4-2 Journal: Historical Documentaries (50 points) can’t open the last two have to download app
[ M USIC P LA YIN G ]
[ G UN F IR E A N D E X PLO SIO NS]
[ Y E LLIN G , G UN F IR E, A N D E X PLO SIO NS] [ A IR PLA N E M OTO RS]
[ G UN F IR E A N D E X PLO SIO NS]
[ A IR PLA N E M OTO RS]
[ Y E LLIN G A N D G UN F IR E] [ B ELLS R IN G IN G ]
T h e G re at W ar e n d ed t w o m on th s a g o.
N o p eace t r e aty h as b een n eg otia te d .
A nd a d oze n s m all w ars a re s till r a g in g in E u ro p e. M ost o f t h e w orld 's le ad ers a re c o m in g t o P a ris t o f in d a w ay o u t o f t h is m ess.
I t is c a lle d t h e P a ris P e ace C on fe re n ce .
I t s r e p erc u ssio n s w ill b e f e lt f o r t h e n ext 1 00 y e ars .
H aro ld N ic o ls o n is p art o f t h e B rit is h d ele g atio n . L ik e m ost o f P a ris , N ic o ls o n w an ts t o s e e t h e p olit ic ia n t h ey'r e c a llin g t h e g od o f
j u stic e . K in g s, q ueen s, p rim e m in is te rs , a n d e m ir s a re a lr e ad y in P a ris .
N ow t h e d eit y a ris e s.
H e is W ood ro w W ils o n , P re sid en t o f t h e U nit e d S ta te s o f A m eric a . Jo h n M ayn ard K eyn es, B rit is h e co n om is t, h e w on 't g o t o t h e
p ara d e t o d ay.
H e d oe sn 't g o w it h t h e c ro w d. T h e p eace c o n fe re n ce , K eyn es t h in ks, w ill b e a b ou t m on ey. B ut t h en t h ere a re t h e w id ow s.
D on 't f o rg et w ho k ille d t h eir h usb an d s, t h ey s a y. T h e p eop le w ho k ille d t h eir h usb an d s, t h e G erm an s, a re n ot in P a ris t o d ay.
T h ey'l l b e s u m mon ed la te r. [ S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ] N ot f a r f r o m t h e p ara d e, m ap m ake rs a re r e sh ap in g t h e w orld .
T w o e m pir e s h ave d is a p peare d , a d oze n n ew c o u ntr ie s a re b ein g c re ate d .
[ S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ]
[ C H EER S]
B od ie s a re s till b ein g f o u nd in t h e m ud o f n orth ern F ra n ce .
T h e d esir e f o r a h ars h p eace t r e aty is o ve rw helm in g .
W ood ro w W ils o n s a ys, n o, t h ere 'l l b e n o r e ve n g e. I'l l g iv e y o u s o m eth in g b ette r.
I 'l l g iv e y o u a L e ag ue o f N atio n s a n d p eace e ve rla stin g . H e h as in sp ir e d t h e w orld a s n o le ad er in h is to ry . [ S IN G IN G IN F O REIG N
L A N G UAG E] W hile in P a ris , H aro ld N ic o ls o n w ill k e ep a d ia ry .
J a n uary t h e 2 0th , w e a re a ll d ep en d en t u p on A m eric a n ot o n ly f o r t h e w ar t h at h as ju st e n d ed b ut f o r t h e p eace b efo re u s.
T h e A m eric a n s h ave w on t h e w ar. N ow , t h ey w ill w in t h e p eace . M akin g p eace w ill n ot b e a n y e asie r t h an m akin g w ar.
T h e e n em y is t h e s a m e. A s P a ris p re p are s f o r p eace , t h ere 's a c e le b ra tio n s o u th o f B erlin f o r G erm an s o ld ie rs r e tu rn in g h om e.
[ C H EER S]
M an y G erm an s d on 't t h in k t h ey lo st t h e w ar.
T h ey s ig ned a n a rm is tic e n ot a n a d m is sio n o f d efe at. [ M UFFLE D V O IC ES A N D C AR H O RN S] In n orth ern F ra n ce , t h ere 's o n ly d eath .
[ M USIC P LA YIN G ]
T h e w ar w as s o v io le n t t h at h alf t h e F re n ch d ead , t h e b od ie s o f 7 00,0 00 m en , a re u nid en tif ia b le . [ M USIC P LA YIN G ]
A ft e r t h e p ara d e, P a ris t u rn s c o ld . 1 0,0 00 p olit ic ia n s, d ip lo m ats , a rm s s e lle rs , a n d s p ie s a re a rriv in g f o r t h e p eace c o n fe re n ce .
M an y h ave n eve r s e en s n ow . T h e s m all d ele g atio n s g et u nheate d w alk u p s, t h e b ig o n es, e n tir e h ote ls .
[ M USIC P LA YIN G ]
A s t h e d ele g atio n s t o ta l u p t h eir c la im s a g ain st G erm an y a n d h er a llie s, P a ris c o m es a liv e o n ce a g ain .
[ M USIC P LA YIN G ] T h e d ay b efo re t h e c o n fe re n ce o p en s, W ils o n c o n su lt s h is m ost t r u ste d a id e, E d w ard H ou se , a b ou t a L e ag ue o f
N atio n s.
T h e L e ag ue w ou ld s to p s m all c o n flic ts b efo re t h ey b eca m e w orld w ars . T h en t h e p re sid en t p ra ys s ile n tly . H e w ill s e e n o o th er
v is it o rs t h is d ay. T h e p eace t a lk s w ill t a ke p la ce in t h e M in is tr y o f F o re ig n A ffa ir s , t h e Q uai d 'O rs a y. 2 00 d ele g ate s, 3 7 c o u ntr ie s,
t h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s w ill b e h otly d eb ate d .
G erm an y w ill b e p unis h ed . [ C AR H O RN B EEPIN G ]
[ M UFFLE D V O IC ES A N D C AR M OTO RS] [ S IR EN S]
[ C AR M OTO RS]
F o r t h e f ir s t t im e in h is to ry , a w orld c o n fe re n ce w ill b e o p en t o m ovin g p ic tu re c a m era s.
T h e p olit ic ia n s w ill b e s p eakin g t o t h e w orld .
[ S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ]
[ A PPLA U SE]
T h ere a re f iv e c o u ntr ie s a t t h e h ead t a b le .
T h ey'r e k n ow n a s t h e S up re m e C ou ncil.
T o g eth er t h ey h ave lo st a b ou t t h re e m illio n m en in t h e w ar.
T h e s m alle r p ow ers t h at f ill t h e r o om h ave lo st a n oth er t w o m illio n . G eorg es C le m en ce au , t h e p rim e m in is te r o f F ra n ce , is t h e
c h air m an o f t h e c o n fe re n ce .
I n d efe re n ce t o P re sid en t W ils o n , C le m en ce au s p eaks in E n g lis h . I d on 't t h in k t h ere is a n y q uestio n t h at w e a re h ere t o d ecid e t h e is su e o f G erm an g uilt a n d u lt im ate ly o f G erm an r e p ara tio n s.
W e w an t o u r c o u ntr ie s m ad e w hole a g ain .
H is to ry h as t a u g ht C le m en ce au e ve ry th in g h e n eed s t o k n ow a b ou t w ar.
Y o u m ake a llia n ce s.
T h en y o u f ig ht o th er a llia n ce s.
T h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s is f o r d re am ers .
[ S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ]
L lo yd G eorg e h as ju st w on a n e le ctio n b y p ro m is in g h e w ill g et $ 300 b illio n f r o m t h e G erm an s.
I t o o b elie ve t h e is su e o f r e p ara tio n s m ust b e d ealt w it h s o on .
I t is n ot ju st t o c o m pen sa te t h e v ic tim s f o r lo se s, t e rrib le lo se s, u nim ag in ab le lo se s.
I t is w hat is r ig ht.
T h ose w ho s u ffe re d -- t h e F re n ch , t h e B rit is h , t h e It a lia n s, t h e B elg ia n s, a n d p le n ty o f o th ers -- t h ey w an t c o m pen sa tio n f o r t h e w ar.
[ S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ]
I t a ly f lir te d w it h jo in in g G erm an y in t h e w ar.
T h en s h e g ot a b ette r o ffe r f r o m t h e A llie s.
I t a ly w ou ld v e ry m uch lik e t o d is c u ss t h e A dria tic , w hic h is o f v it a l in te re st p er n ostr o f u tu ro .
W e n eed a p ort, a h arb or.
T h e p ort It a ly n eed s is f o r h er w ars h ip s.
U nfo rtu nate ly , it b elo n g s t o Y u g osla via . It a ly is b ro ke a n d n ear a n arc h y.
[ S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ]
J a p an , s h e h elp ed w in t h e w ar f o r t h e A llie s in t h e P a cif ic .
