Topic: Child and Adolescent Psychology Part 1: Reflection: Description of OccupationThis reflection should be 2 to 3 pages and include the following: Description of Occupation Why this occupation is i

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY: CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY

Annotated Bibliography: Child and Adolescent Psychology

Jordan Ogden

American Military University
December 1, 2024

Nesi, J. (2020). The impact of social media on youth mental health: Challenges and opportunities. North Carolina Medical Journal, 81(2), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.81.2.116

This article aims to present the effect of social media on the youth and the opportunities that it provides in the area of mental health. Jacqueline Nesi discusses problems like cyberbullying, social comparisons, and sleep disturbances that lead to anxiety and depression in adolescents. However, social media also provides a place for people to find an emotional connection and a sense of belonging, which is important, especially for minorities.

Nesi also stresses the importance of the differentiated assessment of the impact of social media on human health and points to the need for disseminating tips on using social media responsibly, including advice for adolescents. The article urges the integration of technological solutions across different disciplines to support mental health interventions.

Kwok, S. Y. C. L., Gu, M., & Tong, K. K. K. (2016). Positive psychology intervention to alleviate child depression and increase life satisfaction: A randomized clinical trial. Research on Social Work Practice, 26(4), 350-361. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731516629799

This paper assesses the effectiveness of a positive psychology intervention for children of 9-11 years in Hong Kong. Specifically, the themes that were introduced into the intervention included hope and gratitude to reduce depression and increase life satisfaction. Randomization was used to divide participants into intervention or control groups, and measures were taken before and after the intervention.

The results of the study indicated increased life satisfaction and decreased levels of depressive symptoms among the intervention group. The study shows how positive psychology can help handle mental health issues and foster strength in children.

Shoshani, A., & Slone, M. (2017). Positive education for young children: Effects of a positive psychology intervention for preschool children on subjective well-being and learning behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article 1866. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01866

This study evaluates the impact of a positive psychology intervention on the well-being and learning behaviors of preschool children. The experiment sample consisted of 315 children who were divided into treatment and comparison groups based on the random selection process. In one school year, students completed modules on gratitude, empathy, and resilience.

The results showed higher levels of subjective well-being and better learning behaviors in the students of the intervention group. The authors underscore the importance of enhancing emotional and social competencies during the period of early human development. This study underlines the need to adopt socio-emotional development activities as crucial components of early childhood education for long-term educational and psychological gains.

Valkenburg, P. M., Meier, A., & Beyens, I. (2022). Social media use and its impact on adolescent mental health: An umbrella review of the evidence. Current Opinion in Psychology, 44, 58–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.017

This umbrella review compiles data from 25 reviews that address the impact of social media on adolescent mental health. The meta-analysis reveals a low, albeit significant, correlation between the time spent on social media and mental health indicators such as anxiety and depression. It also reveals that the nature of these associations can vary between different studies.

The review also notes that the effects of social media are double-edged, depending on numerous factors, including the patterns of use, the characteristics of the users, and the social environment. Implications for future research include the need to employ consistent outcome measures and examine moderator variables for social media use and mental health outcomes. It also supports moderation in policy decisions and guides parents to ensure a proper balance between the benefits and the risks.

O’Reilly, M. (2020). Social media and adolescent mental health: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Journal of Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1714007

This paper is a qualitative study that explores the mental health effects of social media according to adolescents and professionals. People described the benefits, like social inclusion and relaxation, as well as the harms, including harassment and increased concern.

The outcome provides an understanding that social media is not always negative; its effects are relational to the usage frequency and the context. In the article, there is an emphasis on the need to take adolescents' digital literacy and self-narratives into account while determining the implications of social media use in mental health. This makes it necessary that there be enhanced education and prevention measures that will assist in having the most benefits while at the same time reducing or eradicating the drawbacks that are associated with it.

Khalaf, A. M., Alubied, A. A., Khalaf, A. M., & Rifaey, A. A. (2023). The impact of social media on the mental health of adolescents and young adults: A systematic review. Cureus, 15(8), Article e42990. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42990

This systematic review aims to explore the positive and negative effects of engaging in the use of social media among adolescents and young people. Although social media provides opportunities for positive effects like information access, social interaction, and self-identity expression, it entails negative consequences such as cyberbullying, poor sleep quality, and increased anxiety levels.

