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1 PHI 108 CASE RESOLUTION MODEL (CRM ) FORM {Insert blank space as needed for responses.} I. Size -up the case (a) List the stakeholders (include individuals, groups, professions, institutions , communities …) (b) Identify the point of view you are adopting: ________________ (c) How serious is the moral problem? ( Circle answer ) 1 2 3 4 5 {1=minor; 3=average; 4=significant; 5=risk of serious physical or mental harm} (d) How quickly must the case be resolved? ( Circle answer . This question is about urgency .) 1 2 3 4 5 {1=can let it go for quite a while; 4=must resolve in a few days; 5=must resolve right now} II. Apply moral values (a) Wh ich values are important in the case and how do they apply ? ( If a value applies, write a paragraph on how it applies .) Integrity Commitment Honesty Loyalty Responsibility {Integrity requires a constant and consistent commitment to moral principles.} Respect for persons Justice Fairness {Respect for persons commonly enters a case through rights or the concept of autonomy.} Beneficence (BENE) and non -maleficence (NM) Compassion {Compassion is an emotion as well as something value d. Compassion is a sub -value under NM because it is the desire to prevent or stop suffering.} 2 (b) Which moral values conflict in this case? (Remember that there wouldn’t be a moral issue if moral values were not in conflict. ) {Examples illustrating the schema t o use for describ ing moral value conflicts: [Respect for persons (Bob’s right to liberty) vs. NM (the harm Bob is doing to his neighbors)], [ NM (toward Millie) vs. NM (toward Millie’s spouse)]} III. Identify available options (a) List 4 or more simple (one step) o ptions. (State options as complete sentences. ) 1. 2. 3. 4. {Include all options that are worthy of serious consideration. Do not include unrealistic or implausible options. Do not include options that are only insignificantly different from others.} (b) Can you combine any of the above options listed in (a)? Construct a t least one such option by listing the numbers for those options in (a) that can be combined. (When choosing options in Sections III- VIII, you may chose this fifth option. Remember that multi -step options are often the best options. ) 5. Step s: _________ ___ Does the order in which you perform these steps matter ? Yes __ No__ IV. Apply concept of consequences: How would an act utilitarian think about this case ? (a) Which option from your list of options in III(a and b) would an act utilitarian pick : _____ (b) List 2 positive consequences of this choice. (2 -3 sentences each consequence .) 1. 2. {Select the most significant consequences in (b) and (c). Select only consequences that have a good chance of happening. Be sure to list the sorts of things that a utilitarian would consider as consequences —results that are experienced by stakeholders as good or bad.} (c) List up to 2 negative consequences of this choice. (2-3 sentences each consequence .) 1. 2. (d) Write a paragraph explaining why you think the chosen option is better than the others on your list from a utilitarian point of view. {Talk like an act utilitarian here! Argue that the option you picked in (a) has the best chance of good over bad consequences. Stress the weighing of consequences. } 3 V. Apply concept s of fundamental and non -fundamental rights : How would a rights theorist think about this case? (a) Which option from your list of options in III(a and b) best respects people’s rights : __________ (b) What fundamental rights are involved? (List up to 2 rights and write 2-3 sentences about how each applies . This question is about fundamental rights, not natural rights .) 1. 2. {Avoid idiosyncratic candidates for fundamental rights! Stick to rights, and names of rights, that are a common topic of discussion. Remember that fundamental rights apply to all. Everybody has a fundamental right, and everybody else is obliged to honor it. Examples: right to pursue happiness, right to a fair trial .} (c) What non -fundamental rights are involved? (List up to 2 rights and write 2-3 sentences about how each applies . Note that everyone agrees that all non -fundamental rights are contractual rights ) 1. 2. {A non -fundamental right is a right some owe to some others as a result of an explicit or implicit agreement among the parties. Note that even though non -fundamental rights are different from fundamental rights, they can still be very closely related to specific fundamental rights.} (d) Write a paragraph explaining why you think the chosen option is better than the others on your list from a rights point of view. {Talk like a rights theorist here! Stress the concept of a right. Argue that the option you picked in (a) does the best job of honoring the rights at stake in the case. } VI. How would an Aristotelian virtue theorist think about this case? (a) Identify the option from your list of options in III(a and b) that is best from a virtue theorist viewpoint : __________ (b) List the virtues and vices exhibited by the characters involved in the case. (Identify up to 3 virtues and/or vices and the characters who exhibit them . 1 sentence on each .) 1. 2. 3. {Name the virtues and vices you list. If the virtue or vice has a common name, like “honesty,” use it. If you have trouble thinking up of a common name, make up a name using the “being” locution. Example: “being responsible.” } (c) Write a paragraph explaining why you think the chosen option is better than the others on your list at promoting human flourishing ? {Discuss the flourishing of all stakeholders involved, including communities .} 4 (d) Write a paragraph explaining why you think the chosen option shows more practical wisdom better than the others on your list. {When discussing practical wisdom, talk about things like : 1) important facts that an attuned person or a person with good self knowledge would know ; 2) knowing where the golden mean lies; and 3) what a person skilled at resolving moral problems would know to do (or to NOT do) .} VII. How would a Kantian think about this case? (a) Identify the option from your list of options in III (a and b) that is best from Kant’s viewpoint: __________ (b) State the maxim you would be using to guide your action if you were to choose this option: {A good way to word a maxim is to start with “I will.”} (c) Universalize (i.e., strongly universalize) the maxim in (b) as Kant would to apply the FUL test : {A good way to word a universalized maxim is to start with “ I will that e veryone must ,” “Every police officer will s that everyone must ”…} (d) Test the universalized maxim in (c) against The Formula of Universal Law . (3 -4 sentences. This question is about the universalizability of your chosen option.) {To show that your maxim passes th e FUL test, argue that rational beings can will that it be followed as a universal law .} (e) Test the maxim in (b) against The Formula of the End in Itself . (3 -4 sentences ) {To show that your maxim passes the FEI test, argue that no one’s would be used as a mere means to the actor’s ends if the actor were to use the maxim as a guide for action. Argue that your maxim is permissible because it avoids manipulation and respects autonom y.} VIII. Choose an op tion and justify your choice (a) Identify the option from your list in III(a and b) you would choose : __________ {IMPORTANT: You r choice of option here in Part VIII must grow out of and build upon the analysis presented in Parts I -VII. Remember that t he more you picked an option during your moral theory analysis in Parts IV -VII, the more sense it makes to pick it here in Part VIII. } (b) Engage in a summary form of seeking reflective equilibrium . Argue that your choice does a good job of weighing and balancing the different morally -relevant considerations raised by 1) your moral value analysis in Part II and by 2) your moral theory analysis presented in Parts IV -VII . When discussing different morally -relevant considerations, identify the moral theories we studied (and you thought about in Parts IV -VII) that helped you to determine their relative importance in the case. (at least one exte nded paragraph) {If you can support an option from several di vergent theoretical viewpoints, you can argue that your option has a strong plural grounding . If an option is consistent with the different morally -relevant considerations raised by different moral theories, the option is strongly supported. Keep in mind, however, that it is not always reasonable to think that different moral theories will agree about what should be done. When different theories present conflicting analyses, you are forced into a position of a rguing that the morally - relevant considerations raised by some theories outweigh those raised by others. }