This is for Philosophy class. I have attached the files down below on how to do to write and I have also included articles. 5 pages for qualitative and 5 pages for quantitative.

Citation: Khammarnia, M., Mohammadi, M. H., Amani, Z., Rezaeian, S., & Fatemeh Setoodehzadeh, F. (2015). Barriers to Implementation of Evidence Based Practice in Zahedan Teaching Hospitals, Iran, 2014, Nursing Research and Practice, 2015; 1-5. doi:10.1155/2015/357140

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the organizational and individual barriers haltering the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in Zahedan teaching hospitals.

Methods

Study Design, Instrument or Tools Used in the Study

This study is an analytical cross-sectional study, it investigates the association between the implementation of EBP and its barriers. Authors Khammarnia, Mohammadi, Amani, Rezaeian, and Setoodehzadeh adapted a questionnaire from Kermanshahi and Parvinian (2012). The questionnaire of barriers to implementation was distributed to 280 nurses. This questionnaire statements were indicated as reliable due to Cronbach’s coefficient alpha of 0.81. The questionnaire consisted of 27 statements with 2 aspects: 18 organizational statements and 9 individual statements. The nurses would respond to each statement with either a score of 1 for agree, a score of 2 for no opinion, or a score of 3 for disagree. There was no intervention tested on the participants.

Setting and Sample of the Study

This study was a quantitative analytical cross-sectional study conducted in Zahedan City, South of East Iran, 2014. Six hospitals were in the area and a sample of nurses were taken from each hospital using a stratified random sampling method. In total there was two hundred and eighty subjects sampled for the study. Out of the participants 70.3% were female, 60% has less than five years of experience, and 53.2% were twenty-six years or older. Two hundred and sixty-three nurses responded and returned the questionnaires, 93.9% completed the study. Table 1 demonstrates the distribution of participant demographics in Zahedan teaching hospitals.

Major Findings

Table 2 lists the five common barriers to implementation of EBP by organization and individual aspects. It shows the amount and percentage of the nurses that agreed, had no opinion, or disagreed. The five common barriers for organizational barriers were (1) lack of human resources, (2) heavy workload, (3) lack of access to a rich library with nursing journals, (4) lack of internet and, (5) no cooperation by physicians. The study also revealed these five individual barriers: (1) lack of time to read literature, (2) insufficient proficiency in English language, (3) lack of ability to work with computer, (4) lack of autonomy to change practice and, (5) lack of knowledge. Fifty-seven percent of barrier of implementing EBP were related to individual aspects; the top three being: (1) lack of time to read, (2) lack of ability to work with a computer and, (3) insufficient proficient in English language. The top three of the organization barriers were (1) lack of resources, (2) heavy workload and (3), lack of access to a rich library with nursing journals. Thirty-two percent of nurses have a library with nursing journals and forty-two percent have no internet access. Of the nurses with a bachelor’s degree, 79.9% agreed with the organizational barriers presented. Table 3 demonstrates the associations between background variables and implementation of EBP by organizational and individual aspects using chi-squar

lack of ability to work with computer, (4) lack of autonomy to change practice and, (5) lack of knowledge. Fifty-seven percent of barrier of implementing EBP were related to individual aspects; the top three being: (1) lack of time to read, (2) lack of ability to work with a computer and, (3) insufficient proficient in English language. The top three of the organization barriers were (1) lack of resources, (2) heavy workload and (3), lack of access to a rich library with nursing journals. Thirty-two percent of nurses have a library with nursing journals and forty-two percent have no internet access. Of the nurses with a bachelor’s degree, 79.9% agreed with the organizational barriers presented. Table 3 demonstrates the associations between background variables and implementation of EBP by organizational and individual aspects using chi-square test.

Conclusion

I do agree with the findings of the study and discussion, however, I do find the article lacking in solutions to the barriers found in the study. Khammarnia et al, (2015), should have a section of changes the nurse could use to help further the implementation of EBP. I believe the study findings would be different in the USA because we are a mainly English speaking nation and a huge technologically advance nation with access to resources. Overall the study was interesting but not helpful for nurses in the United States.