See attached document for literature review instructions. Use attached beginning paragraph for reference. Use the following citation, plus ones attached (4): Best, L. M., & Shelley, D. J. (2018).

LITERATURE REVIEW 0

Maria L. Reid

Florida International University

1). Psychological Purpose

This paper serves several purposes, the first of which is helping you gain insight into research papers in psychology. As this may be your first time reading and writing papers in psychology, one goal of Paper I is to give you insight into what goes into such papers. This study one-lit review will help you a). better understand the psychology topic chosen for the course this semester (See note #3 below), b). learn about the various sections of an empirical research report by reading five peer-reviewed articles (that is, articles that have a Title Page, Abstract, Literature Review, Methods Section, Results Section, and References Page), and c). use information gathered from research articles in psychology to help support your hypotheses for your first study this semester. Of course, you’ll be doing a study two literature review later in the semester, so think of this Paper I as the first part of your semester long paper. I recommend looking at the example Paper V, actually, to see what your final paper will look like. It might give you a better idea about how this current paper (as well as Papers II, III, and IV) all fit together into your final paper of the semester.

In this current paper (Paper I), you will read five research articles, summarize what the authors did and what they found, and use those summaries to support your hypothesis. IMPORTANT: Yes you need five references, but keep in mind that you can spend a lot of time summarizing a few of them and just a sentence or two summarizing others. Thus, spend more time on the more relevant summaries!

For this paper, start your paper broadly and then narrow your focus (think about the hourglass example provided in the lecture). My suggestion is to give a brief overview of your paper topic in your opening paragraph, hinting at the research variables you plan to look at for study one. Your next paragraphs will review prior research (those five references required for this paper). Make sure that you draw connections between these references rather than just listing them. Use smooth transitions between paragraphs, and build a case that supports your study predictions. Your final paragraphs should use the research you just summarized to support your research hypothesis. And yes, that means you MUST include your study one predictions in Paper I (which we provided in the researcher instructions and the debriefing statement. Use them!). A good hint is to look at the literature reviews on the articles that you are using as references as you write your own paper! See what those authors did in their literature reviews, and mimic their style, though in Paper I you will with your hypothesis rather than moving into your study methods. In Paper II, you will pick the topic up again, but in that future paper you will talk about your own study methods and results.

2). APA Formatting Purpose

The second purpose of Paper I: Study One Literature Review is to teach you proper American Psychological Association (APA) formatting. In the instructions below, I tell you how to format your paper using APA style. There are a lot of very specific requirements in APA papers, so pay attention to the instructions below as well as your APA Formatting powerpoint presentation! Keep in mind that methods at FIU uses the 7th edition of the APA formatting manual.

3). Writing Purpose

Finally, this paper is intended to help you grow as a writer. Few psychology classes give you the chance to write papers and receive feedback on your work. This class will! We will give you extensive feedback on your first few paper in terms of content, spelling, and grammar. You will even be able to revise aspects of Paper I and include them in future papers (most notably Papers III and V). My hope is that you craft a paper that could be submitted to an empirical journal. Thus readers may be familiar with APA style but not your specific topic. Your job is to educate them on the topic and make sure they understand how your study design advances the field of psychology.

In fact, your final paper in this class (Paper V), might be read by another professor at FIU and not your instructor / lab assistant. Thus write your paper for that reader – a person who may know NOTHING about your topic and your specific study but is familiar with the mechanics of APA formatted papers and research methodology.

Note #1: The plagiarism limit for Paper I is 30%. This excludes any overlap your paper might have with regard to citations, references, and the hypotheses. Make sure your paper falls under 30% (or 35% if including your predictions).

Note #2: I am looking for 2.5 pages minimum for Paper I, including your study predictions, but that is the bare minimum. If it is only 2 pages, it better be really, really good (as I don’t think I could write Paper I in less than three pages and do the research topic justice, so aim for 3 to 4 pages).

Note #3: Although the study topic changes each semester, these paper instructions remain the same. The topic for this particular semester will be discussed in class and in Lab as well as posted in the modules and the relevant assignments. If you have any doubts, questions or concerns, ask Prof Reid, or your TA.

