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Instructions for assignment: Try a Resource Learning Activity
The following resources have been selected for you to explore because they best align with your objectives for this assignment. Keep in mind that the Writing Center and the University of Arizona Global Campus Library have many additional resources available to you, which you are also encouraged to explore:
Paper ReviewLinks to an external site.
24/7 Writing TutoringLinks to an external site.
GrammarlyLinks to an external site.
PresentationsLinks to an external site.
Writing A PaperLinks to an external site.
University of Arizona Global Campus 24/7 Library Tutoring, available via the library homepage (review the Accessing Library Tutoring with TutorMeLinks to an external site. tip sheet for support)
University of Arizona Global Campus Library TutorialsLinks to an external site.
To complete this learning activity,
Select a section of your Comparative Human Experience final project that you have composed in a draft form (approximately two to three paragraphs in length or one page). It does not have to be finalized or edited.
After examining the resources above, select at least two resources that you will use to help you improve your final project.
Use the resources you have selected to edit the section of your final project you have drafted. Work on your draft using the insight gained from the resources at the Writing Center or the University of Arizona Global Campus Library.
In an initial post of at least 250 words, explain what elements of your draft you thought needed improvement prior to using the Writing Center or the University of Arizona Global Campus Library supports. As part of your post, address these issues:
Identify which resources you chose to examine and explain why you decided to use them.
Explain how you used the resources you chose to improve your work.
Identify what elements of your work are now stronger after using these resources.
Would you use these resources again in future work? Why or why not? What would you tell someone else about your experience?
1. List your two chosen societies or civilizations. Include the time period you will cover for each society or civilization.
| Ancient Greece (500 BC - 300 BC) and Ancient Rome (500 BC - 500 AD) |
2. Choose one theme from the following list and write it in the box below:
Mortality / Death
Birth / Rebirth
Evil
Justice
Truth
Beauty
Suffering
Happiness
Enslavement
Order
Common Good
| • Justice |
3. Choose one format for your project from the following list and write it in the box below:
Research paper
PowerPoint presentation
Prezi
Lesson plan
Video Presentation
| • Research paper |
Primary Sources
| Primary Source | Annotation |
| Work 1, Civilization 1 Conant, E. B. (1927). The Laws of the Twelve Tables. . Louis L. Rev., 13, 231. | This source, "The Laws of the Twelve Tables" by E. B. Conant (1927), is the essential introduction to the Twelve Tables, the oldest legal code that shaped the Romans' law system. The text describes the background of their invention in 451 BC shedding light on the social and political divisions between patricians and plebeians. It accentuates the Twelve Tables’ importance in the creation of civil rights and avoiding oppression by fixing legal rights and punishments. The annotations and pieces discussed reveal how the Roman legal system was evolved in comparison to the earlier Greek legislation. This source is a part of my Final Project on Justice in Ancient Greece and Rome which allows me to gain more knowledge about the legal foundations of Ancient Rome and their possible connections to the Greek legal traditions. |
| Work 2, Civilization 1 Alburn, C. R. (1959). Corpus Juris Civilis: A Historical Romance. American Bar Association Journal, 562-642. | In "Corpus Juris Civilis: The novel "A Historical Romance" By C. R. Albany (1959, the author examines the importance of Corpus Juris Civilis, a comprehensive legal system compiled during the reign of Justinian in the 6th century. Sharing its history from ancient Greece and spreading its effect worldwide, Alurn underlines its significance in common law as well as in Europe nowadays. The source explains the evolution of legal systems with an emphasis on the continuing influence of Roman law and its related role in the framework for the Canadian, US and Latin American law. This statement fits into my Final Project concerning Justice in Ancient Greece and Rome to describe the way Roman legal traditions influenced the elaboration of all the later legal systems. |
