MMI 133 Assignment (worth maximum 10% of your mark) For this assignment you need to have access to the 4th edition of the textbook specified in the syllabus. In Appendix B you will find the cases grou
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Transmission of Infectious Agents (Canada Public Health Agency) 2014
Microorganism | Precautions | Route of transmission |
Actinomyces species | Routine | (normal flora, 2o to trauma) |
Adenovirus Respiratory strains | Droplet and contact | Large droplets; direct and indirect contact |
Adenovirus Conjunctivitis | Contact | Direct and indirect contact |
Adenovirus GI strains | Adult: Routine Children: Contact | Direct and indirect contact (fecal-oral) |
Amebiasis (E. histolytica) | Adult: Routine Children: Contact | Direct and indirect contact (fecal-oral) |
Anthrax (B. anthracis) | Routine | Contact with infected animals and animal products, inhalation from occupational exposure or bioterrorism |
Antibiotic resistant organisms (AROs) (includes MRSA, VRE, resistant Gram negatives) | Contact | Direct and indirect contact |
Arthropod borne viruses | Routine | Vector-borne |
Ascariasis | Routine | Fecal-oral (ova must hatch in soil) |
Aspergillosis | Routine | Spores in dust; immunocompromised |
Astrovirus | Adult: Routine Children: Contact | Direct and indirect contact |
Babesiosis | Routine | Tick borne |
Bacillus cereus | Routine | Foodborne |
Bed Bugs | Routine | Not known to transmit disease |
Blastomycosis | Routine | Acquired from spores in soil |
Bocavirus Resp Tract | Droplet and contact | Droplet and contact (may cohort if infected with same virus) |
Botulism (C. botulinum) | Routine | Foodborne |
Brucellosis (Undulant, Malta or Mediterranean Fever) | Routine | Acquired from contact with infected animals or contaminated food |
Burkholderia cepacia | Contact | Usually only infects Cystic Fibrosis patients |
Campylobacter | Adult: Routine Children: Contact | Direct and Indirect contact (fecal-oral) |
Candidiasis | Routine | Normal flora |
Cat scratch disease (Bartonella hensalae) | Routine | Acquired from animals |
Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) | Routine | Direct contact (sexual transmission) |
Chlamydia trachomatis | Routine | Trachoma: direct/indirect STI: sexual transmission (direct) |
Chlamydia pneumoniae | Routine | Unknown, likely droplet, direct and indirect |
Chlamydia psittaci | Routine | Inhalation of dessicated droppings from birds |
Cholera (Vibrio cholerae) | Adult: Routine Children: Contact | Direct and indirect contact (fecal oral) |
Clostridium difficile | Contact | Direct and indirect contact (fecal-oral) |
Clostridium perfringens | Routine | Foodborne or in normal gut flora, in soil with trauma |
Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis) | Routine | Acquired from spores in soil, dust in endemic areas |
Coronavirus (CoV other than SARS-CoV) | Droplet and contact | Direct and indirect contact, possible large droplet |
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease | Routine | Acquired from infected donors (separate guidelines for precautions at www.phac- aspc.gc.ca/noissinp/guide/pubs- eng.php |
Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans) | Routine | Unknown, but inhaled from environment, bird droppings |
Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium parvum) | Adult: Routine Children: Contact | Direct and indirect contact (fecal-oral) |
Cysticercosis (Taenia solium larvae) | Routine | Direct contact (fecal-oral) |
Cytomegalovirus | Routine | Direct, sexual transmission, mother to child, transfusion, transplantation |
Dengue virus | Routine | Vector |
Dermatophytosis | Contact | Direct or indirect contact |
Diphtheria cutaneous Diphtheria-pharyngeal (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) | Contact Droplet | Direct or indirect contact Large droplets |
Echinococcosis | Routine | Acquired from contact with infected animals |
Enteroviral infections (Echovirus, Coxsackie A & B, Enterovirus, Poliovirus | Adult: Routine Children: Contact | Direct and indirect contact (fecal-oral) |
Epstein-Barr Virus | Routine | Direct via saliva, transplantation |