S he w an ts t e rrit o ry t h at b elo n g s t o C hin a. It is e stim ate d t h e c o n fe re n ce w ill la st t h re e t o f o u r w eeks.
D urin g t h at t im e, it w ill b e e ffe ctiv e ly a w orld g ove rn m en t.
A t t h e c e n te r o f it a ll, o n e v is io n ary p olit ic ia n w ho w ill s a ve t h e w orld .
H ow lo n g m ust w e r e p eat h is to ry b efo re w e le arn t h at r e ve n g e w on 't w ork ?
I h ave e ve ry c o n fid en ce t h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s w ill c h an g e t h at.
[ A PPLA U SE] [ B ELL R IN G IN G ] G erm an y h as n ot b een t o u ch ed b y t h e w ar p hysic a lly . B ut s h e h as lo st 1 ,7 00,0 00 m en , s u ffe re d m ore t h an s e ve n m illio n
c a su alt ie s. T h e P a ris p eace m ake rs w ill d eal w it h G erm an y w hen t h ey'r e g ood a n d r e ad y.
I n t h e m ean tim e, t h e le ad ers h ave o th er b usin ess.
A ustr a lia d id n't w in t h e w ar.
W e'r e 3 00 m illio n p ou nd s s te rlin g in d eb t r ig ht n ow .
W e n eed N ew G uin ea t o b ala n ce o u r b ooks.
T h e s m all p ow ers lin eu p t o c o n g ra tu la te t h eir p atr o n s a in t.
A L e ag ue o f N atio n s m ig ht g iv e t h em a b ette r c h an ce o f s u rv iv a l. In t h e m ean tim e, t h ey w ou ld lik e t o b e r e w ard ed f o r s u p portin g
t h e A llie s.
E le u th erio s V en iz e lo s, P rim e M in is te r o f G re ece , h e's lo okin g f o r la n d .
T h e E m ir F e is a l, h e's lo okin g f o r a n A ra b c o u ntr y t o g ove rn , p erh ap s Ir a q .
[ S PE A KIN G A R AB IC ] C haim W eiz m an n, a Z io n is t, h e w an ts a Je w is h h om ela n d in P a le stin e.
[ M UFFLE D V O IC ES ]
E d w ard H ou se h as w arn ed W ils o n a g ain st c o m in g t o E u ro p e.
T h ese a re c o u ntr ie s t h at s o lv e t h eir p ro b le m s w it h a g un, h e s a ys.
[ M UFFLE D V O IC ES ]
N ic o ls o n w rit e s, y o u c o u ld n ot a vo id a f e elin g o f a w e a t t h e t e rrib le r e sp on sib ilit y s h ou ld ere d b y t h e s ta te sm en .
T h e f a te o f m an kin d w as h an g in g b y a t h re ad . E ve ry w here h e g oe s, W ils o n is f o llo w ed m y e n orm ou s c ro w ds. H e is a d evo u t
P re sb yte ria n .
H is f a th er a n d g ra n d fa th er w ere b oth p re ach ers . W ils o n is n eve r m ore a liv e t h en w hen h e is c lo se t o t h e p eop le . A ll o ve r P a ris
h und re d s o f e xp erts a re c ra ft in g d if fe re n t p arts o f t h e p eace t r e aty . Jo h n M ayn ard K eyn es h as s e t u p t h e B rit is h R ep ara tio n s
C om mit te e in a n e m pty s c h ool. F o r F ra n ce , t h is is w hat w e h ave s o f a r.
I n hab it a n ts d riv e n f r o m t h eir h om es, 2 ,7 32,0 00.
V illa g es d eva sta te d , 4 ,0 22.
H ou se s c o m ple te ly o r p artly d estr o ye d , 5 94,6 16.
F a cto rie s d estr o ye d , 2 0,5 39.
L iv e sto ck c a rrie d o ff, 1 ,3 60,0 00.
T h e B rit is h n um bers a re n 't in y e t.
N ot s o m an y f a rm s b ut h er s h ip pin g is d ecim ate d . T h e r e al p ro b le m w ill c o m e w hen e ach c o u ntr y t r ie s t o p ut a d olla r f ig ure o n
w hat a d ead s o ld ie r is w orth , w hat h e m ig ht h ave e arn ed h ad h e liv e d . N o a cco u ntin g o f a n y w ar in h is to ry h as t r ie d t o d o t h at. T h ere is s till a p artia l f o od b lo ck a d e a ro u nd G erm an y f r o m t h e G re at W ar.
T h ou sa n d s o f G erm an s a re d yin g o f s ta rv a tio n e ach w eek. N oth in g w ill c h an g e u ntil G erm an y is c a lle d t o P a ris . W e h ave a n
a b so lu te r ig ht t o p unis h t h ose r e sp on sib le f o r c rim es f o r w hic h n o e q uiv a le n t c a n b e f o u nd o th er t h an t h e N ap ole on ic w ars .
W e m ust n ot m ake a n e n em y o f G erm an y.
T h ey a re d ow n.
B ut n atio n s d o n ot r e m ain d ow n f o re ve r.
I t a lia p ers o 6 00,0 00 m en in t h e w ar.
[ S PE A KIN G IT A LIA N ] W e h ave b een p ro m is e d t e rrit o ry .
[ S PE A KIN G JA PA N ES E] C hin a h as s o m an y c o u ntr ie s, it 's c o u ntin g o n W ils o n t o p ro te ct it s t e rrit o ria l in te g rit y . D ele g ate s k n ow t h e
c o n fe re n ce is t h e la st o p portu nit y t o a cq uir e t e rrit o ry b efo re b ord ers a re f r o ze n .
T h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s w ill o ffe r s e cu rit y t h at, u ntil n ow , o n ly c o u ld b e f o u nd b y m ilit a ry a llia n ce s.
O nce y o u p re p are f o r w ar, y o u g et it .
S o m ayb e f o r o n ce w e p re p are f o r p eace . C arto g ra p hers r e ce iv e c o n sta n t d ir e ctiv e s f r o m t h e Q uai d 'O rs a y.
M ou nta in r a n g es w ill b e d iv id ed , t r a in t r a ck s d iv e rte d , p eop le m ove d f r o m o n e r u le t o a n oth er.
[ S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ] S o lo n g a s M on sie u r C le m en ce au d oe s n ot t r a in b ig n ig ger a rm ie s f o r t h e p urp ose s o f p ro g re ssio n .
A lt h ou g h, o f c o u rs e , w e o u rs e lv e s s e e t h e n eed o f a rm in g t h e P o ly n esia n s a g ain st h er n eig hb ors .
W ils o n h as s a id t h ere w ill b e n o m ore c o lo n ie s.
H e h as p ro m is e d s e lf - d ete rm in atio n f o r a ll m in orit ie s.
T h e s h eer a u d acit y o f t h e p re sid en t's id eas is s ta rtlin g . M eet W in sto n C hurc h ill, S ecre ta ry o f t h e N avy.
I 'v e c o m e t o g et m yse lf a n a rm y, h e s a ys.
H e's c o n vin ce d t h at t h e f ig htin g w ill s ta rt a g ain . H aro ld N ic o ls o n h as t h e B alk a n s, a n a re a k n ow n f o r s ta rtin g w ars a n d b re akin g
c a re ers .
J a n uary 2 3, t h ey s h ow n o s h am e a t a ll, d em an d in g m ost o f H ung ary .
I t a ke w it h m e t h e p ap ers a b ou t t h e s e cre t It a lia n t r e aty .
H is a im is t o m ain ta in in P a ris t h e m od el p re stig e.
F e b ru ary t h e 4 th , t a lk e d t o G en era l S pears .
H e t a lk s a b ou t d is a rm am en t, a b ou t t h e L e ag ue.
I g uess t h e t h in g t o d o is t o g et it in to t h eir t h ic k h ead s n o m ore m assa cre s. P a ris is a m ecca f o r y o u ng id ealis ts . H alf t h e c la ss o f H arv a rd 1 915 is t h ere .
T h e o th er h alf d ie d in t h e w ar. O ne b y o n e t h e s m all s ta te s a re h ustle d t o t h e Q uai d 'O rs a y.
E ach w ill g et a f e w m in ute s b efo re t h e S up re m e C ou ncil. [ S PE A KIN G F O REIG N L A N G UAG E] [ S PE A KIN G A R AB IC ] T h e s m all p ow ers
o ft e n c o m e b earin g g if t s .
T h e M id dle E ast h as o il.
E d w ard H ou se s a ys, w e d on 't n eed A ra b o il.
W e'v e g ot T e xa s.
W e h ave a lw ays liv e d w it h t h e g un.
D urin g t h e C re ta n in su rre ctio n , I e sc a p ed in to t h e m ou nta in s.
I w as o n e o f t h e r e b els .
I n t h e h ills , I u se d t o r e ad t h e S und ay T im es t o le arn E n g lis h .
B ut m y r if le w as a lw ays a cro ss m y k n ee.
