Before completing this assignment, please review the Full Research Paper and Assignments 1-3 General Instructions. You will also need to complete the following modules: - Introduction- Writing Style a

Full Research Paper (& Assignments #1 -3, and Peer Review) General Instructions : You will create your own small research project, in which you will: 1) collect data on public behavior, 2) analyze data (using an online chi -square calculator; see link on eClass), and 3) practice your APA writing by preparing an APA style manuscript. You will complete this project through several steps: 1) Research question : You will develop a research question of your choice and investigate it in an observational study. This study will involve observing behavior in public settings (in person or online), in which the participants will not have any reasonable expectation of privacy. You will not interact with the participants in any way ; you will only observe and record the beh avior of interest. The research questions will take the form of a 2X2 contingency table matrix, where the dependent variable is the number of people per cell. Example research questions and matrices are below. You should submit your research question and a ssociated matrix (through eClass by 11:59pm on September 1 3th) so that I can provide feedback. You should not begin collecting your data until you have received feedback on your question . After receiving feedback, you may wish to change their topic; if so, you should discuss the new idea with me first. Note re: Social distancing : I expect all students to maintain social distancing and follow any public health orders when collecting their data. You should create research questions where you can collect data safely, without risking your own or others’ health. To do so, you might want to choose research questions where you can a) make observations from your car , or looking out your window, or some other distant location , or b) collect data from observing online behavior (e.g., behavior of people in YouTube videos, or using live street views ). Example #1: Personal cups at Starbucks. Research question: Are female -presenting people more likely than m ale -presenting people to use a personal cup at Starbucks? Contingency matrix: The #s would represent the count of observations (i.e., people) belonging to that cell. Female -presenting Male -presenting Observed using personal cup # # Observed using disposable cup # # Example #2: Use of self -checkout at grocery store. Research question: Are adults shopping with children less likely than adults shopping without children to use the self -checkout at the grocery store? Contingency matrix: The #s would represent the count of observations (i.e., people) belonging to that cell. Adults shopping with children Adults shopping without children Observed using regular checkout # # Observed using self -checkout # # Example #3: “Drama” on YouTube. Research question: Are beauty influencers more likely than other types of influencers to mention “drama” in their YouTube videos? Contingency matrix: The #s would represent the count of observations (i.e., people) belonging to that cell. Beauty influen cers Non -beauty influencers Mentions drama with other influencers in video # # Doesn’t mention drama with other influencers in video # # After receiving feedback on your topic, you should begin reviewing the relevant literature and collecting your data. You should strive for a minimum of 60 observations (e.g., you will collect data concerning the behavior of approximately 60 people). Once t he data is collected, you will analyze it using the following website: https://www.socscistatistics.com/tests/chisquare2/default2.aspx Take a screenshot of your chi -square ca lculator results and paste it into a word document to be submitted with Assignment #2 (and later with the full research paper). 2) Drafts (Assignments 1 -3): For Assignments 1 -3, you will submit drafts of portions of your APA -style manuscript as follows: - Ass ignment #1: A title page, an abstract, and an introduction. - Assignment #2: A method section and a results section. - Assignment #3: A discussion, and references. Completing these drafts will: a) encourage you to start your project early, b) provide practice for your APA writing, and c) give you opportunities for feedback (from your peers and the TAs) before submitting your full research paper. You will submit each draft through the appropriate assignment tool on eClass ( see detailed class schedule for dates; all due by 11:59pm ). TAs will grade your assignmen ts out of 10 points each. You will submit each assignment in a .doc, .docx, .rtf, or .pdf format. Assignment rubrics will be available on eClass. You should expect to receive TA feedback within 1 week of the due date. 3) Peer reviews : You will submit each a ssignment twice ; once through the assignment tool (for feedback from the TAs) and once through the workshop tool (to receive feedback from your peers). Your submissions due by 11:59pm on the same due date as the Assignments . After submitting your draft, yo u will complete peer review s for 3 other students. I’ve built time into the class schedule (see APA days) for you to complete these reviews; the reviews are due by 11:59pm on those dates . Only students who submit their own drafts will be eligible to comple te reviews for other students. After receiving feedback on Assignments 1 -3, you will combine them into your full research paper. You will submit a draft of your full paper through eClass to complete the same peer review process as you did for Assignments 1 -3, only this time you will do the reviews before the paper is due (rather than afterward). Your draft is due by 11:59pm on November 2 7th; the peer reviews are due by 11:59pm on November 2 9th. Note: If you don’t complete the peer reviews assigned to you, then you won’t receive the feedback from your peers. To complete each peer review you will: a) Read your fellow student’s assignment, b) Identify the 3 most significant issues/weaknesses in your peer’s pap er, and c) Provide constructive criticism using this formula (and using the table below for help): a. Identify the problem, b. Explain why it is a problem, and c. Provide a concrete solution for the problem. You will complete 3 peer reviews for each assignment. You can use point form in providing your feedback, but make sure you are clear. Procedure Purpose Examples Identifying To search for problematic areas “Do you realize that … and … are incompatible?” “It sounds to me that this issue you presented is too subjective.” “It seems to me that … and … should not be compared in this dimension.” Explaining To describe the nature of problems “You may be wrong here because …” “This example may not be suitable to illustrate the idea of the topic sentence.” “This quote may not be relevant to what you are discussing. You should say … instead.” Giving suggestions To provide workable suggestions for modifications “Why don’t you change the idea from … to …?” “I think you should give more information about … in the second -last paragraph?” “You might use the word … rather than …” “You need to add a phrase concerning the disadvantages of … here.” Adapted from Lam (2010). For example, the following is not constructive feedback : “I think your introduction section is problematic. I really like the Smith & Brown study that you talk about, but it didn't really seem related to any of the other research you discuss. I would review your introduction section an d make sure that everything fits together nicely.” This is feedback is not helpful, because it doesn't specify what the actual problem is. Should the Smith and Brown stay in the paper, or be removed? How does the research being discussed in this introduction connect to the student's own study and hypothesis - is Smith and Brown perhaps the most relevant and important research, in which case it should certainly stay? Perhaps the other research being discussed is problematic and needs to be replaced ? Perhaps all of the research included in the introduction is fine, but it is the writing that is making things unclear - for example, perhaps all of the research being discussed supports the student's hypothesis that men are more risk -taking than women, b ut the student includes so much unnecessary information about the studies that this message gets lost. The point is, this feedback doesn't offer any insight into what the actual problem is, which means that it also doesn't offer any advice on how to improv e things. Try to avoid offering feedback like this! Example of good constructive feedback : 1. Pin -point the problem: E.g., “You spend an entire paragraph of your introduction discussing the Smith and Brown study, but it’s not clear how this research rela tes to your specific study or hypothesis. These authors found that males were more likely to X than females, but your study doesn’t examine gender.” 2. Specify why it is a problem: E.g., “Even though this study is interesting and related to the same genera l phenomenon that you are interested in, it doesn’t help you support your hypothesis that people in groups will be more likely to X than people who are alone. Everything that you discuss in your introduction should be helping you make the case for your spe cific study your introduction is all about building an argument for why this thing you are examining is interesting, why you are examining these particular variables and making this specific prediction, etc.” 3. Offer a concrete solution: “I would either cut this study from your introduction entirely, or just include it as an additional citation when you make the general claim that “A lot of research has examined whether various demographic factors affect people’s tendency to X (e.g., Li & Chen, 1999; Smi th & Brown, 2002), but few studies have examined the effect of group size…” If you’re not sure how to remedy it, you could also suggest a particular resource for them to review, or suggest that they speak to me. Note: As an author, you are under no obli gation to take the advice of your peers. It is up to you to decide whether the advice is good advice or not (and you can always check with me) . 