of the meaning of development is the

Question 15 options:

elimination of absolute poverty.

expansion of capabilities and freedoms of a society.

all of the other answers are correct.

improvement in the quality of life.

Question 16 (1 point)

According to the Todaro and Smith textbook the following country has been called a case of "growth without development"

Question 16 options:

Thailand

Bangladesh

Pakistan

Brazil

Question 17 (1 point)

According to the World Bank's classification a country is classified as an Upper middle-income country (UMC) when its GNI per capita is:

Question 17 options:

none of the other answers is correct.

Between $996 and $3,896 in 2018.

Between $3,896 and $15,305 in 2018.

Between $3,896 and $12,055 in 2018.

More than $3,896.

Question 18 (1 point)

Development economics is the study of the

Question 18 options:

alleviation of absolute poverty.

allocation of resources in developing countries.

all of the other answers are correct.

structural transformation of institutions and an economy.

Question 19 (10 points)

Match the word or words to the appropriate definition using the bank of words. Note that more than one word can be associated with a definition.

Question 19 options:

	What people do or can do with the commodities of given characteristics that they come to possess or control
	A situation of being unable to meet the minimum levels of income, food clothing, health care, shelter and other essentials
	The increasing integration of national economies into expanding international markets
	End poverty in all its forms everywhere and end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
	An approach to economics that emphasizes utility, profit maximization, market efficiency and determination of equilibrium
	An economy in which production is mainly for personal consumption and the standard of living yields little more than basic necessities of life-food, shelter, and clothing
	The process of improving the quality of all human lives and capabilities by raising people's levels of living, self-esteem, and freedom
	The freedoms that people have, given their personal features and their command over commodities
	A deliberate and conscious attempt by the state to formulate decisions on how the factors of production will be allocated among different uses or industries, thereby determining how much of total goods and services will be produced in one or more ensuing periods.

1.	Capabilities
2.	Absolute Poverty
3.	Economic Planning
4.	Subsistence Economy
5.	Functionings
6.	Development
7.	Globalization
8.	Neoclassical Economics
9.	Economic Development
10.	Political Economy
11.	Less Developed Economies
12.	More Developed Economies
13.	Sustainable Development Goals

Question 20 (1 point)

Neoliberalism is a concept that is synonymous with that of Neoclassical economics.

Question 20 options:

	True
	False

Question 21 (1 point)

According to James Cypher an example of a developmental state is that of Taiwan while an example of a fragmented intermediate state is that of Brazil.

Question 21 options:

	True
	False

Question 22 (1 point)

Absolute poverty can decrease as income inequality increases in an economy.

Question 22 options:

	True
	False

Question 23 (1 point)

Wealth as a concept is different than that of Income because the former is measured in dollars at a specific point in time while the latter is measured in dollars per unit of time.

Question 23 options:

	True
	False

Question 24 (1 point)

The HDI measure of development is a geometric mean across indices of health, education and GNI per capita income.

Question 24 options:

	True
	False

Question 25 (1 point)

Embedded autonomy is a characteristic associated with that of the developmental state according to James Cypher.

Question 25 options:

	True
	False

Question 26 (1 point)

According to Todaro and Smith it has been increasingly recognized that development success depends not only on a vibrant private sector and an efficient public sector but on a vigorous citizen sector or Non-governmental organizations as well.

Question 26 options:

	True
	False

Question 27 (1 point)

According to the HDI report of 2021 Bangladesh has a higher HDI relative to Pakistan even though its income per capita, measured as GNI per capita, is lower.

Question 27 options:

	True
	False