A s t h e n ew ly c re ate d s ta te s p ro fe ss a lle g ia n ce t o t h e m an o f p eace , t h eir a g en ts p ro w l t h e P a ris b ack s tr e ets lo okin g f o r a rm s t o
b uy.
T h e o ld w ay o f d oin g t h in g s w ill n ot d ie o ve rn ig ht. T h e b ig p ow ers , a lr e ad y a rm ed t o t h e t e eth , h ave o th er n eed s.
T a lk e d t o p eop le o n t h e s tr e et h ere in P a ris .
T h ey s a y t h ey d on 't r e ally c a re t h at m uch a b ou t p olit ic a l q uestio n s, b ou nd arie s, f la g s, c o w s.
[ F R EN CH ], t h at's w hat t h ey s a y.
T h ey ju st w an t p eace , g et b ack t o liv in g .
T h ey'r e v e ry s in ce re .
B ut a t t h e e n d , y o u k n ow w hat t h ey s a y?
B ut G erm an y m ust p ay.
F o r o th erw is e , w hat is t o h ap pen t o F ra n ce ?
W hat is t o h ap pen t o u s?
W hat a b ou t o u r d ead h usb an d s?
W hat a b ou t o u r s to le n c o w s?
H ow a re w e t o liv e ?
G erm an g old is t h e a n sw er t o a ll t h eir p ro b le m s. T h at's w hat t h ey t h in k. M ovin g p ic tu re s a re b ein g s h ow n w it h F re n ch a cto rs p la yin g t h e d re ad ed H un.
M akin g p eace in t h is a tm osp here o f s im merin g h ate w ill b e d if fic u lt . N ic o ls o n w rit e s, m y a ttit u d e t o w ard G erm an y w as a c o m pou nd
o f f e ar, a d m ir a tio n , s y m path y, a n d d is tr u st.
I h ate d t h em f o r t h eir p ra ctic a l r u th le ssn ess.
I d esp is e d t h em f o r t h eir p olit ic a l in ep tit u d e.
B ut I f e lt n o r e sid ue o f r e ve n g efu ln ess, o n ly a n a rd en t d esir e t h at G erm an y in f u tu re m ig ht b e r e n d ere d in nocu ou s. In n orth ern
F ra n ce , m an y w orld le ad ers t a ke t im e o u t f r o m d ip lo m acy t o w alk t h e t r e n ch es.
W ils o n r e fu se s.
P e ace m ust n ot b e m ad e w it h e m otio n , h e s a ys. R are ly d oe s W ils o n s tr a y f a r f r o m t h e Q uai d 'O rs a y. C oa ch ed b y E d w ard H ou se ,
t h e p re sid en t is p ro vin g t o b e a q uic k s tu d y in t h e s o m etim es d is a g re eab le a rt o f c o m pro m is e . A m on th in to t h e c o n fe re n ce , a
y o u ng a ctiv is t n am ed H o C hi M in h f r o m t h e F re n ch c o lo n y o f In d och in a r e q uests a n a u d ie n ce b efo re t h e S up re m e C ou ncil. H o C hi
M in h n eve r g ets h is a u d ie n ce .
H is c o u ntr y w ill la te r b eco m e V ie tn am . W ils o n c a lls A ustr a lia n P rim e M in is te r B illy H ug hes a p estif e ro u s v a rm in t.
B ut t h e p re sid en t e n d s u p g iv in g H ug hes N ew G uin ea. It is s a d t o s e e p eop le w ho h ave c o m e a ll t h e w ay f r o m A dria n op olis g iv e n
o n ly 1 0 m in ute s in t h at la rg e, h ot r o om in f r o n t o f f iv e b ore d p eop le .
T h e liv e s o f s e ve ra l t h ou sa n d p eop le a re b ein g c h an g ed a t t h e s tr o ke o f a m id nig ht p en . [ D RU M S B EA TIN G ]
G erm an y is m etic u lo u sly p re p arin g t h e c a se t h at s h e's n ot s o le ly g uilt y o f s ta rtin g t h e w ar. O ffic e rs w it h a b ad c o n sc ie n ce a re ,
n eve rth ele ss, a d vis e d t o g o in to h id in g . T h ou sa n d s d o. K eyn es, m ean w hile , is p ro vin g t o b e a s g ood a s h is c o n tr a ria n r e p uta tio n .
H e's a d vo ca tin g G erm an y p ay o n ly f o r p hysic a l d am ag e, n ot t h e $ 300 b illio n h is b oss L lo yd G eorg e is d em an d in g . T h e w id ow s
m ig ht h ave t o f e n d f o r t h em se lv e s. A nd re T a rd ie u , C le m en ce au 's F o re ig n M in is te r, w rit e s, K eyn es' in su la r e g otis m c a n not g ra sp
w hat in va sio n m ean s. W ils o n t o o is a d vo ca tin g m od era tio n f o r G erm an r e p ara tio n s.
T h is p uts h im s q uare ly a t o d ds w it h L lo yd G eorg e w ho h as p ro m is e d t o p ic k t h e G erm an p ock e ts d ry . G erm an y r e m ain s u nsta b le .
R ig ht w in g t h ug s a re p ro m is in g t o r e sto re G erm an p rid e if P a ris f a ils . F o re ig n M in is te r C ou nt U lr ic h v o n B ro ck d orff- R an tz a u is
c h ose n t o h ead t h e d ele g atio n t h at w ill g o t o F ra n ce .
T h e c o u nt is o n e o f t h e f e w h ig h o ffic ia ls w ho d oe sn 't h ave b lo od o n h is h an d s f r o m t h e G re at W ar. In P a ris , t h e H un is b ein g
w hit tle d d ow n t o s iz e .
G erm an y lo ose s e ig ht m illio n c it iz e n s a n d 1 0% o f h er la n d m ass.
B ut f o r C le m en ce au t h at's n ot e n ou g h.
H e w an ts a d is p ute d a re a t h at b elo n g s t o G erm an y.
W e n eed t h e S aar, M r. P re sid en t.
N orth ern F ra n ce n eed s t h at c o a l. P e rh ap s t h ere c o u ld b e a w ay.
Y o u m ean t h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s?
A nd t h ou g h t h e A rm en ia n s a re n ow in f a vo r o f t h e L e ag ue a n d w ill v o te f o r it .
[ IN AU D IB LE ]
C le m en ce au is m ost d an g ero u s w hen h e's s e rv in g u p c o m plim en ts . W ils o n is e q ually d an g ero u s w hen h e b elie ve s t h e p ra is e .
W ils o n g iv e s C le m en ce au c o n tr o l o f t h e S aar f o r 1 5 y e ars a lt h ou g h m ost p eop le t h ere a re G erm an . O ne b y o n e W ils o n is v io la tin g
h is c h eris h ed p rin cip le s. T h e f o rc e o f c o m puls io n o f W ood ro w W ils o n in t h ose e arly m on th s o f 1 919 w as o ve rw helm in g .
I t n eve r o ccu rre d t o u s t h at if n eed a ro se , h e w ou ld h esit a te t o u se it . A s W ood ro w W ils o n c o n fo u nd s h is a p ostle s, P a ris s w ir ls w it h
r u m or.
T h at W eiz m an n t h e Je w is f in d in g s y m path y w it h t h e A llie s.
T h at F e is a l t h e A ra b is g ettin g t h e c o ld s h ou ld er.
T h at t h e Ja p an ese h ave s o m eth in g u p t h eir s le eve s. T h at in a v e ry c o m plic a te d w orld , H aro ld N ic o ls o n is s h ow in g h im se lf t o b e a s
a g ile a s W ood ro w W ils o n . E ve ry th in g is b ein g r u sh ed a t a f e ve ris h p ace .
T h e S aar, r e p ara tio n s, e ve ry th in g is b oilin g o ve r a t t h e s a m e t im e. K eyn es h as f ig ure d o u t a w ay t o b ala n ce t h e F re n ch a cco u nts
b y h avin g B rit a in 's N atio n al G alle ry a cq uir e p ain tin g s b y M an et, C oro t, a n d D ela cro ix a t b arg ain p ric e s. N oth in g is s a cre d in P a ris .
T h e p re sid en t o ft e n c o n su lt s H ou se a b ou t h is f r u str a tio n s w it h E u ro p e.
H ou se 's r e sp on se , w e'r e d ealin g w it h m en n ot a n g els . W ils o n is u sin g e ve ry b it o f A m eric a 's e co n om ic c lo u t t o g et t h e L e ag ue.
H e d oe sn 't lik e h avin g t o b arg ain .
I t o ffe n d s h im .
B ut f o r t h e L e ag ue, h e w ill d o a n yth in g . It is n ow f iv e w eeks in to t h e c o n fe re n ce .
I n m ap r o om s a cro ss P a ris , h und re d s o f t h ou sa n d s o f p eop le a re b ein g s h if t e d f r o m o n e n atio n alit y t o a n oth er.