| Work 3, Civilization 2 Havelock, E. A. (1978). The Greek concept of justice: From its shadow in Homer to its substance in Plato. Harvard University Press. | Edward A. Havelock's "The Greek Concept of Justice: The author of "The History of the Development of the Ancient Greek Concept of Justice, from its Shadow in Homer to its Substance in Plato" (1978) highlights the changing nature of justice in Ancient Greece from the poetic vagueness of Homer to the philosophically grounded thoughts of Plato. The author recognizes his academic debt by acknowledging the contributions of prominent figures like Bruno Gentili, Bruno Snell, and ER Dodds, illustrating how his research is based on the efforts of others. This is a great source to explore the Greek view on justice, which can be connected to the other sources providing an intellectual and philosophical background basis for my final project on Justice in Ancient Greece, bringing together the historical and legal perspectives with the philosophical content based on the views of Greek philosophers. |
| Work 4, Civilization 2 Schmidt, L. (1891). The Unity of the Ethics of Ancient Greece. The International Journal of Ethics, 2(1), 1-10. | Schmidt's "The Unity of the Ethics of Ancient Greece" (1891) digs into the ethical views of ancient Greece, stressing the persistence of moral principles across the centuries. According to the author, Greek morality and nationhood were mainly defined by those shared principles, although variations existed among the specific views expressed at various periods. Schmidt's key argument is the focal role that Homeric songs and myths play in the evolution of morals, bringing order to ethical codes. This source is especially relevant for my Final Project on Justice in Ancient Greece as it makes evident the cultural and philosophical bases, which enabled further conceptualization of ethics and ultimately led me to understand justice in Ancient Greece within the social and moral boundaries of the time. |
2. Scholarly Secondary Sources
| Scholarly Secondary Source | Annotation |
| Source 1, Civilization 1 Hebblewhite, M. (2016). The emperor and the army in the Later Roman Empire, AD 235-395. Taylor & Francis. | Hebblewhite's "The Emperor and the Army in the Later Roman Empire, AD 235–395" (2016) explores the dynamic relationship between emperors and the military during the politically tumultuous later Roman Empire. The study draws from literary, epigraphic, and numismatic evidence to reveal how emperors perceived the army as a crucial institution for maintaining power. It sheds light on strategies employed by emperors to ensure the loyalty of the military, emphasizing the projection of the emperor as a capable general and a benefactor offering military pay and benefits. This source enriches my Final Project on Justice in Ancient Greece and Rome by providing insights into the political and military dynamics influencing justice and governance in the later Roman Empire. |
| Source 2, Civilization 2 Gagarin, M., & Perlman, P. J. (2016). The laws of Ancient Crete: c. 650-400 BCE. Oxford University Press. | Gagarin and Perlman's "The Laws of Ancient Crete: c. 650-400 BCE" (2016) provides a valuable collection of approximately 200 stone inscriptions detailing the laws of ancient Crete during the archaic and classical periods. The Greek text is accompanied by English translations and two commentaries, addressing both epigraphical and linguistic aspects as well as legal and historical issues. This source is crucial for my Final Project on Justice in Ancient Greece and Rome, offering direct access to primary legal texts from ancient Crete. It enriches the understanding of legal structures, social dynamics, and historical context, providing a nuanced perspective on justice in the broader ancient Greek world. |
1. Preliminary Introduction.
The preliminary introduction does not have to be perfectly formulated at this point. Think about the essential background information an audience would need to put your thesis in context.
Write some ideas you have about your theme (in a few sentences) in the box below.
| The exploration of justice in Ancient Greece (500 BC - 300 BC) and Ancient Rome (500 BC - 500 AD) unveils a rich tapestry of legal, ethical, and societal frameworks. Delving into historical, philosophical, and legal sources, this project aims to decipher the nuanced manifestations of justice in these influential civilizations. |
2. Preliminary Thesis Statement.
The last sentence of your introductory paragraph should be a thesis statement to indicate the main idea of your final project. For more help developing your thesis statement, see Writing a Thesis Statement.
Write your thesis statement in the box below.
| This paper aims to look into the multi-faceted nature of justice in Ancient Greece (500 BC - 300 BC) and Ancient Rome (500 BC - 500 AD) by examining historical, philological, and legal sources to reveal the diverse manifestations and the experiences that justice had in these civilizations which are crucial in human history. |
1. Your final project analysis should contain at least three main points for each society or civilization, placed in a comparative context. Each main point should contain the following components:
Clearly defined topic sentence.
Evidence cited from the sources gathered in Part 2.
