Need help with my Variables and Design Elements research. This is part of my research project. Information attached. The annotated bibliography is already done and attached for reference. Must be 0%

Archelle Johnson

November 4, 2023

Spring 2023

DHA 808

Parkinson's Disease Annotated Bibliography

Original research question: Can the loss of taste in Parkinson’s disease be preventable or reversible?

Refined research question: How does the presence of other comorbidities, such as hyposmia or dysphagia, influence the potential preventability or reversibility of taste loss in Parkinson's disease, and can multidisciplinary approaches be effective in addressing these interconnected symptoms

Auffret, M., Meuric, V., Boyer, E., Bonnaure-Mallet, M., & Vérin, M. (2021). Oral health disorders in Parkinson’s disease: more than meets the eye. Journal of Parkinson's disease, 11(4), 1507-1535.

This article explores the often-ignored relationship between PD and dental health. It examines how physical symptoms such as aberrant posture, muscle tone, tremor, and dyskinesia, as well as behavioral and iatrogenic patterns, affect Parkinson's disease patients' oral health. Oral health diseases may cause infections, discomfort, malnutrition, and lower quality of life, which can cause concern, depression, and communication problems (Auffret et al., 2021). The study stresses interdisciplinary teamwork and early intervention to prevent and manage oral health issues in Parkinson's disease patients. According to the article, the oral cavity may produce biomarkers and help diagnose and prognose PD. This comprehensive review stresses the relevance of dental health in Parkinson's disease and calls for interdisciplinary study.

Deeb, W., Nozile-Firth, K., & Okun, M. S. (2019). Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and appreciation of comorbidities. Handbook of clinical neurology, 167, 257-277.

According to Deeb et al. (2019), PD is complicated and requires accurate diagnosis, comorbidities, and nonmotor symptoms. It stresses Parkinson's disease's motor symptoms. However, contemporary Movement Disorders Society diagnostic standards recognize nonmotor symptoms' relevance. The chapter emphasizes nonmotor symptoms' impact on patient quality of life (Deeb et al., 2019). It also offers medical and surgical treatments, using levodopa as the gold standard. Since Parkinson's disease is multisystem, it underlines the need of an interdisciplinary patient-centered approach and addressing comorbidities and connected symptoms for best therapy

Kalf, J. G., De Swart, B. J. M., Bloem, B. R., & Munneke, M. (2012). Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 18(4), 311-315.

PD's prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia is examined in this meta-analysis. The scientists found that prevalence rates varied widely after a thorough literature review. The pooled prevalence of subjective dysphagia in Parkinson's disease patients was 35%, whereas the objective prevalence was 82%. The combined prevalence of subjective and objective dysphagia in non-PD control groups was 9% and 23% (Kalf et al., 2012). Dysphagia is common in Parkinson's disease, and patients generally underreport symptoms, emphasizing the need for proactive clinical examination and management, particularly given the potential clinical consequences. Understand how comorbidities like dysphagia affect taste loss in Parkinson's disease and how multidisciplinary therapy are needed to control associated symptoms.

Oppo, V., Melis, M., Melis, M., Tomassini Barbarossa, I., & Cossu, G. (2020). “Smelling and tasting” Parkinson's disease: Using senses to improve the knowledge of the disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 12, 43.

PD's sensory symptoms, especially smell and taste abnormalities, may explain it. Olfactory impairment often precedes motor symptoms by years and may signal Parkinson's disease early on. Smell and PD are well-linked (Oppo et al., 2020). Taste may develop later and include the cortex. The research identified a family link between taste impairment and Parkinson's disease, emphasizing the necessity to examine taste and smell dysfunction early in diagnosis and etiology. This insight offers a multidisciplinary strategy to treating Parkinson's disease comorbidities including hyposmia and taste loss.

Othieno, F., Schlosser, R. J., Rowan, N. R., Storck, K. A., Mattos, J. L., Smith, T. L., & Soler, Z. M. (2018, July). Taste impairment in chronic rhinosinusitis. In International forum of allergy & rhinology (Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 783-789).