G erm an y h as y e t t o b e s u m mon ed . T h e c e n tu ry f o r y o u is v e ry lo n g .
F o r u s, it 's t h e b lin k o f a n e ye .
W e t o o h ave a h is to ry , d esp it e w hat t h e E u ro p ean s lik e t o s a y.
T h e h is to ry o f t h e U nit e d S ta te s is a g lo rio u s h is to ry .
B ut it 's r a th er s h ort, M r. P re sid en t.
W e h ave t o t r y t o e sc a p e o u r h is to ry .
W e b re ath it .
L o ok, w e h ave t w o c h oic e s.
E it h er w e c a n ce l G erm an y's d eb t e n tir e ly a n d le t h er r e b uild a n d b eco m e a p artn er in t h e w orld c o m munit y . N ot a c h an ce , Jo h n.
O r w e o p en o u r m ark e ts t o h er g ood s t o le t h er e arn t h e m on ey t o p ay u s b ack .
W e c o u ld n eve r d o t h at.
O ur w ork e rs w ou ld n't p erm it it . T h e p eace c o n fe re n ce is in d an g er o f c o lla p sin g .
N ob od y c a n a g re e o n r e p ara tio n s. E ve ry b od y w an ts la n d .
A nd t h ere a re e g os.
T h e L e ag ue w ill h ave a f o rc e in E u ro p e.
H ow f a st c a n y o u r L e ag ue g et h ere ?
F a st e n ou g h, I t h in k.
D o y o u r e ally t h in k s o ?
I f t h e G erm an s le ave a ft e r d in ner, t h ey c a n r e ach P a ris b efo re b re akfa st.
B esid es, I'm h earin g d if fe re n t t h in g s a b ou t y o u r C on g re ss. If t h e R ussia n s c o m e k n ock in g , w ill t h e L e ag ue b e a b le t o s to p t h em ?
I 'm q uit e s u re t h e L e ag ue w ill n ot b e s tr o n g e n ou g h e it h er f o r G erm an s o r f o r R ussia n s.
I t a ly w ill c e rta in ly d o h er p art.
B ut f o r t h at, [ S PE A KIN G IT A LIA N ]. W e h ave a m on str o u s p ro b le m .
E ve ry o n e o w es e ve ry o n e e ls e im men se s u m s o f m on ey.
E xce p t A m eric a .
H und re d s o f b illio n s o f d olla rs .
G erm an y o w es a la rg e s u m t o t h e A llie s.
P re su m ab ly , w e'l l f ig ure o u t h ow m uch .
I t 's g oin g t o b e a lo t.
I k n ow t h at.
I f R ussia a n d G erm an jo in f o rc e s, w hat w ou ld y o u r L e ag ue d o?
W ill y o u r C on g re ss d ecla re w ar o n f o re ig n s o il, le t t h e A m eric a n g uys d ie u nd er t h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s f la g ?
M ost c e rta in ly .
B ut A m eric a 's n ot t h re ate n ed .
I d on 't t h in k s o . T h at's n ot w hat I'm h earin g f r o m W ash in g to n .
P e ace is a r is k .
F ra n ce h as t o r is k it n ow .
F ra n ce h as e ve ry th in g in it s h an d s if it w ill o n ly r is k it .
A m eric a w ill w an t it s m on ey b ack s o on er o r la te r.
A m eric a h as a lr e ad y m ad e a k illin g in t h e w ar in t r a d e.
S he c a n a ffo rd t o w ait .
T h e w orld w ill s to p c e le b ra tin g s o on .
A nd t h en a cco u nts w ill h ave t o b e s e ttle d .
Y o u 'l l g et y o u r L e ag ue, M r. P re sid en t.
I p ro m is e y o u t h at.
I t 's ju st t h at w e n eed o u r o w n p ro te ctio n .
W e a re n ot lik e y o u .
B ut w e a ll w an t w hat y o u w an t.
M r. P rim e M in is te r, I t h in k w e a ll w an t t h at.
W e'l l g et y o u r L e ag ue.
W e'l l n ot d is a p poin t y o u a b ou t y o u r L e ag ue, M r. P re sid en t.
T h en I s u sp ect y o u 'l l b e a b le t o b re ath e a lit tle m ore e asily . E d w ard H ou se w rit e s, w hen I t e le p hon ed t h e p re sid en t a t 7 o 'c lo ck t h at
w e h ad f in is h ed t h e L e ag ue c o ve n an t, h e w as a sto u nd ed a n d d elig hte d . A t o a st is o ffe re d t o t h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s a n d t o
P re sid en t W ils o n 's c o u ra g eou s v is io n . In B erlin , it is a n nou nce d t h at Jo h an n G ie sb erts a n d W alt e r S im on s w ill jo in B ro ck d orff-
R an tz a u o n t h e G erm an d ele g atio n g oin g t o P a ris . L ik e e ve ry o n e e ls e , t h e G erm an s b elie ve W ood ro w W ils o n w ill g iv e t h em ju stic e .
[ C H EER S] T h e f o llo w in g d ay W ood ro w W ils o n s e ts s a il f o r A m eric a .
H e m ust s till g et S en ate a p pro va l f o r t h e L e ag ue.
H e w ill r e tu rn t o E u ro p e in a m on th . W ils o n h as a ch ie ve d a n a sto n is h in g t r iu m ph.
I n t h e f a ce o f c o n sid era b le o p posit io n in E u ro p e a n d g ro w in g is o la tio n is m in A m eric a , h e h as g ot h is L e ag ue o f N atio n s p ast b y t h e
c o n fe re n ce . B ut it is c le ar t o a lm ost e ve ry o n e t h at t h e L e ag ue is in t r o u b le in A m eric a .
A nd t h e p eace c o n fe re n ce it s e lf is in t r o u b le in P a ris . S hortly a ft e r W ils o n 's d ep artu re , G eorg es C le m en ce au le ave s h is p riv a te
r e sid en ce .
[ C AR M OTO R]
[ H O RSE H O OVES ] [ C AR M OTO R]
[ H O RSE H O OVES ] [ H O RSE H O OVES ]
[ C AR M OTO R]
[ C AR H O RN B EEPIN G ]
[ S IG HS][S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ] [ C AR H O RN B EEPIN G ]
[ G RO AN ]
[ G UN S H O T]
[ S C REA M ]
H ey, h ey, h ey, h ey.
[ S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ] [ Y E LLIN G ]
W ord o f t h e s h ootin g s p re ad s q uic k ly t h ro u g hou t P a ris . O ne b ulle t lo d ges u nd er C le m en ce au 's s h ou ld er.
I t is c lo se t o h is s p in al c o rd . It is a ssu m ed t h e a ssa ssin is e it h er a G erm an a g en t o r a R ussia n r e vo lu tio n ary . [ C H EER S]
W ils o n h ears o f t h e s h ootin g in N ew Y o rk . H e is p ro fo u nd ly s h ake n . N ew s o f t h e a ssa ssin atio n a tte m pt r e ach es G erm an y t h e s a m e
d ay.
T h ere a re n o t e ars in B erlin . A s it t u rn s o u t, t h e a ssa ssin , E m ile C ottin , is a F re n ch a n arc h is t.
I w an te d t o k ill C le m en ce au , h e s a ys, b eca u se h e w as p re p arin g f o r a n oth er w ar.
[ G UN S H O T] T h e F re n ch P rim e M in is te r, w it h a b ulle t p erm an en tly lo d ged in h is b od y, is m ore lin ke d t o h is s o ld ie rs t h an e ve r. S in ce
t h e a tte m pt o n C le m en ce au 's lif e , P a ris b ris tle s w it h d ete ctiv e s.
T h e F re n ch h ave le arn ed t h at s o m e a n arc h is ts a re a ft e r V en iz e lo s' b lo od .
W e'r e d og ged b y d ete ctiv e s a n d m oto rc y cle s c o n sta n tly .
N ot m uch h ap pen in g p en d in g W ils o n 's r e tu rn .
[ S H IP W HIS TLE S ] P h ysic a lly w eak f r o m n on sto p n eg otia tin g , W ils o n is o n ce m ore s a ilin g in to t h e u nkn ow n.
[ C H EER S]
T o a d d t o h is w oe s, t h e p re sid en t is a ls o r e ce iv in g d is tu rb in g t e le g ra m s a b ou t t h e a ctiv it ie s o f h is c o n fid an t, E d w ard H ou se . In
P a ris , a m ajo r d ecis io n h as n ow t a ke n .
H en ce fo rth , a S up re m e C ou ncil, m in us Ja p an , w ill m eet in p riv a te .
O pen ness h as n ot w ork e d . D urin g w ars , s e cre cy m ay b e n ece ssa ry .