For more support, review:
Body Paragraphs
Quoting, Paraphrasing, & Summarizing
APA: Citing Within Your Paper
Write a topic sentence in the box below to shape your first main point about the first civilization you chose. Cite information from a source on your reference list that supports your topic sentence.
| Topic Sentence: The legal structure of Ancient Rome was founded on the Twelve Tables, a crucial legal code, that fidgeted in 451 B.C. until the law system of Rome had a profound impact on its jurisprudence. Evidence: Conant (1927) argues that indeed the Twelve Tables were the very foundation of Roman law. Therefore, they could be regarded as the first code of Rome addressing the importance of civil rights and preventing tyranny via legal forms. |
Write a topic sentence in the box below to shape your first main point about the second civilization you chose. Does it compare to or contrast with the first civilization? Cite information from a source on your reference list that supports your topic sentence.
| Topic Sentence: The ethical fabric of Ancient Greece, particularly during the archaic and classical periods (c. 650-400 BCE), was intricately woven through the stone inscriptions found in Crete, offering unique insights into the legal and moral foundations distinct from the Roman Twelve Tables. Evidence: Gagarin and Perlman (2016) present a comprehensive collection of approximately 200 stone inscriptions detailing the laws of ancient Crete, providing valuable primary sources that elucidate the legal structures and ethical principles that shaped Greek society. |
Write a topic sentence in the box below to shape your second main point about the first civilization you chose. Cite information from a source on your reference list that supports your topic sentence.
| Topic Sentence: In the Later Roman Empire (AD 235-395), the relationship between emperors and the army played a crucial role in maintaining political stability, with emperors employing strategic measures to secure the loyalty of the military. Evidence: Hebblewhite (2016) highlights the emperor's efforts to project themselves as capable generals and generous providers of military pay and benefits, emphasizing the significance of the emperor-army dynamic in ensuring political power and stability during this period. |
Write a topic sentence in the box below to shape your second main point about the second civilization you chose. Does it compare to or contrast with the first civilization? Cite information from a source on your reference list that supports your topic sentence.
| Topic Sentence: In Ancient Greece, the concept of justice was intricately linked to the influence of poets and myth, shaping moral ideals and providing stability to ethical values, a stark contrast to the pragmatic legal code of the Roman Twelve Tables. Evidence: Schmidt (1891) argues that the powerful influence of Homeric songs and myth on the moral ideals of the Greek people gave their ethical principles a stability that might be surprising and inexplicable in concrete instances, highlighting the distinct cultural and philosophical foundations of Greek justice in comparison to the Roman legal framework. |
Write a topic sentence in the box below to shape your third main point about the first civilization you chose. Cite information from a source on your reference list that supports your topic sentence.
| Topic Sentence: The Later Roman Empire witnessed a significant emphasis on portraying emperors as worthy generals and providers of military benefits, employing symbolic gestures and strategic measures to maintain the allegiance of the army. Evidence: Hebblewhite (2016) demonstrates that emperors considered the army as a key institution crucial for retaining power, relying on efforts to project themselves as capable leaders and benefactors. This historical context highlights the dynamic interplay between the emperor and the military, shaping the political landscape of the Later Roman Empire. |
Write a topic sentence in the box below to shape your third main point about the second civilization you chose. Does it compare to or contrast with the first civilization? Cite information from a source on your reference list that supports your topic sentence.
| Topic Sentence: While Ancient Rome relied on written legal codes like the Twelve Tables to govern societal conduct, Ancient Greece, particularly in the archaic and classical periods, derived its ethical and legal ideals from influential poetic narratives and mythical traditions, fostering a distinctive approach to justice. Evidence: Havelock (1978) argues that the moral ideals of the Greeks were profoundly influenced by the power of poets and the world of myth, giving stability to their ethical values. This stands in contrast to the more codified and pragmatic legal approach found in Roman legal codes, illustrating the unique cultural and philosophical foundations shaping ideas of justice in these two ancient civilizations. |
2. In addition to the in-text citations you have provided with your topic sentences, your final project analysis should also contain an APA-formatted references list containing your four primary sources and two scholarly sources.
Place your reference list in the box below.
| Alburn, C. R. (1959). Corpus Juris Civilis: A Historical Romance. American Bar Association Journal, 562-642. Conant, E. B. (1927). The Laws of the Twelve Tables. . Louis L. Rev., 13, 231. Gagarin, M., & Perlman, P. J. (2016). The laws of Ancient Crete: c. 650-400 BCE. Oxford University Press. Havelock, E. A. (1978). The Greek concept of justice: From its shadow in Homer to its substance in Plato. Harvard University Press. Hebblewhite, M. (2016). The emperor and the army in the Later Roman Empire, AD 235-395. Taylor & Francis Schmidt, L. (1891). The Unity of the Ethics of Ancient Greece. The International Journal of Ethics, 2(1), 1-10. |