Erythema infectiosum (Parvovirus B19) | Routine (5th disease) Droplet (TAC or chronic infection in immunocompromised) | Large droplets, direct contact, vertical mother - baby |
Giardia lamblia | Adult: routine Children: Contact | Direct and indirect (fecal-oral) |
Granuloma inguinale (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis) | Routine | Direct - sexual transmission |
Haemophilus influenzae type b invasive infection | Adult: Routine Children: Droplet | Large droplets, direct contact |
Hand foot and mouth disease | Adult: Routine Children: Droplet | Direct and indirect contact |
Hantavirus (Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) | Routine | Rodent excreta |
Helicobacter pylori | Routine | Probable ingestion of organisms, presumed fecal- oral,oral-oral |
Hepatitis A, E | Adult: Routine Children: Contact | Direct and indirect contact (fecal-oral) |
Hepatitis B,C,D,G | Routine | Mucosal or percutaneous exposure to infective body fluids, sexual transmission, vertical mother to child |
Herpes simplex encephalitis Herpes simplex neonatal Herpes simplex mucocutaneous, disseminated or primary and extensive | Adult: Routine Children: Contact Contact, also contact for infants delivered vaginally to women with active genital HSV Contact | Direct contact Direct contact |
Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum) | Routine | Acquired from spores in soil |
Hookworm | Routine | Larvae must hatch in soil to become infectious |
HHV-6 (Roseola) | Routine | Direct contact |
HIV | Routine | Mucosal or percutaneous exposure to infective body fluids. Sexual transmission, vertical mother to child |
Human metapneumovirus | Droplet and contact | Large droplets, direct and indirect contact |
Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV 1, HTLV II) | Routine | Vertical mother to child, mucosal or percutaneous exposure by infective body fluids |
Influenza seasonal | Droplet and contact | Large droplets, direct and indirect contact |
Pandemic novel Influenza viruses | Pandemic influenza precautions | Large droplets, direct and indirect contact |
Avian Influenza | Droplet and contact | ?Excreta of sick birds, possibly sometimes human respiratory secretions |
Legionella | Routine | Acquired from contaminated water sources (inhalation not ingestion) |
Leprosy | Routine | Direct contact |
Leptospirosis | Routine | Acquired from contact with animals or animal urine |
Lice Head & Body, Pubic | Routine, plus gloves for direct patient contact | Head and body: direct and indirect contact. Pubic: sexual |
Listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes) | Routine | Foodborne; vertical mother to child |
Lyme disease (Borrelia bergdorferi) | Routine | Vector, tickborne |
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis | Routine | Acquired from contact with rodents |
Lymphogranuloma venereum | Routine | Direct – sexually transmitted |
Malaria (Plasmodium species) | Routine | Vector (mosquito), rarely vertical mother to child, blood transfusion |
Measles | Airborne | Airborne |
Melloidosis (Pseudomonas pseudomallei) | Routine | Acquired from soil in SE Asia |
Neisseria meningitidis | Droplet | Large droplet, direct contact |
Molluscum contagiosum | Routine | Direct contact |
Monkeypox | Contact, droplet and airborne | Contact with infected animals; possible airborne transmission from animals to humans |
Mucormycosis | Routine | Inhalation or ingestion of fungal spores from soil, dust. Infections in immunocompromised |
Mumps | Droplet | Large droplets, direct contact |
Mycobacterium (non-TB) Atypical | Routine | Acquired from soil, water, animal reservoirs |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis including M. bovis, M. africanum, M. caprae, M. microti and M. pinnipedii | Airborne Nonpulmonary infections in bone or joint with no draining routine precautions; PPD skin test positive with no evidence of disease routine | Airborne |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Droplet | Large droplets |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Routine | Direct – sexual; mother to child |
Neisseria meningitidis | See meningococcus | |
Nocardiosis | Routine | Acquired from organisms in soil, dust |
