I have attached the questions. https://www.mediafire.com/file/pdye8dkpwml9p6f/Nonverbal+Communication+TEXTBOOK.pdf/file As you answer these questions, I encourage you to think of cues from different
What are the most reliable nonverbal cues that reveal that two people like one another, are psychologically close, or want to get close? (romantically or otherwise). Go beyond what people on the street would say about this to discuss novel things you have learned in this class (which allows you to speak to several different chapters). Rachel’s review of Floyd (the cuddling article) might come in handy, as might Erin’s final presentation.
Dominance, power, and status are three related, but distinct constructs (Hall refers to these as verticality), and for the sake of this question, they are interchangeable. What nonverbal behaviors differentiate more powerful people from less powerful people? Think of multiple channels here too. Include Ko et al., 2015 (Stephanie’s article summary)
You can’t judge a book by its cover…or can you? There are a lot of commonsense notions about what we can learn by looking at others’ faces, but which of these assumptions are accurate? Which are false? Discuss both. There are tons of possible sources here. Lots from Nick Rule. Include Giacomin et al. (2021)(Brandon’s article summary)
A great deal of attention has been devoted to emotional expression in the face, but what sorts of other bodily cues signal emotions? Describe them. For example, how are shame and embarrassment expressed? Witkower & Tracy (2019)(Traci’s article summary) might be helpful.
What are the physiological and psychological benefits associated with touch? Traci, Felicity, and Brandon all did class projects on touch – these summaries might be useful.
Paul Ekman and his colleagues have argued that we possess six universal facial expressions, expressions that are a “readout” of our underlying emotional states. Although this theory, typically framed Basic Emotions Theory, has some empirical support, there have been a lot of challenges to its original conceptualization. Summarize these challenges (Keri’s article summary of Patterson’s “misconceptions” will help).
here is an example of an excellent submission from the midterm:
A certain nonverbal behavior being universal suggests that most people throughout all different walks of life, born in different countries, cultures, genders, ages, etc. could interpret the same meaning from whatever nonverbal cue was being encoded and decoded (chapter 2, Knapp et al., 2021). The evidence to suggest that there are universal nonverbal cues begin from a biological, evolutionary perspective. An example of this is when newborns instinctively stretch their arms and fingers up in the air, also known as the Moro reflex, to communicate a need to be picked up (chapter 2, Knapp et al., 2021).The infant is not taught that behavior and is not mimicking that behavior from anyone else, and yet cross culturally we know that the child is communicating a need that we automatically know to respond to. Another piece of evidence suggesting certain behaviors are inherit and universal are the varying expressions of emotion like laughter, crying, anger, smiling, fear, etc. in children who were blind or deaf. They could not have as easily learned or picked up those auditory or visual cues, and yet research suggests that their physical manifestations of those emotions are roughly the same as able bodied individuals (chapter 2, Knapp et al., 2021). When discussing laughter specifically and the universality of that behavior, Bryant et al. (2018) found that across cultures and different native languages people were consistently able to distinguish between different types of laughter categorized by either spontaneous or volitional laughter. In other words, people all around the world regardless of what language they spoke were accurate in their ability to distinguish between the nonverbal vocalization of real and fake laughter. (Bryant et al., 2018). The text also cites the research on laughter and genuine smiles called (Duchenne) and non-genuine smiles (non-Duchenne) and how studies showed that people cross culturally were also able to distinguish the differences in those smiles (chapter 2, Knapp et al., 2021). Knapp et al. (2021) briefly mentions the role of laughter and smiling as functioning to communicate positive relationships between people.