Instructions for Paper I: Study One Literature Review (Worth 25 Points)

Students: Below are lengthy instructions on how to write your study one literature review. There is also a checklist at the end of this document, which I recommend you print out and “check off” before submitting your final paper (Your graders are sticklers for APA format, so make sure it is correct! We mark off if you have a misplaced “&”, so carefully review all of your work and use the checklist! It WILL help you get a good grade). Also look at the example paper in Canvas. It will show you what we expect. We use the 7th Edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association for all paper formatting in this class (though note that we adhere to the professional paper formatting, not the separate student formatting version also present in the APA publication manual).

1. 1. Title Page: I expect the following format. (5 Points)

You must have a header and page numbers on each page.

1. 1. 1. 1. If you don’t know how to insert headers, ask your instructor or watch this very helpful video! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZTCN6yOgSg

         2. The header goes at the top of the paper and it is left justified.

            1. 1. Use “Insert Headers” or click on the top of the page to open the header. Alternatively, click anywhere at the top of the page and it should open the headers.

               2. Your header title is simply a shortened version of your original title. Pull a few relevant words from your title (no more than 3) Just make sure that it is in ALL CAPS. It should be no more than 50 characters including spaces and punctuation

               3. Insert a page number as well. The header is flush left, but the page number is flush right. The page number for the title page is 1.

               4. This same header will appear on every page of your document including the title page.

      2. Want an example header? Look at the title page of these instructions! You can use other titles depending on your own preferences (e.g. PRIMING SEXUALITY; PRIMING STUDIES; SOCIAL MEDIA AND SEX; FACEBOOK AND ADVERTISEMENTS; etc.).

   2. Your Title itself should be midway up the page. Again, see my “Title” page on the first page of this current document as an example of the placement, but for your title you must come up with a title that helps describe your study one. Do NOT put “Paper One” or a variation of “Literature Review” for your title. Rather, think about the titles you saw in PsycInfo. Titles need to let the reader know what YOUR paper involves, so make your title descriptive. You title should be about a line long.

      1. Your title must also be in bold text. Make sure that every word with four or more letters starts with a capital letter. You can use lower-case letters for words like “and”, “with”, “the”, but in general start each title word with a capital letter. Follow this with two spaces

   3. Your name (First and Last) and the name of your institution (FIU) are beneath the title. For this class, your own name (and ONLY your name) will go on this paper. Double space everything!

      1. You can also refer to the APA Format powerpoint for guidance, though I suggest looking at the example papers. There is one from a prior student in this course and one based on a document provided by the APA. Both have comments and notes to direct you toward correct formatting.

   4. This Title Page section will be on page 1

1. Abstract?

   1. You DO NOT need an abstract for Paper I. In fact, because your abstract needs to summarize your study results, you cannot write it until you run your studies. So omit the abstract until you get to Paper V.

1. Literature Review Section (12 points)

   1. First page of your literature review (Page 2)

      1. Proper header with page numbers. Your running head title will appear in the header of your page WITHOUT the phrase “Running head”. To insert this header, use the headers program.

      2. The title of your paper should be on the first line of page two, centered. It is IDENTICAL to the title on your title page. Just copy and paste it!

      3. The beginning text for your paper follows on the next line

   2. Citations for the literature review

      1. Your paper must cite a minimum of five (5) empirical research articles that are based on studies conducted in psychology. That is, each of the three citations you use should have a literature review, a methods section, a results section, a conclusion/discussion, and references.

         1. For this first paper, you MUST use at least three of the five articles provided in the blackboard folder. You can use four if you like, but your must use three at minimum – however, you cannot use all five. For that fifth article, you must find it using PsycInfo. There are some other conditions for this fifth article that you must follow:

            1. First, remember that the fifth article cannot be any of the five you have been given.

            2. Second, for your fifth article, it can be based on a wide variety of topics, etc. Trust me, there are TONS of topics that can help you in your paper. Just choose one that will help you support your experimental hypothesis for your study. That is, it has to help you justify your study one hypothesis (all students are using this same hypothesis, so make sure to read it. You can find it in the researcher instructions along with the questionnaires you are giving to participants. I actually suggest copying and pasting that hypothesis into this first paper at the end).