Noroviruses | Contact | Direct and indirect contact (fecal-oral) |
Orf | Routine | Acquired from infected animals |
Parainfluenza virus | Droplet and contact | Large droplets, direct and indirect contact |
Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis) | Droplet | Large droplets |
Plague bubonic (Yersinia pestis) Plague pneumonic | Routine Droplet | Acquired from contact with fleas and rats Large droplets |
Pneumocystis jiroveci | Routine | ? normal flora? |
Poliomyelitis | Contact | Direct and indirect contact |
Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii) | Routine | Acquired from contact with infected animals or ingestion of raw milk |
Rabies | Routine | Mucosal or percutaneous exposure to saliva; corneal tissue and organ transplantation |
Rat Bite Fever (Streptobacillus moniliformis, Spirillum minus) | Routine | Rodent bite, ingestion of contaminated milk |
Relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis, other Borrelia sp) | Routine | Vector (ticks, lice) |
Respiratory syncytial virus | Droplet and contact | Large droplets, direct and indirect contact |
Rhinovirus | Contact and droplet | Direct and indirect contact, possibly large droplets |
Rickettsialpox | Routine | Vector (mites) |
Rocky Moutain spotted fever | Routine | Vector (tick borne) |
Rotavirus | Contact | Direct and indirect contact (fecal-oral) |
Rubella, acquired Rubella, congenital | Droplet Droplet and contact | Large droplets, direct contact |
Salmonella (including typhi) | Adult: Routine Children: Contact | Direct and indirect contact (fecal-oral) |
Scabies | Contact | Direct and indirect contact |
Schistosomiasis | Routine | Contact with larvae in water |
Shigella | Adult: Routine Children: contact | Direct and indirect contact (fecal-oral) |
SARS | Contact and droplet | Droplet, direct and indirect contact, aerosols |
Smallpox | Droplet, contact and airborne | Airborne, direct and indirect contact |
Sporotrichosis | Routine | Acquired from spores in soil, on vegetation |
Staphylococcus aureus | Minor (contained): Routine Major (draining): Contact Pneumonia: droplet if child Routine Toxic shock: routine | Direct and indirect contact Large droplets Foodborne |
Streptococcus pneumoniae | Routine | Normal flora or droplet |
Streptococcus group A: skin Pharyngitis, Scarlet Fever Toxic shock | Minor: routine Major: contact Adult: Routine Children: Contact and droplet Droplet and contact | Direct and indirect contact Large droplets Large droplets, direct or indirect |
Streptococcus Grp B | Routine | Mother to child at birth |
Strongyloides | Routine | Infective larvae in soil, may cause disseminated disease in immunocompromised |
Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) | Routine gloves for direct contact with skin lesions | Direct contact with infectious exudates or lesions; sexual transmission, intrauterine or intrapartum from mother to child |
Tapeworm | Routine | Consumption of larvae in undercooked meat |
Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) | Routine | Acquired from soil, trauma |
Toxocariasis | Routine | Intrauterine transmission mother to child; transplantation of stem cells; contact with infected felines or products |
Trench Fever (Bartonella Quintana) | Routine | Louse borne |
Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis) | Routine | Foodborne, acquired from meat |
Trichomoniasis | Routine | Sexually transmitted |
Trichuriasis (Trichuria trichuria) | Routine | Ova must hatch in soil |
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) | Routine | Acquired from contact with infected animals, also vector |
Typhus Fever (Rickettsia typhi) | Routine | Flea borne |
Vaccinia | Contact | Direct and indirect contact |
VRE | Contact | Direct and indirect contact |
VRSA | Contact | Direct and indirect contact |
Varicella zoster: varicella and zoster | Airborne and contact More stringent for immunocompromised | Airborne, direct and indirect contact |
Vibrio parahemolyticus enteritis | Routine | Foodborne |
Viral hemorrhagic fevers | Contact and droplet | Direct and indirect contact Lassa: sexual contact |
Yersinia enterocolitica | Adult: Routine Children: contact | Direct and indirect contact (fecal-oral), foodborne |