W ars a re b y n atu re u nd em ocra tic . W heth er p eace b en efit s f r o m s e cre cy is a n oth er q uestio n . T h e B ig F o u r a re n ow m ore p ow erfu l t h an a n y m en in h is to ry . T h e w ar is
n eve r f a r a w ay f r o m t h e p eace m ake rs . H osp it a ls a re c h oke d w it h w ou nd ed s o ld ie rs .
L e tte rs a re d ra ft e d t o a n xio u s p are n ts .
I 'v e r e ce iv e d y o u r s o n , A lb ert Ja m es M ad is o n .
R eg re t-- B arrin g a m ir a cle , h is le ft le g -- [ IN AU D IB LE ], 1 7 y e ars .
G erm an g ase s p erm an en tly -- U nco n tr o lle d s h akin g d ue t o H un g as.
J E d w ard s L a m b, 2 3.
C ata str o p hic d am ag e t o h is c e n tr a l- - R eese W orth in g to n .
L o st t o ta l c o n tr o l o ve r h is -- Jo h n Ja co b s, 1 9.
D elir io u s, lit tle h op e o f- - S m it h ers Jo n es.
H arry P o tlin g to n . T h e B ig F o u r w ere a ll h ig hly s u cce ssfu l w artim e le ad ers .
T h ey a re n ow d is c o ve rin g t h at m akin g p eace is s o m etim es m ore d if fic u lt t h an m akin g w ar. W e r e g re t t o in fo rm y o u t h at a t 2 :1 3 P M
y o u r s o n le ft t h is e arth . A s h ort t im e la te r, W ils o n s u m mon s E d w ard H ou se .
W ils o n f e els h e's b een n eg otia tin g b eh in d h is b ack .
T h e E u ro p ean s p re fe r H ou se t o W ils o n .
H e's w illin g t o c o m pro m is e . W ils o n t e lls H ou se t h e p re sid en t a lo n e m ake s A m eric a n p olic y . H ou se e ffe ctiv e ly is o u t. W it h E d w ard
H ou se g on e, P re sid en t W ils o n is m ore is o la te d t h an e ve r. [ C LO CK C H IM IN G ]
B erlin , s ix G erm an n eg otia to rs a n d 1 80 s e cre ta rie s, t r a n sla to rs , la w ye rs , jo u rn alis ts , b arb ers , a n d c o oks s e t o ff f o r P a ris . T h ey
b rin g w it h t h em d ocu m en ts a lle g ed ly p ro vin g G erm an y a lo n e d id n ot s ta rt t h e w ar. T h e B ig F o u r w ill m on it o r t h e t r a in 's p ro g re ss in
W ils o n 's s tu d y. T h is is w hat t h e w orld h as w ait e d f o r. T h e s u rre n d er o f G erm an c o lo n ie s m ust b e t o ta l a n d d efin it iv e .
T h e s u rre n d er o f t h e G erm an n avy, t o ta l a n d d efin it iv e . T h ey a re o n t h eir w ay. F ro m n ew sp ap er a cco u nts , B ro ck d orff- R an tz a u is
a w are o f w hat P a ris is t h in kin g .
[ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] T h ere w ill b e n o h alf m easu re s.
T h e s u rre n d er o f a la rg e p ortio n o f t h e G erm an m erc h an t f e et, t o ta l a n d d efin it iv e . [ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] T h e e xclu sio n o f G erm an y
f r o m f o re ig n m ark e ts , t o ta l a n d w ill la st f o r a c o n sid era b le t im e. N o a d m is sio n t o t h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s, n ot n ow .
W hen ?
I d on 't k n ow , s o m e t im e in t h e f u tu re . A nd I w an t t o k n ow w hat e ach o f t h ose G erm an d ele g ate s d id d urin g t h e w ar. T h ese a re n ot
n eg otia b le .
T h e r e m ed y is n ot p ro p ortio n al t o t h e e vil.
T h ey w ere t h e f ir s t t o u se p ois o n ou s g as. I t w as t h e G erm an t h at b eg an t h e b om bin g a n d lo n g d is ta n ce s h ellin g o f t o w ns f o r n o m ilit a ry o b je ct b ut s o le ly f o r t h e p urp ose o f
r e d ucin g t h e m ora l o f t h eir o p pon en ts b y s tr ik in g a t t h e w om en a n d c h ild re n .
T h ey d ro ve t h ou sa n d s o f m en a n d w om en a n d c h ild re n w it h b ru ta l s a va g ery in to s la ve ry in f o re ig n la n d s.
T h ey a llo w ed b arb arit ie s t o b e p ra ctic e d a g ain st t h eir p ris o n ers o f w ar f r o m w hic h t h e m ost u nciv iliz e d p eop le w ou ld h ave r e co ile d .
H ow m uch G erm an g old , h ow m uch G erm an p rid e e q uals 1 ,3 00,0 00 d ead ?
W hat a cts d o w e c o n so rt?
D o w e t a lk t o y o u r M r. K eyn es? W alt e r S im on s, t h e la w ye r f o r t h e G erm an d ele g atio n , o ft e n w rit e s t o h is w if e d urin g t h is t im e.
D ear E sth er, [ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] T h is is [ IN AU D IB LE ].
H e's Je w is h , a b an ke r.
H e's b rin g in g w it h h im t w o o th er b an ke rs , W arb urg a n d W asse rm an n.
J e w s? 5 00,0 00 Je w s f o u g ht in t h e G erm an A rm y.
G erm an y f e els t h at e xp ert Je w is h b an ke rs w ill e n su re t h e b est p ossib le t r e aty . Is t h e t r a in g oin g t o b e s to p ped ?
S eve ra l t im es, s ir .
I 'm t o ld it 's im mob iliz e d n ow .
W here ?
R ed on .
G ood . 4 20,0 00 m en d ie d in R ed on .
N in e v illa g es d is a p peare d . T h ere 's n ot a s in g le t r e e s ta n d in g . B ro ck d orff- R an tz a u , F o re ig n M in is te r, h e's t h e le ad er, v e ry t o u g h.
G ie sb erts , P o stm aste r G en era l, n ot m uch in fo rm atio n o n h im .
D r. W alt e r S im on s, G erm an F o re ig n O ffic e , s p ecia liz e s in la w .
H e'l l p ro b ab ly b e d oin g t h e w rit in g f o r t h e d ele g atio n .
T h e lie s.
I s h e r e aso n ab le , S im on s?
H e's G erm an .
T h e v o ya g e t h ro u g h t h e G erm an 's h an d iw ork is h alf o ve r.
[ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] T h e G erm an s, C le m en ce au s a ys, a re b eate n .
B ut t h ey'r e n ot c ru sh ed . W e m ust f in is h t h e jo b f o r t h ose w ho d ie d a n d f o r t h ose w ho h ave y e t t o b e b orn . [ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] In t h e e n d , if G erm an y f e els
t h at s h e h as b een u nju stly t r e ate d , s h e w ill f in d t h e m ean s o f e xa ctin g r e tr ib utio n .
T h in k w e h eard t h at b efo re .
I f h is to ry h as t a u g ht u s a n yth in g , it h as t a u g ht u s t h at.
H is to ry h as t a u g ht F ra n ce o th er le sso n s. C le m en ce au h as b een w ait in g f o r t h is d ay s in ce h e w it n esse d G erm an y in va d e F ra n ce 4 5
y e ars a g o.
L a te r h e w ou ld s a y, 2 0 t im es d urin g t h e w ar it w as b elie ve d F ra n ce w as d ead .
D id t h ey r e ally t h in k I w as g oin g t o b ack d ow n n ow ? F re n ch a u th orit ie s, f e arin g r io ts , h ave d ir e cte d t h e t r a in t o a n is o la te d s ta tio n
i n V ers a ille s. [ M USIC P LA YIN G ]
T h ey'r e a s a d lo t, t h e G erm an s, w it h t h eir d ra w n, d eje cte d f a ce s a n d t ir e d s ta rin g e ye s, lik e m en w ho'v e b een h am mere d a t t h e
s to ck e xch an g e. T h e G erm an d ele g atio n is im med ia te ly t r a n sp orte d t o V ers a ille s.
I t w ill b e h ou se d in t h e H ote l d es R ese rv o ir s . T h e G erm an s e sta b lis h t h eir h ead quarte rs in t h e h ote l b ase m en t. T h ey a re c e rta in
t h ere a re lis te n in g d evic e s in t h e w alls , t h at t h eir p hon es a re b ein g t a p ped . T h ey'r e r ig ht. [ M USIC P LA YIN G ]
W ils o n is r e ce iv in g c a b le s f r o m t h e U nit e d S ta te s w arn in g h im t h e L e ag ue is in t r o u b le . A nd n ow t h e H un is ju st d ow n t h e r o a d .
[ M USIC P LA YIN G L O UD LY ]
T h e G erm an s a re p la yin g m usic lo u d ly t o h id e t h eir c o n ve rs a tio n s f r o m A llie d e ars .