Taste impairment, olfactory dysfunction, and quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients are examined in this research. Sour taste was most impacted in 28% of CRS patients with dysgeusia. Taste assessments were unrelated to objective olfactory measures, indicating that CRS patients may have separate taste and olfactory abnormalities (Othieno et al., 2018). Taste impairment was linked to age, smoking, and maleness. Taste dysfunction did not alter illness severity or patient outcomes. This material explains how hyposmia and dysphagia may impact Parkinson's disease taste loss and emphasizes collaborative therapy.

Roos, D. S., Oranje, O. J., Freriksen, A. F., Berendse, H. W., & Boesveldt, S. (2018). Flavor perception and the risk of malnutrition in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neural Transmission, 125, 925-930.

In this preliminary study, the researchers look at whether or not Parkinson's disease (PD) patients' impaired sense of taste increases their likelihood of becoming hungry. 63 individuals with Parkinson's disease participated in the study by completing a dietary risk assessment and olfactory and gustatory tests. Patients with Parkinson's disease were more likely to have hyposmia (68.3%) than hypogeusia (6.3%), according to a recent study. There was a correlation between olfactory function and body mass index, suggesting that hyposmia may contribute to weight loss and increase the risk of malnutrition in people with Parkinson's disease. Gastronomic ability was not linked to body mass index in any substantial way. The findings of this research highlight the need of interdisciplinary approaches in treating the complex symptoms and nutritional risks associated with Parkinson's disease, including hyposmia and other comorbidities, which may contribute to taste loss.

Santiago, J. A., Bottero, V., & Potashkin, J. A. (2017). Biological and clinical implications of comorbidities in Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 9, 394.

This article discusses co-occurring disorders and their possible relevance in Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkinson's disease is linked to diabetes, depression, anemia, and cancer. Neuroprotective effects of diabetes and cancer drugs are investigated in mice models of Parkinson's disease (Santiago et al., 2014). It emphasizes Parkinson's disease comorbidities and the therapeutic potential of personalized treatment approaches. In Parkinson's disease, comorbidities including hyposmia and dysphagia may cause taste loss. Interdisciplinary research is needed.

Suttrup, I., & Warnecke, T. (2016). Dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia, 31(1), 24-32.

About 80% of Parkinson's patients have dysphagia. Dysphagia may hinder medication delivery, cause malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia, and lower Parkinson's disease patients' quality of life. The article says Parkinson's dysphagia involves dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic circuits. It explores Parkinson's disease dysphagia clinical diagnosis problems and includes tools and questionnaires to measure oropharyngeal dysphagia (Suttrup & Warnecke, 2016). Pharmacological and SLT therapies for dysphagia in Parkinson's disease are also examined, as well as potential clinical research patients. This clarifies how dysphagia impacts Parkinson's taste loss and interdisciplinary therapy.

Wang, X., Zeng, F., Jin, W. S., Zhu, C., Wang, Q. H., Bu, X. L., ... & Wang, Y. J. (2017). Comorbidity burden of patients with Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonism between 2003 and 2012: A multicentre, nationwide, retrospective study in China. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1671.

This Chinese statewide retrospective research investigates PD and Parkinsonism patients' comorbidities, revealing their health. Over 10 years, seven Chinese tertiary institutions researched many PD and Parkinsonism patients. Comorbidity load was estimated using Elixhauser and Charlson indices. The study found that Parkinsonism patients were older, had more comorbidities, and spent more on healthcare (Wang et al., 2017). The research shows how hyposmia and dysphagia may affect taste loss in Parkinson's disease by disclosing health and comorbidity burdens. It emphasizes multimodal Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism treatment.

Xiao, Q., Chen, S., & Le, W. (2014). Hyposmia: a possible biomarker of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience bulletin, 30, 134-140.

This article examines hyposmia, or reduced olfactory sensitivity, a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that often appears years before motor symptoms. It highlights the over 90% incidence of hyposmia in early-stage Parkinson's disease and suggests that it may signal a higher risk of the condition (Xiao et al., 2014). The article stresses the need of studying hyposmia and Parkinson's disease to understand pathogenic pathways. This information helps explain how hyposmia, a comorbidity, may impact taste loss in Parkinson's disease, suggesting that it may be a biomarker and that multidisciplinary treatment is needed for associated symptoms.