4) Full research paper and cover letter : You will submit your final draft of your full manuscript (with cover letter) through eClass by 11:59pm on December 2 nd. The full research paper (a maximum of 15 double -spaced pages, including references) will include the following sections: a) A title page ; b) An abstract , in whic h you briefly outline: i. the problem under investigation (i.e., the hypotheses, the purpose, or research question); ii. the research method (including pertinent participant characteristics, the data collection process, and the manipulations or measures; iii. the findings (i.e.., the results without numbers); and iv. the discussion (i.e., the conclusions, implications, and/or applications of the study) . c) An introduction , in which you: i. introduce the problem or research question, and why it is important/interesting (1 paragraph); ii. review the relevant liter ature (in which you review at least 5 different empirical sources as support for the research hypothesis ; 3 -4 paragraphs) ; iii. present your method (at the conceptual level) and your hypotheses (1 paragraph). d) A method section , including: i. a brief Participants section (in which you describe the number of participants/observations, who your participants were, where you collected your data, and any other pertinent characteristics ; 1 paragraph ); and ii. a Procedures section (in which you detail how you operationalized your variables, the steps you took to observe unobtrusively, and how you recorded your observations; 1 paragraph). e) A results section , in which you simply report on the results of your analyses, and an interpretation of those results (1 short paragraph) ; f) A discussion , including comments on : i. how the results of the study compare to the hypotheses (1 paragraph); ii. whether or not the results a re supported by the previous literature (1 paragraph); iii. the strengths and limitations of the study (including comments on how well you operationalized your variables; whether you can generalize the results of your study to other participants or other settings; the statistical validity of the study in terms of the significance and strength of any effect s; and whether or not you can rule out alternative explanations or confounds and make a causal claim about your data ; 2-4 paragraphs); and iv. future directions for this line of research (including 2 concrete suggestions for what future studies might investiga te to build on your project, with only one suggestion involving a different sample/population; 1 paragraph). g) A references section , listing all sources cited in the paper in APA format . Resources for writing a research paper in APA format , including deta ils of what should be included in each section, are available on eClass, including: a) A “How to write APA style reports” document, which includes checklists for each portion of the paper, b) A series of APA video modules that complement that document, and c) A link to Grammarly, a free writing assistant. All students are encouraged to use the free version of Grammarly to receive feedback about their papers before the final submission. Your full paper submission will include: a) Your manuscript in a .doc, .doc x, .rtf, or .pdf format; b) The screenshot of the completed chi -square calculator, pasted into a word document (in .docx, or .doc, or .pdf format); c) Screenshots of the first page of all empirical sources cited in the research paper (again pasted into a word document in .docx, .doc, .rtf, or .pdf format), uploaded as a separa te document. Alternatively, you can upload all of the pdfs of your sources separately (Note: You will be allowed to upload a total of 20 documents). d) A cover letter: In your cover letter you will discuss whether you were able to fulfill your project goals, what sources you found the most valuable, and how you incorporated feedback (from TA or peer review comments on earlier drafts) into your final version of project. I will grade your papers out of 50 points , based on content (e.g., relevance and accuracy of information and sources) as well as format (e.g., grammar and flow, attention to APA style). Policy on Late Assignments and Pap ers: See the discussion of Oops T okens in the Expectations and Course Policies section of your syllabus. After exhausting your Oops Tokens, any late assignments will receive a zero, and full research papers will be penalized 20 % per each calendar day (or part thereof) late (e.g., if you submit the f ull research paper between 11:59pm on the due date and 11:59 pm on the nex t calendar day, you would lose 1 0 points out of 50 total points ). Please consider this penalty carefully , and remember that there is nothing you can do in a few minutes th at is worth 20% of your paper grade! If you are going to submit late and take the penalty, then take the whole day and try your best to make the penalty worth it . Otherwise, submit your (incomplete) paper on time.