T a n nhau se r is a f a vo rit e .
[ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] T h e k a is e r's u nd er h ou se a rre st in H olla n d .
T h e G erm an s w ou ld b e h um ilia te d if h e w ere p ro se cu te d . A s t h e G erm an s w ait , t h e c o n fe re n ce is c re atin g s m all s ta te s t h at m ig ht
o n e d ay p ro te ct F ra n ce , ju st in c a se p eace d oe sn 't w ork .
[ M UFFLE D V O IC ES S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ] [ A IR PLA N E M OTO RS]
1 5 w eeks in to t h e c o n fe re n ce , 1 00,0 00 t r o op s a m on th a re s till c o m in g h om e. T h ey b rin g w it h t h em s to rie s o f G erm an a tr o cit ie s.
[ M USIC P LA YIN G ]
I n W ils o n 's s tu d y, t h ere is a n u neasy s ta n d off.
T h re e o f t h e le ad ers a re o ld s c h ool p olit ic ia n s w ho s e ek s e cu rit y a n d m id nig ht a llia n ce s. T h e f o u rth h as b ro u g ht h is B ib le t o a p oke r
g am e. F re n ch n ew sp ap ers a re n ow c rit ic iz in g t h e m an t h ey o n ce p ro cla im ed a g od .
H e d oe sn 't m in d b ein g c a lle d p ro -G erm an .
W hat h e m in d s a re t h e f u nny lit tle jo ke s t h e F re n ch p ap ers m ake a b ou t h im .
I t t u rn s o u t t h e e d it o ria ls w ere o rd ere d b y t h e F re n ch g ove rn m en t.
W ils o n is t h re ate n in g t o le ave P a ris . W it h a r e g ard t o p re ss c rit ic is m , e sp ecia lly t o r id ic u le , M r. L lo yd G eorg e a n d M on sie u r C le m en ce au w ere g lo rio u sly t h ic k -s k in ned .
M r. W ils o n r e ta in ed h is s c h ool g ir l c o m ple xio n . A s t h e n eg otia tio n s d ra g o n , H ung ary s u ccu m bs t o c o m munis m .
M uch o f t h e w orld is s ta rv in g , o u t o f w ork , a n d d is illu sio n ed w it h t h e c o n fe re n ce .
T h ere a re s tr ik e s in E u ro p e, s tr ik e s in N orth A m eric a .
A ll t h e p en t u p a n g er f r o m t h e w ar is b oilin g o ve r.
P a ris is s c a re d . T h e s p rin g o f 1 919 is p artic u la rly c o ld in P a ris . T h e A llie s h ave t u rn ed o ff t h e h eat in t h e G erm an s' h ote l. [ S PE A KIN G
G ER M AN ] W hen w ou ld y o u lik e t o s e n d f o r t h e G erm an s?
T h ey w an t t o k n ow .
W e'v e g ot a f e w d eta ils t o c le ar u p w it h t h e d ra ft p ro p osa l o f t h e t r e aty f ir s t.
W hy n ot le t t h em e n jo y t h e F re n ch c o u ntr y sid e.
I t 's b een a g ru elin g t r ip , n ot e asy . [ S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ] P a ris ia n s b y t h e h und re d s k e ep a v ig il in f r o n t o f t h e G erm an h ote l.
I t m ake s t h em f o rg et t h ey'r e h ung ry . [ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] A ft e r m on th s o f n eg otia tio n , it h as b eco m e c le ar e ach o f t h e B ig F o u r
w an ts a v e ry d if fe re n t k in d o f p eace .
B rit a in w an ts t o c o n tin ue t o r u le t h e s e as.
I t a ly 's o u t f o r lo ot.
F ra n ce w an ts p ro te ctio n a g ain st t h e d ay w hen G erm an y m ig ht r e tu rn .
A m eric a w an ts t h e w orld 's c o n sc ie n ce , w an ts h er lo a n s r e p aid . R ep ara tio n s a re s till t r y in g t o f in d o u t w hat G erm an y is w orth t o
a n yb od y.
T h e G erm an m erc h an t m arin e m ig ht f e tc h $ 600 m illio n .
A uctio n in g o ff t h e G erm an n avy w on 't b e e asy .
I t w on 't g et w hat it 's w orth .
F o re ig n s e cu rit ie s, h ave w e g ot a n e stim ate o f t h at?
F ro m a lo w o f $ 500 m illio n t o $ 1.2 5 b illio n .
T h ey'r e n ot in a h urry t o o p en t h eir b ooks t o t h eir o ve rs e as a cco u nts .
S om eb od y b ette r p ush t h em .
T h at w ill h ap pen v e ry s o on .
D o y o u t h in k in L a tin A m eric a a n d e ls e w here , G erm an o w ned p riv a te p ro p erty m ig ht r a is e it a p in ch a n oth er h alf b illio n d olla rs ?
T h is is n ot w hat w e e xp ecte d . S um t o ta l, $ 300 b illio n m axim um .
S he n eed s m ost o f t h at t o s ta y a liv e .
W hat d id h e p ro m is e t h em , $ 200 b illio n ?
O h, t h at w as a p olit ic ia n 's p ip e d re am .
T h ey'v e n ot g ot t h e m on ey, n ot e ve n c lo se .
I 'm s u re y o u k n ow t h e F re n ch a re d esc rib in g y o u r n um bers q uit e d if fe re n tly .
T h is is P a ris .
E ve ry b od y k e ep s t h eir o w n le d gers .
E ve ry b od y's g ot m ap s. K eyn es is v e erin g f u rth er a n d f u rth er f r o m t h e e n orm ou s n um bers t h e le ad ers h ave p ro m is e d . P u ttin g a
p ric e o n a w orld w ar is p ro vin g d if fic u lt . D ays p ass.
T h e G erm an s h ear n oth in g . B ro ck d orff- R an tz a u t e lls W alt e r S im on s t o w rit e t w o r e sp on se s t o t h e t r e aty w hose c o n te n ts h e c a n
o n ly g uess a t.
O ne r e sp on se w ill b e c o n cilia to ry , o n e h ars h . A ft e r a w eek o f e n fo rc e d w ait in g , t h e G erm an s a re in fo rm ed t h ey w ill b e p re se n te d
w it h a d ra ft t r e aty a t 3 o 'c lo ck t h at a ft e rn oon . [ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] T h e s ig ht o f C ou nt B ro ck d orff- R an tz a u s e n d s a s h iv e r t h ro u g h
t h e c ro w d. [ S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ] T h e t e rm s o f t h e t r e aty a re h ars h er t h an t h e G erm an s e ve r im ag in ed .
G erm an y w ill b e p ara ly ze d f o r g en era tio n s.
B ro ck d orff- R an tz a u k n ow s w hic h s p eech t o u se .
[ S IG HS]
[ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] [ S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ]
W hat?
[ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] B ro ck d orff- R an tz a u h as c a u se d a s e n sa tio n .
N ob od y s p eaks t o t h e v ic to rs t h e w ay h e d id . T h e y o u ng d ip lo m ats w orry a b ou t p ush in g G erm an y t o o f a r.
A nd re T a rd ie u r e p lie s, y o u w orry a b ou t p ro vo kin g n atio n alis t f e elin g s in G erm an y?
G erm an y's d efe at in t h e w ar b eat y o u t o it .
S o w hat? [ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] T h e G erm an s h ave t h re e w eeks t o c o m e u p w it h a r e sp on se .
T h ey t u rn o ff t h eir m usic .
T h ey n o lo n g er c a re w ho's lis te n in g . W hile P a ris w ait s f o r t h e G erm an r e sp on se , s p rin g a rriv e s. L if e is r e tu rn in g t o n orm al. T h re e
m on th s in to t h e c o n fe re n ce , H aro ld N ic o ls o n h as m an eu ve re d h im se lf c lo se t o t h e in ner s a n ctu m .
W ils o n t a ke s a m ap , s p re ad s it o n t h e c a rp et in a n a lc o ve r o om a n d k n eels d ow n. W e a ll s q uat in a c ir c le a ro u nd h im .
T h e p re sid en t t h ro w s b ack h is g re at f a ce .
( IM IT A TIN G W IL S O N'S V O IC E) W ell, h e e xcla im s, I d id n't c o m e t o P a ris -- T o d is c u ss c o m pete n ce .
I n m y ju d gm en t, t h e t e st is w hat t h e p eop le t h em se lv e s w an t. I w as c o n sc io u s t h ere w as in W ils o n 's p ro n ou nce m en ts a t in g e o f
r e viv a lis m , a t o u ch o f M eth od is t a rro g an ce , a n d m ore t h an a t o u ch o f P re sb yte ria n v a n it y . W it h t im e r u nnin g o u t, t h ere 's a g re at
p ush t o g et t h e w orld t id ie d u p .