            3. Finally, you can have more than five references if you want, but you must have a minimum of five references.

      2. Proper citations must be made in the paper – give credit where credit is due, and don’t make claims that cannot be validated.

      3. If you use a direct quote, make sure to provide a page number for where you found that quote in the citations. Do not directly quote too often, though. You can have no more than one direct quote in the whole paper (though zero quotes would be even better). Instead, I would like you to paraphrase when possible.

   3. Requirements for the information in your literature review

      1. Your study one literature review should use prior research as a starting point, narrowing down the main theme of your specific project – think about the hourglass example I gave in class.

      2. The last part of your literature review should narrow down your focus onto your own study, eventually ending in your study hypothesis. However, DO NOT go into specific details about your methods. You will talk about your specific methods in Paper II in a few weeks.

      3. Again, to make it clear, at the end of your paper you will give an overview of your research question, providing your specific predictions/hypotheses.

   4. The literature review must have minimum of two (2) full pages NOT INCLUDING THE HYPOTHESES. It has a maximum of five (5) pages (thus, with the title page and references page, the paper should be between 4.5 and 7 pages). If it is only four and a half pages (again, including the hypotheses), it better be really, really good. I don’t think I could do this paper justice in fewer than five pages, so if yours isn’t at least five pages I doubt it will get a good grade.

2. References (6 points)

   1. The References section starts on its own page, with the word References centered and bold. Use proper APA format in this section or you will lose points.

   2. All five references that you cited in the literature review must be in this section (there should be more than five references here if you cited more than five articles, which is fine in this paper). However, at least three must come from the article folder on blackboard while the remaining two can come from either the last blackboard paper or two new ones from psychinfo. Only peer-reviewed articles are allowed here (no books, journals, websites, or other secondary resources are allowed for paper one).

   3. For references, make sure you:

      1. use alphabetical ordering (start with the last name of the first author)

      2. use the authors’ last names but only the initials of their first/middle name

      3. give the date in parentheses – e.g. (2007).

      4. italicize the name of the journal article

      5. give the volume number, also in italics

      6. give the page numbers (not italicized) for articles

      7. provide the doi (digital object identifier) if present (not italicized)

3. Writing Quality (2 Points)

   1. This includes proper grammar and spelling.

The above information is required for your paper, but I wanted to provide a few tips about writing your literature review as well. Students often struggle with the first paper, but hopefully this will give you some good directions:

• First, remember that you need 5 references, all of which MUST be peer-reviewed (three coming from the blackboard folder and one or two that you find on your own using PsycInfo).

• Second, I don't expect a lengthy discussion for each and every article that you cite. You might spend a page talking about Article A and a sentence or two on Article B. The amount of time you spend describing an article you read should be proportional to how important it is in helping you defend your hypotheses. See if there is a prior study that looks a lot like yours (hint – there is at least one, which I based this study on, but you’ll have to find it on your own!). I would expect you to spend more time discussing that prior research since it is hugely relevant to your own study. If an article you read simply supports a global idea that ties into your study but has very different methods (like "frustrated people get mad!"), you can easily mention it in a sentence or two without delving into a lot of detail. Tell a good story in your literature review, but only go into detail about plot elements that have a direct bearing on your study!

• Third, this paper is all about supporting your hypotheses. Know what your hypotheses are before you write the paper, as it will help you determine how much time to spend on each article you are citing. My suggestion is to spend some time describing the nature of your topic, and then talking about studies that looked at this area. Use those studies to help defend your own study hypothesis. That is, “Since they found X in this prior study, that helps support the hypothesis in the present study”. Do you remember your two hypotheses? Okay, I’ll be really helpful here. BELOW are your hypotheses. In your paper, support it! Just remember that the rest of your paper needs to be at least two full pages NOT INCLUDING the hypothesis below. In other words, including the hypotheses below, your actual text for your paper should be at least two and a half pages!

• • Look at the researcher instructions for Study One for the hypotheses

• Finally, make sure to proofread, proofread, proofread! Good luck!

Checklist – Paper One: Study One Literature Review

Use the check sheet below to make sure your paper is the best it can be! Make sure you answer “Yes” to all questions before submitting your paper or you will lose points!