Write a 8-10 page (of text --this page requirement does not include cover page or references) typed double spaced paper that applies a specific theory to a communication event/ artifact (worth 200 poi

Annotated Bibliography

Arnett, R. (2007). Interpretive inquiry is qualitative Communication Research. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 8(1), 29–35. https://doi-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/10.1080/17459430701617887

This article provides a comprehensive understanding of interpretive inquiry as a research methodology within communication studies. Arnett prompts the research question, "How can interpretive inquiry be effectively employed as a qualitative research method in the realm of communication studies?" While examining this question, the author explores the theoretical foundations and practical applications of interpretive inquiry within communication research. The method used in the article is primarily a literature review and theoretical analysis of interpretive inquiry and qualitative research. Arnett critically examines existing literature and theoretical frameworks related to interpretive inquiry, looking at and exploring the works of other scholars, like Clifford Geertz and others. Arnett highlights the importance of narrative, understanding, and interpretation in communication research, emphasizing the significance of context and the researcher's subjectivity in the research process. The article ultimately contributes to the advancement of qualitative communication research by clarifying the foundations and applications of interpretive inquiry and providing scholars and practitioners with valuable insights into this research methodology. From Arnett's findings, a significant portion of his article can be used throughout my research. Although the author does not go into a hermeneutic theory in depth, he looks at interpretive inquiry as quantitative research, which prompts a research question and then answers the question in three stages: responsive, public discourse, and public evidence approach. Based on those three stages, we get to acknowledge the question, the text, and the manner of making sense of the overall argument.

Buzzanell, P. M. (2010) Resilience: talking, resisting, and imagining new normalcies into being. Journal of Communication, 60(1), 1–14. https://doi-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01469.x

The article explores the concept of resilience in the context of communication and social change. The author asks, "How do individuals and communities use communication practices to resist and reimagine new normalcies in times of crisis and change?"

The author uses a qualitative research method, explicitly utilizing in-depth interviews and discourse analysis of diverse groups of individuals. They analyzed the content of these interviews to understand how people talk about and enact resilience in the face of significant challenges and disruptions. This approach allows researchers to understand how people resist dominant narratives and imagine alternative possibilities. Through the qualitative analysis of interviews and discourse, the study reveals that people actively engage in communication practices to resist prevailing norms and envision new, more adaptive "normalcies" during times of crisis. The research demonstrates that communication plays a significant role in shaping and navigating the process of resilience as individuals and communities challenge existing power structures and imagine alternative futures. The study highlights the significance of language and communication in facilitating social change and fostering resilience in adversity. In the article, the main focal point is resilience, which forces significant changes or disruptions that can happen in people's lives. The author also tackles the subject of resisting norms to cope with those tough times. These findings can apply to my research by focusing on how the resistance of society and cultural norms can also have a significant impact on how one's perspective can change. Unlike other articles tackling how people accept the changes happening, this article looks at how, although those changes are present, people don't have to conform to them.

Geertz, C. (1973). The growth of culture and the evolution of the mind. In C. Geertz (Ed.), The Interpretation of Culture: Selected Essays (pp. 55–83), Basic Books, Inc.

In Chapter 3 of "The Interpretation of Cultures" by Clifford Geertz, titled "The Growth of Culture and the Evolution of Mind," the central research question and hypothesis revolve around the relationship between culture and the human mind. Geertz aims to understand how culture shapes and influences the evolution of human cognition and behavior. Geertz uses the method of interpretive anthropology, also known as thick description, which involves putting oneself in a particular cultural context, conducting in-depth fieldwork, and analyzing the intricate layers of meaning within that culture. It focuses on understanding the symbols, rituals, and narratives that give meaning to people's lives. He utilizes detailed ethnographic accounts to uncover the intricate interplay between culture and the human mind. Geertz's research shows that the human mind is deeply intertwined with the symbolic systems and cultural contexts in which individuals are situated. These understanding challenge the traditional views of culture as an overlay of human nature and underlines its role in shaping human behavior and cognition. Geertz's work thus contributes significantly to comprehending the relationship between culture and the evolution of the human mind. Through this chapter, Geertz focuses on how culture can shape human behavior and cognitions. While looking at this article, I gained a deeper understanding of the human mind and how culture and human nature can go hand in hand. I can use Geertz's' findings in my research by looking at how behavior and cognitions can change over time due to cultural shifts. This can be applied not only to how humor changes culturally but also to what is viewed as acceptable in the public eye.