T h e m ap m ake rs a re in str u cte d t o s q ueeze S hia , S unni, K urd s, a n d Je w s in to a n ew s ta te c a lle d Ir a q . In B erlin , t h ere a re m assiv e
p ro te sts .
G erm an C han ce llo r P h ilip p S ch eid em an n s h uts d ow n e n te rta in m en t f o r a w eek t o p ro te st t h e d ra ft t r e aty .
[ Y E LLIN G C RO W D]
[ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] C on sta n t m essa g es a re b ein g s e n t f r o m t h e G erm an s t o t h e B ig F o u r r e q uestin g a m od era tio n o f t h e p eace
t e rm s. T h e B ig F o u r h ave p ro b le m s o f t h eir o w n. A m eric a a sk s n oth in g b y w ay o f r e p ara tio n .
W hat d am ag es d id s h e s u ffe r?
S he s p en t m illio n s o f d olla rs a n d t h ou sa n d s o f liv e s.
( A N G RIL Y ) In liv e s A m eric a lo st a lit tle le ss t h an A ustr a lia .
I 'm v e ry u nhap py, M r. P re sid en t.
I h ave a lo t o f p ro b le m s w it h t h e s o cia lis t a n d [ IN AU D IB LE ].
A nd y o u a re c u ttin g m y t h ro a t.
T h e t r e aty m ust b e a cce p te d o r r e je cte d t h e w ay it n ow s ta n d s.
[ Y E LLIN G C RO W DS]
I n R om e, t h ere a re F a sc is t le ad ers n am ed D unon cio a n d M usso lin i o n t h e r is e .
O rla n d o is f a ilin g t o g et a n yth in g in P a ris , t h ey c ry .
I a sk y o u f o r a f e w d ays t o k n ow a t le ast in w hat s a u ce y o u in te n d t o c o ok m e.
I t [ IN AU D IB LE ].
N o, I'v e t o ld y o u b efo re , I w ill n eve r a cce p t b arte rin g p eop le s lik e t h at.
I t a ly s a tis fie d w ill r e m ain a b so lu te ly f ir m a n d c a lm .
B ut a n It a ly d is c o n te n te d a n d d is a p poin t, t h at w ill m ean d an g er f o r e n tir e w orld .
Y o u u nd ers ta n d m e?
Y o u d o y o u rs e lf a d is se rv ic e a n d y o u r p eop le . O rla n d o a n d h is It a lia n d ele g atio n le ave P a ris in a h uff.
B elg iu m a n d Ja p an a re t h re ate n in g t o g o.
T h e C hin ese a re n ot h ap py.
W ils o n is g am blin g h e s till h as t h e A m eric a n p eop le . [ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] A llie d lis te n in g d evic e s r e ve al f r e q uen t lo n g d is ta n ce
c a lls f r o m B erlin t o B ro ck d orff- R an tz a u .
[ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] T h e im porta n t t h in g is t o p ers u ad e t h ese G erm an s t h at t h ey a re b eate n .
I t m ust b e r a m med in to t h eir h ead s.
W e w ill g iv e in t o t h is if [ IN AU D IB LE ]
c a n 't s e n d t h e o rd er t o p re p are a r e p ort o n t h e m easu re s t o b e t a ke n if t h e G erm an s r e fu se t o s ig n t h e t r e aty . T h e m easu re s t o b e
t a ke n in clu d e a r e su m ptio n o f f ig htin g , a f u ll in va sio n o f B erlin .
T h e S up re m e A llie d C om man d er M ars h al F o ch is r e ad y t o g o.
W ar is a r e al p ossib ilit y . T h ere is n ot a s in g le p ers o n a m on g t h e y o u ng er p eop le h ere w ho is n ot u nhap py a n d d is a p poin te d a t t h e
t e rm s.
T h e B rit is h t r e asu ry m an K eyn es is v e ry p essim is tic a b ou t t h e G erm an t r e aty .
H e c o n sid ers it n ot o n ly im mora l b ut in co m pete n t.
T h e G erm an s c a n g ain n oth in g b y s ig nin g a n d lo se n oth in g b y r e fu sin g t o s ig n. [ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] K eyn es in fo rm s L lo yd G eorg e
t h at G erm an y w on 't b e a b le t o p ay m uch m ore t h an $ 10 b illio n .
L lo yd G eorg e h as p ro m is e d B rit a in 3 0 t im es t h at a m ou nt.
W hen t h e c o n fe re n ce s ta rte d , t h ere w as s n ow o n t h e g ro u nd .
P a ris ia n s w ere t o ld t h ere w ou ld b e a t r e aty in f o u r w eeks.
T h e c o n fe re n ce is n ow in it s f if t h m on th . A ju st p eace is a s e lu siv e a s e ve r. A s t h e d ays p ass, f e w er c a lls a re b ein g in te rc e p te d
b etw een B ro ck d orff- R an tz a u a n d B erlin . It is f e are d t h e G erm an s m ig ht lo ok f o r f r ie n d s e ls e w here . H aro ld N ic o ls o n w rit e s, in t h e
b attle o f t im e p re ssu re w e s a id , b ette r a b ad t r e aty t o d ay t h an a g ood t r e aty f o u r m on th s h en ce .
I w as s o c o n fid en t w e w ere d oin g it t h e b est w ay.
I w as t r a g ic a lly m is ta ke n . [ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] B ro ck d orff- R an tz a u is in fo rm ed B erlin e xp ects t h e w ar w ill s ta rt a g ain if t h e t r e aty is
n ot r a tif ie d .
T h ere is t r e m en d ou s p re ssu re t o a cce p t it . W it h t h e e xce p tio n o f o n e t r ip h om e, W ils o n h as b een o u t o f A m eric a s in ce b efo re
C hris tm as.
H e w as a d vis e d t o s ta y in W ash in g to n , n ot t o p ers o n ally n eg otia te w it h t h e E u ro p ean s. In G erm an y, p eop le a re a t la st c o m in g t o
u nd ers ta n d t h e h atr e d f e lt t o w ard s t h em . T h e d ays t h at f o llo w a re a m on g st t h e m ost m om en to u s in t h e h is to ry o f t h e w orld .
[ S C REA M S] T h ere a re n ew p ro b le m s e ve ry d ay, e ve ry h ou r. T h e o n e c e n te r o f p ow er in t h e w orld is P a ris , t h re e le ad ers w ho b are ly g et a lo n g .
W hile t h ey a rg ue, t h e w orld w on 't s ta n d still. W e'r e r u nnin g o u t o f t im e, M r. P re sid en t. C om munis m , s ta rv a tio n , w ork e rs r e vo lu tio n s
a ll a re o ve rta kin g E u ro p e.
T h ey w ill s o on ju m p t h e A tla n tic .
R ep ub lic a n s a re h avin g a f ie ld d ay in t h e c a p it a l, s ir .
T h ey t h in k t h ey'v e g ot t h e v o te s t o b lo ck t h e L e ag ue. G ettin g im patie n t in T e xa s.
T h e c o a l w ork e rs a re s tr ik in g in Jo h nsto w n. T h ey'r e h earin g r u m ors a b ou t C hin a.
T h e C hin ese le arn t h ey'r e g oin g t o lo se S han d on g , a c it y o f a m illio n p eop le , t o t h e Ja p an ese . T h ey w ere c o u ntin g o n W ils o n .
[ M USIC P LA YIN G ] T h ey'r e n ot g oin g t o s ig n. W e m ust s h ow t h e ju nke rs w ho is b oss. T h ere w ill b e n o c o m pro m is e . F o r m on th s,
L lo yd G eorg e h as p ush ed W ils o n t o d eal h ars h ly w it h G erm an y.
T h en , u nexp ecte d ly , h e s w it c h es, a n a ct o f c o n sid era b le c o u ra g e.
I 'l l b e q uit e f r a n k w it h y o u .
I f e ar a w eak G erm an y a lm ost a s m uch a s I f e ar a s tr o n g , b ellig ere n t o n e.
I f s h e's w eak, s h e's p re y t o a n y d em i- g od w ho c o m es a lo n g a n d p ro m is e s t o r e sto re G erm an p rid e.
Y o u k n ow t h at c a n h ap pen .
I 'v e h eard t h at b efo re .
A w eak G erm an y w ill a ls o n ot b e a b le t o b uy B rit is h g ood s.
Y o u 'r e r ig ht.
W e w an t t o t r a d e w it h G erm an y.
I a d m it it .
B ut if y o u t r e at t h em a s t h e e n em y, t h ey w ill n ot d is a p poin t. W ils o n s a ys, n o, t h e t r e aty m ust s ta n d a s is .
A s h e c o m pro m is e d s o m an y o f h is id eals a lr e ad y t h at h is p rid e w on 't le t h im c o m pro m is e w hen it 's r e ally n ece ssa ry . M r. L lo yd
G eorg e h as d is c o ve re d t h at h e c a n not in f iv e d ays p ers u ad e t h e p re sid en t e rro r in w hat h as t a ke n f iv e m on th s t o p ro ve t o h im t o
b e ju st a n d r ig ht. It 's h ard er t o d eb am boozle t h e o ld P re sb yte ria n t h an t o b am boozle h im in t h e f ir s t p la ce .
