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U se r e xp erie nce ( U X) d esig n s ig nif ic a ntly i n flu ence s h ow p eople i n te ra ct w it h d ig it a l p ro ducts a nd s e rv ic e s i n t o day’s e xtr e m ely c o m petit iv e m ark e t. C urre nt d esig n p ra ctic e s o fte n p erp etu ate h id den p riv ile ges, i n adve rte ntly c a te rin g t o a l im it e d d em ogra phic a nd e xclu din g m ost o th er t y p es o f u se rs . E m bra cin g d esig n j u stic e , i n clu siv it y , a nd a cce ssib ilit y i n U X d esig n p ra ctic e s i s e sse ntia l f o r d is m antlin g h id den p riv ile ges a nd f o ste rin g a m ore e quit a ble d ig it a l l a ndsca pe. B y i n co rp ora tin g d esig n j u stic e p rin cip le s a nd p rio rit iz in g i n clu siv it y a nd a cce ssib ilit y , U X d esig ners c a n c h alle nge t h ese p riv ile ges a nd c o ntr ib ute t o a m ore j u st o nlin e c o m munit y . M annan r a is e s t h e i s su e o f h id den p riv ile ge i n d esig n, a rg uin g t h at d esig ners o fte n c re ate p ro ducts a nd e xp erie nce s t h at c a te r p rim arily t o t h eir p ers o nal d em ogra phic , t h us e xclu din g a h uge p ortio n o f u se rs . T his e xclu sio n c a n t a ke v a rio us f o rm s, s u ch a s d esig ns t h at a re n ot c u lt u ra lly s e nsit iv e , d esig ns t h at a re n ot g ender-n eutr a l, o r d esig ns t h at a re n ot a cco m modatin g t o i n div id uals w it h d is a bilit ie s ( D orfe r). T o c h alle nge t h ese h id den p riv ile ges, U X a rc h it e cts m ust a ctiv e ly u nders ta nd a nd e m path iz e w it h t h e e xp erie nce s o f underr epresented u se rs , i n co rp ora tin g t h eir p ers p ectiv e s i n to t h eir d esig n p ro ce ss ( M annan). T his i n vo lv e s c o nductin g u se r r e se arc h w it h a r a nge o f p artic ip ants , e ngagin g i n o pen d ia lo gues, a nd c o lla bora tin g w it h c o m munit ie s t o e nsu re t h at t h eir v o ic e s a re h eard a nd t h eir n eeds a re m et. S ash a C osta nza -C hock i n tr o duce s t h e c o nce pt o f d esig n j u stic e a s a m eans t o a ddre ss p ow er i m bala nce s i n d esig n. D esig n j u stic e s e eks t o d is m antle t h e m atr ix o f d om in atio n, a s yste m p erp etu atin g i n equalit y t h ro ugh i n te rs e ctin g f o rm s o f o ppre ssio n ( C osta nza -C hock). B y i n te gra tin g d esig n j u stic e p rin cip le s i n to U X d esig n, d esig ners c a n a ctiv e ly w ork t o w ard s c re atin g d ig it a l e xp erie nce s t h at a ddre ss t h e n eeds a nd p ers p ectiv e s o f u nderre pre se nte d u se rs a nd c h alle nge h id den p riv ile ges. T his m ig ht i n vo lv e r e eva lu atin g d esig n s ta ndard s a nd p ra ctic e s, q uestio nin g a ssu m ptio ns a bout u se r n eeds, a nd i n co rp ora tin g u niq ue p ers p ectiv e s i n t h e d esig n p ro ce ss. A cce ssib le d esig n b enefit s n ot o nly u se rs w it h d is a bilit ie s b ut a ls o i m pro ve s t h e o ve ra ll e xp erie nce f o r a ll u se rs ( W harto n). E m bra cin g a nd e nco ura gin g a cce ssib ilit y i n U X d esig n i s a v e ry i m porta nt s te p i n c re atin g m ore i n clu siv e d ig it a l p ro ducts a nd f o ste rin g a m ore e quit a ble s o cie ty ( M orte nse n a nd S pille rs ). B y i n co rp ora tin g a cce ssib ilit y a s a c o re p rin cip le o f d esig n, U X a rc h it e cts c a n c re ate d ig it a l e xp erie nce s t h at c a te r t o a ll k in ds o f u se rs , u lt im ate ly c o ntr ib utin g t o a m ore i n clu siv e a nd a cce ssib le d ig it a l l a ndsca pe. T his i n clu des b ut i s n ot l im it e d t o e nsu rin g t h at d ig it a l p ro ducts a re c o m patib le w it h a ssis tiv e t e ch nolo gie s, p ro vid in g a lt e rn ativ e t e xt a nd c a ptio ns f o r m ult im edia c o nte nt, a nd d esig nin g u se r i n te rfa ce s t h at a re e asy t o n avig ate a nd u nders ta nd f o r i n div id uals w it h v a rio us a bilit ie s. N ie ls e n's " 1 0 H euris tic s f o r U se r I n te rfa ce D esig n" p ro vid es g uid elin es f o r c re atin g e ff e ctiv e a nd u se r-fr ie ndly i n te rfa ce s. T hese h euris tic s c a n s e rv e a s a f o undatio n f o r d esig ners t o b uild u pon a s t h ey i n co rp ora te d esig n j u stic e p rin cip le s a nd p rio rit iz e i n clu siv it