the instructions are attached below please read them carefully this is an exam so no outside sources should be cited however you may use your knowledge for these short essays. Please choose any 2 out

Answer the following questions as directed. Please use complete sentences and proper punctuation. You should reference pertinent readings or lectures as appropriate. Answer only two of your choice for the following questions. Each question is worth 6.25 points.

1. The cost and impact of current 21st century civil wars are immense. One of these impacts is human migration. Please describe how human migration impacts conflict.

2. What is reconciliation and what are the primary components of it? Please describe the challenges to implementing reconciliation processes at the national, local and individual level.

3. What is liberal peacebuilding? What are the primary criticisms of it? What is an alternative to liberal peacebuilding? In your answer, please provide a detailed definition of the alternative to liberal peace theory.