The results emphasize the multifaceted nature of social media involvement, which depends both on the actions of adolescents and the social context. The study also acknowledges the risks and benefits of using social media and recommends moderation. To counter the issues arising from the overuse of social media, the authors recommend adopting directives in clinical practice, aimed at emphasizing open communication, education, and application of functional strategies about the overuse of social networks.

Creswell, C., Nauta, M. H., Hudson, J. L., March, S., Reardon, T., Arendt, K., ... & Kendall, P. C. (2021). Research Review: Recommendations for reporting on treatment trials for child and adolescent anxiety disorders–an international consensus statement. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(3), 255-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13283

This article offers guidelines for enhancing the quality of reporting in treatment trials of child and adolescent anxiety disorders and is based on consensus. The review also notes the inconsistency in the use of outcome measures and non-uniformity in reporting across studies, limiting the comparison across studies.

The authors recommend a standard reporting of trial results to improve data comparability and promote evidence-based clinical practices. These guidelines are designed to enhance the quality and standardization of the identified research, which in turn, may facilitate progress in anxiety treatment. They also underscore the importance of engaging stakeholders in the fulfillment of these standards internationally.

Silvers, J. A. (2021). Adolescence is a pivotal period for emotion regulation development. Current Opinion in Psychology, 44, 258–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.09.023

This review can further the knowledge of adolescence as a particular developmental period for the learning of ER skills. Silvers discusses how caregiving experiences and parents’ behaviors affect the ER outcomes throughout this stage. Cognitive reappraisal is also described as one of the strategies to manage emotions in the review.

The baroness underscored adolescence as a developmental phase that is characterized by complex social and biological processes regarding ER skills. To support adolescents especially those who are at risk for psychopathology, the necessity to improve parental ER skills is underlined. Lastly, the authors present the directions for further research in the field, such as the investigation of neurobiological processes that underlie ER development in adolescence.

Owens, R. L., & Waters, L. (2020). What does positive psychology tell us about early intervention and prevention with children and adolescents? A review of positive psychological interventions with young people. The Journal of Positive Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1789706

This review evaluates positive psychological interventions in school and clinical contexts for children and adolescents. The authors put forward the classification of the approaches for identifying and fostering strengths, well-being, and resilience in learners. The study established that mindfulness was the most commonly applied strategy with supporting data on its efficiency in enhancing mental health.

The review also points out how the use of positive psychological interventions (PPIs) can potentially improve mental health by cultivating gratitude, hope, and positive emotions. It underscores the need to apply developmentally appropriate, dosage-sensitive, and contextually relevant prevention interventions so that the youth can be influenced positively. These authors support the expansion of the use of PPIs for both primary and secondary prevention.

Klinger, L. G., Cook, M. L., & Dudley, K. M. (2020). Predictors and moderators of treatment efficacy in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2020.1833735

The purpose of this research is to identify factors that influence treatment effectiveness for children with ASD. Variables like treatment dosage, parents’ involvement, and child’s characteristics like age and IQ were considered.

It highlights the need for a person-centered approach, stating that it is the most effective one. To advance knowledge on this subject, the authors advocate for additional investigations aimed at examining the multidimensional relations between child and treatment characteristics to optimize evidence-based practices and boost the efficiency of ASD interventions. They emphasize the importance of taking into account the family and environmental factors when developing a treatment plan.

Nesi, J. (2020). The impact of social media on youth mental health: Challenges and opportunities. North Carolina Medical Journal, 81(2), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.81.2.116

Nesi discusses the positive and negative uses of social media in adolescents, where the negative effects include cyber victimization, social comparison, and sleep disturbances that lead to anxiety and depression. Advantages include the promotion of social relationships and emotional support, especially to excluded communities like the gay and lesbian youth.

The article argues that there is a need for a more nuanced understanding of specific risk factors and protective factors and calls for more long-term research in the area to inform policies and practices. It also considers the utilization of social media for precise screening and large-scale dissemination of mental health interventions, striving to identify risks and benefits optimally.