y a nd a cce ssib ilit y i n t h eir p ra ctic e . B y d ra w in g f r o m N ie ls e n's h euris tic s t o a ddre ss t h e n eeds o f m arg in aliz e d u se rs , U X d esig ners c a n b ette r u nders ta nd a nd c h alle nge t h e h id den p riv ile ges i n d esig n t o c re ate a m ore e quit a ble s o cie ty . A s d esig ners w ork t o c re ate m ore i n clu siv e a nd a cce ssib le d ig it a l e xp erie nce s, i t i s i m porta nt t o r e co gniz e a nd a ddre ss t h e s yste m ic b ia se s t h at h ave b een i n gra in ed i n d esig n p ra ctic e s f o r h undre ds o f y e ars . C osta nza -C hock a nd M annan b oth e m phasiz e t h e n eed f o r d esig ners t o c rit ic a lly e xa m in e t h eir o w n a ssu m ptio ns a nd t h e p ow er d yn am ic s t h at h ave s h aped t h eir w ork . B y a ckn ow le dgin g a nd c o nfr o ntin g t h eir o w n b ia se s, d esig ners c a n e nsu re t h at t h eir c re atio ns b ette r c a te r t o t h e n eeds o f m arg in aliz e d c o m munit ie s. M orte nse n a nd S pille rs a lo ng w it h D orfe r, f u rth er e m phasiz e t h e i m porta nce o f i n vo lv in g u se rs w it h d iv e rs e b ackg ro unds i n t h e d esig n p ro ce ss, a s t h is c a n h elp u nco ve r h id den b arrie rs a nd i m pro ve t h e o ve ra ll a cce ssib ilit y o f y o ur d esig n. O nce y o u a re a ble t o u nders ta nd t h e e xp erie nce s o f m arg in aliz e d u se rs a nd a ddre ss t h eir n eeds a nd p ers p ectiv e s, U X d esig ners c a n c re ate d ig it a l p ro ducts t h at c a te r t o a ll u se rs , r a th er t h an j u st p eople l ik e t h em , u lt im ate ly c o ntr ib utin g t o a m ore i n clu siv e a nd a cce ssib le d ig it a l l a ndsca pe. T hro ugh a d elib era te f o cu s o n i n clu siv it y a nd a cce ssib ilit y , U X d esig ners c a n w ork t o w ard s d is m antlin g t h e m atr ix o f d om in atio n a nd e nsu re t h at d ig it a l p ro ducts a re b oth e quit a ble a nd u sa ble f o r a ll ( C osta nza -C hock).A s l o ng a s U X a rc h it e cts a re d evo te d, U X d esig n c a n c h alle nge h id den p riv ile ges a nd f o ste r a m ore i n clu siv e a nd a cce ssib le d ig it a l l a ndsca pe. B y i n co rp ora tin g d esig n j u stic e p rin cip le s, u nders ta ndin g a nd e m path iz in g w it h t h e e xp erie nce s o f u nderre pre se nte d u se rs , a nd e m bra cin g a cce ssib ilit y a s a c o re d esig n p rin cip le , U X d esig ners c a n c re ate d ig it a l p ro ducts t h at c a te r t o e ve ry o ne a nd c o ntr ib ute t o a m ore i n clu siv e a nd a cce ssib le d ig it a l e xp erie nce , a s w ell a s p ave t h e w ay f o r a m ore e quit a ble f u tu re o nlin e, a nd h opefu lly o ff lin e t o o.
W ork s C it e d:
“ D esig n f o r A ll: W hy I n clu sio n M atte rs i n B usin ess.” K now le dge a t W harto n , h ttp s://k n ow le dge.w harto n.u penn.e du/p o dca st/k n ow le dge-a t- w harto n-p o dca st/d esig n-fo r-a ll- w hy - in clu sio n-m atte rs -in -b usin ess/ . C osta nza -C hock, S ash a. “ D esig n J u stic e , A .I., a nd E sca pe f r o m t h e M atr ix o f D om in atio n.” J o D S , h ttp s://d sp ace .m it .e du/b it s tr e am /h andle /1 721.1 /1 23083/0 9792f0 3-3 1 69-4 a 92-b a db-4 9160f5 e57 e f.p df? se quence = 2 . D orfe r, T hom as A . “ T he V alu e o f D iv e rs it y i n T e ch .” M ediu m , T o w ard s D ata S cie nce , 2 0 D ec. 2 022, h ttp s://to w ard sd ata scie nce .c o m /th e-v a lu e -o f- d iv e rs it y -in -te ch -c 3 7 d3b0d60c7 . M annan, H are em . “ H um an-C ente re d D esig n S hould C onsid er A ll H um ans.” M ediu m , M ediu m , 1 2 A pr. 2 020, h ttp s://m ediu m .c o m /@ hare em /th e-h id den-p riv ile ge-in -d e sig n-4 1 5072d8a66 . M orte nse n, D it te H va s, a nd F ra nk S pille rs . “ 3 R easo ns W hy A cce ssib le D esig n I s G ood f o r A ll. ” T he I n te ra ctio n D esig n F oundatio n , I n te ra ctio n D esig n F oundatio n, 2 5 A pr. 2 023, h ttp s://w ww.in te ra ctio n-d esig n.o rg /lit e ra tu re /a rtic le /3 -re aso ns-w hy-a cce ssib le -d e sig n-is -g ood-fo r - a ll . W orld L eaders i n R ese arc h -B ase d U se r E xp erie nce . “ 1 0 U sa bilit y H euris tic s f o r U se r I n te rfa ce D esig n.” N ie ls e n N orm an G ro up , h ttp s://w ww.n ngro up.c o m /a rtic le s/te n-u sa bilit y -h e uris tic s/ .
