Project: Evidence Based Nutrient Analysis Project: Objectives: Students will: 1. Collect nutrient data and complete a computerized analysis of the data. 2. Use evidence based scientific r
SOC 101 Ch. 4 Socialization
Socialization- the process of learning the roles, statuses, and values necessary for participation in social institutions.
Internalization occurs when behaviors and assumptions are learned so thoroughly that people no longer question them, but simply accept them as correct.
Freud- Id, ego, superego
psychoanalytic theory places great importance on the internal unconscious processes of the human mind.
Social learning theory- considers the formation of identity to be a learned response to external social stimuli.
Structural Functionalism- Socialization benefits everyone and society.
Conflict theory- Socialization benefits those in power.
Symbolic Interaction theory-individuals construct self-concept within limits imposed by social structures and social relationships.
Looking glass self (Charles Horton Cooley)- is the process of learning to view ourselves as we think others view us.
We imagine how we appear to others
We imagine how others judge us based on those appearances
We ponder, internalize or reject those judgments
Role taking (George Herbert Mead) – is the process of putting oneself into the point of view of another.
Imitation stage- children merely copy the behavior of those around them.
Play stage - children begin to take on the roles of significant people in their environment, not just imitating but incorporating their relationship to the other.
Game stage- children begin to comprehend the system of social relationships in which they are located. The children not only see themselves from the perspective of a significant other, but also understand how people are related to each other and how others are related to them. Internalization takes place.
Generalized other – the abstract composite of social roles and social expectations.
example of community values and general social expectations that adds to their understanding of self.
Different for everyone depending on class, ethnicity, gender etc.
Social Interaction
Status-a recognizable social position that an individual occupies
Status set
Ascribed status
Achieved status
Master status
Role- the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status
Role strain- the incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status
Role conflict-the tension caused by competing demands between 2 or more roles pertaining to different statuses.
Social Control- the process by which groups and individuals within those groups are brought into conformity with dominant social expectations.
Agents of Socialization
Family
Peers
Schools
Mass media
Religion
Socialization through the life course
Primary Socialization
Anticipatory Socialization
Professional Socialization
Resocialization
Total institutions
Ageism- institutionalized practice of age prejudice and discrimination.
Age stratification
Disengagement theory, drawn from functionalism, predicts that as people age, they gradually withdraw from participation
Competition over scarce jobs (conflict)
Values and meanings assigned to different age groups
Social Construction of reality
Dramaturgical theory- the view of social life as a theatrical performance where we are actors on a stage with roles, scripts, costumes and sets.
Face- the esteem in which an individual is held by others
Ethnomethodology –(Harold Garfinkel)