K eyn es, f o r h is p art, r e m ain s s te ad fa st.
H e w ill n ot e n d ors e L lo yd G eorg e's d em an d f o r $ 300 b illio n .
J o h n M ayn ard K eyn es r e sig ns. [ S PE A KIN G G ER M AN ] E xcu se m e, g en tle m an .
T h e G erm an s a rriv e d in [ IN AU D IB LE ] t h re e h ou rs a g o.
B ro ck d orff- R an tz a u , S im on s, t h ey'v e a ll r e sig ned , e ve n t h e c h an ce llo r, S ch eid em an n. I 'm n ot s a d .
W e'v e ju st r e ce iv e d a c a b le .
O rla n d o's g ove rn m en t h as f a lle n .
H e's o u t.
[ Y E LLIN G C RO W D]
I n It a ly , b la ck s h ir te d f a sc is ts a re b eatin g u p d etr a cto rs in t h e s tr e ets .
[ Y E LLIN G C RO W D] O ve r t h e la st f iv e m on th s, t h e m ap m ake rs h ave r e d ra w n t h e b ord ers o f E u ro p e, t h e M id dle E ast, t h e F a r E ast,
a n d A fr ic a . T h ey h ave d on e t h eir b est. It is t im e t o r e st. [ K N O CKIN G O N D O OR] W ils o n h as e xh au ste d a ll h is m ora l a n d p hysic a l
s tr e n g th g ettin g t h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s. G erm an y, h e b elie ve s, w ill e ve n tu ally b eco m e p art o f t h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s a n d r e d eem
i t s e lf . W ils o n h as a lw ays b een a d re am er. T w o d ays b efo re t h e s ig nin g , t h e G erm an s s c u ttle t h eir in te rn ed f le et.
T h eir p rid e w on 't le t t h e A llie s h ave t h eir w ars h ip s. T h is a ct o f t r e ach ery c o n vin ce s a n y la st m in ute d ou b te rs t h at G erm an y c a n not
b e t r u ste d . In t h e f in al d ays, a n ew g ove rn m en t t a ke s p ow er in G erm an y. T w o r e lu cta n t G erm an o ffic ia ls , M ulle r a n d B ell, a re f o u nd
t o s ig n t h e p eace a g re em en t.
R um ors a b ou nd t h at t h ey'l l s ig n t h en s h oot t h em se lv e s.
O r t h ey'l l s h oot W ils o n . T ru th h as n eve r b een e asy t o f in d in P a ris . T e ll M r. L lo yd G eorg e t h at h e s h ou ld n't le ave t h e G erm an s t o o
a lo n e w it h t h eir [ IN AU D IB LE ] s e lv e s.
I t h in k I k n ow t h em b ette r t h an h e d oe s.
T h e G re at W ar s ta rte d 1 ,7 97 d ays a g o.
I n a f e w h ou rs , it w ill b e o ve r.
T h e T re aty o f V ers a ille s w ill b e s ig ned . H aro ld N ic o ls o n w ill w it n ess t h e s ig nin g .
V ers a ille s is t h e f in al e n tr y in h is P a ris d ia ry .
W hen w e r e ach V ers a ille s, t h e c ro w d t h ic k e n s.
T h e a ve n ue u p t o t h e c h ate au is lin ed w it h c a va lr y in s te el b lu e h elm ets . T h e c a p tu re d G erm an c a n non h ave t a ctfu lly b een
r e m ove d . W alt e r S im on s is in G erm an y w it h h is w if e a s t h e t r e aty is b ein g s ig ned .
F o r a p erio d o f t im e, h e w ill b e t h e c h an ce llo r o f G erm an y u ntil m en m ore e xtr e m e t h an h e t a ke ove r, m en w ho w ill r e p ud ia te t h e
T re aty o f V ers a ille s. K eyn es is in L o n d on a s t h e t r e aty is b ein g s ig ned .
O h, t h at w as a p olit ic ia n 's p ip e d re am .
T h ey'v e n ot g ot t h e m on ey, n ot e ve n c lo se .
H is f ig ure o f $ 10 b illio n is a lm ost e xa ctly w hat G erm an y e n d s u p p ayin g . T h e C hin ese d ecid e n ot t o s ig n t h e t r e aty .
W ils o n h as a lie n ate d h alf a b illio n p eop le . V it to rio O rla n d o is a ls o n ot a t t h e s ig nin g . W e n eed a p ort, a h arb or.
O rla n d o n eve r g ets h is p ort.
B en it o M usso lin i p ro m is e s t o d o b ette r. If s h e's w eak, s h e's a p re y t o a n y d em i- g od w ho c o m es a lo n g a n d p ro m is e s t o r e sto re
G erm an p rid e.
B rit a in d oe sn 't g et m uch in t h e w ay o f G erm an g old .
S he n eve r a g ain o w ns t h e h ig h s e as. G eorg es C le m en ce au c o m es c lo se st t o g ettin g w hat h e w an ts f r o m t h e t r e aty .
W e w an t o u r c o u ntr ie s m ad e w hole a g ain .
B ut t h e F re n ch h ad b een p ro m is e d p ro te ctio n f r o m G erm an y f o r a ll t im e.
I t is a lr e ad y c le ar t h e t r e aty w on 't d eliv e r t h at. C le m en ce au is r e je cte d b y t h e F re n ch p eop le w hen h e r u ns f o r p re sid en t in t h e
n ext e le ctio n .
H e d ie s a lo n e, a b it te r m an . W ood ro w W ils o n r e tu rn s t o A m eric a a n d c o n tin ues lo b byin g f o r t h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s.
H is h ealt h is n ot g ood .
H e p ush ed h im se lf t o t h e lim it in P a ris .
I w ill n eve r a cce p t b arte rin g p eop le s lik e t h at. W e e n te r t h e H all o f M ir ro rs .
I n f r o n t, lik e a g uillo tin e, is t h e t a b le f o r t h e s ig natu re s.
T h e R ep ub lic a n g uard s a t t h e d oorw ay f la sh t h eir s w ord s in to t h e s c a b bard s w it h a lo u d c lic k .
[ C LIC KIN G ]
[ S PE A KIN G F R EN CH ] C le m en ce au lo oks s m all a n d y e llo w , a c ru nch ed h om uncu lu s. S ud den ly f r o m o u ts id e c o m es t h e c ra sh o f g uns.
[ G UN S H O TS ]
I t a n nou nce s t o t h e w orld t h e t r e aty h as b een s ig ned .
[ C H EER S]
T h e G re at W ar is f in ally o ve r. C le m en ce au e m erg es f r o m t h e d oor b elo w m e.
H e's jo in ed b y W ils o n a n d L lo yd G eorg e.
T h e c ro w ds u p on t h e t e rra ce b urs t t h ro u g h t h e c o rd on o f t r o op s.
T o p h ats o f t h e B ig F o u r a re lo st in t h e s e a o f g estic u la tio n s.
[ M UFFLE D V O IC ES , B ELL R IN G IN G ]
G erm an y n eve r f o rg iv e s t h e W est f o r t h e T re aty o f V ers a ille s. T h e w in d s o f w ar a re a lr e ad y b lo w in g a s P a ris c e le b ra te s. A m eric a
u lt im ate ly r e je cts t h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s. W ood ro w W ils o n d ie s t w o y e ars la te r. H e n eve r s to p ped b elie vin g in t h e L e ag ue o f N atio n s. T h e p eace n eg otia to rs o f P a ris w ere c o n vin ce d t h at t h ey w ou ld n ot c o m mit
t h e b lu nd ers o r in eq uit ie s o f t h e C on g re ss o f V ie n na.
F u tu re g en era tio n s w ill b e e q ually c o n vin ce d t h at t h ey w ill b e im mune f r o m t h e d efe cts w hic h a ssa ile d t h e n eg otia to rs o f P a ris .
Y e t t h ey, in t h eir t u rn , w ill b e e xp ose d t o s im ila r m ic ro b es a n d in fe ctio n t o t h e e te rn al in ad eq uacy o f h um an in te llig en ce . T h e
T re aty o f V ers a ille s w as s u p pose d t o g iv e m ean in g t o t h e liv e s o f t h e t e n s o f m illio n s o f d ead a n d w ou nd ed in t h e G re at W ar. It
d id n't d o t h at. It d id t e ach t h at m ilit a ry c o n q uest a lo n e o ffe rs n o la stin g s a fe ty . It w ou ld t a ke a n oth er w orld w ar, a n oth er 4 0 m illio n
d ead , f o r t h e w orld t o s ta rt t o le arn h ow t o m ake p eace . [ M USIC P LA YIN G ]