Geertz, C. (1983). The way we think now is toward an ethnography of modern thoughts. In C. Geertz (Ed.), Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology (pp. 147–163) Basic Books, Inc.

In Chapter 7, titled "The Way We Think Now: Toward an Ethnography of Modern Thought," in Clifford Geertz's seminal work "Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology," the author examines contemporary thought processes and the challenges they pose for ethnography. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the question of how anthropologists can effectively study and interpret the intricate workings of modern thought within a cultural and historical context. Geertz seeks to understand how to adapt traditional ethnographic methods to the complexities of modern societies, where thought and meaning are shaped by various factors, including technological advancements and globalization. Geertz emphasizes the importance of recognizing that the understanding of contemporary thought must rely on more than traditional ethnographic tools. Geertz's method involves a deep engagement with philosophical and epistemological questions, as well as an exploration of the challenges faced by anthropologists in interpreting modern thought. The result of this method calls for anthropologists to adapt their approach to the study of contemporary thought by recognizing the evolving nature of human cognition in a rapidly changing world. Geertz challenges scholars to rethink their ethnographic methods and consider how they can engage with and interpret the complexities of contemporary thought in a technologically advanced society. Through Geertz's research, he focuses on how thoughts and meanings are shaped by the significant changes happening in society. This can contribute to my research by providing another outlook on how one's thought process can change over time and how outside factors can impact how people view specific topics.

Kohl, J., & Eubanks, T. (2008). A systems-based interpretive planning model that links culturally constructed place meanings and conservation Journal of Interpretation Research, 13(2), 59–74. https://doi-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/10.1177/109258720801300205

The research conducted focuses on developing a systems-based interpretive planning model that establishes a link between culturally constructed place meanings and conservation efforts. There is no specific question being asked, but the method used in this research is an interdisciplinary approach that combines elements of cultural geography, environmental psychology, and conservation planning. The authors use both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. The authors conducted ethnographic fieldwork to understand the cultural significance of a specific place to local communities. They applied ecological and environmental science principles to assess the conservation needs of the same area. The researchers also conducted surveys, interviews, and participatory mapping techniques to gather data on cultural values and ecological characteristics. This method resulted in the development of a comprehensive and adaptable systems-based interpretive planning model. This model integrates cultural and environmental perspectives, allowing for a holistic understanding of a place's significance and developing conservation strategies that respect and incorporate these cultural meanings. Overall, the study states the importance of considering cultural perspectives in conservation, leading to more successful and culturally sensitive conservation initiatives. These findings can contribute to my research by providing a new method to approach my findings, which opens the door to a different way of collecting data. I could interview or survey a wide range of people and see how their responses differ, looking at social and cultural values.

Latzoo, C. (2021). Communicative Resilience as Interpretive Response: An Existential-Phenomenology of Reintegration Southern Communication Journal, 86(3), 189–200. https://doi-org.libproxy.library.unt.edu/10.1080/1041794X.2021.1901303

Throughout the article, the author explores the concept of communicative resilience within the context of reintegration. Latzoo aims to investigate how individuals who have experienced significant life disruptions or transitions employ existential-phenomenological approaches to cope with and make sense of their experiences during reintegration. Although the author does not explicitly state a question, there is a given method. The method used in this article is existential phenomenology, which is a qualitative research approach. This method typically involves in-depth interviews, participant observation, and the analysis of personal narratives. Existential phenomenology allows researchers to explore the depths of human experiences and the meanings people attach to them. Researchers use open-ended interviews and thematic analysis to uncover the existential and phenomenological aspects of their reintegration journey, including the role of communication in coping and sense-making. The purpose of this method is to gain a deeper understanding of how individuals employ communicative resilience to navigate the challenges of reintegration, shedding light on the existential and phenomenological aspects of their experiences. The study displays themes related to identity, relationships, and personal growth during the reintegration process, ultimately contributing to the broader literature on resilience and existential-phenomenological research in life transitions. This article and the authors' descriptions and examples of the existential-phenomenological approach help my research by giving me another approach to viewing the cultural significance and the changes of humor over time by looking at individuals. This approach would enable more in-depth reasoning on why certain things that would've been accepted humor-wise ten years ago aren't taken now and see how that can affect one specifically.