General Instructions PICOT Question: In adult patients with diabetes how does the NP using a diabetic educational program compared to regular diabetic care increase self-management behaviors for di

PICOT Statement

State your PICOT statement from Week 2 in the standard format and label each element ( e.g., P, I, C, O, T).

Population (P): Adult patients with diabetes

Intervention (I): Nurse Practitioner (NP)-led diabetic educational program

Comparison (C): Regular diabetic care

Outcome (O): Increased self-management behaviors

Timeframe (T): Over a 6-month period

Original Research Articles

Full reference for article (APA Format) and Chamberlain University hyperlink

Population (P): Adult patients with diabetes

Intervention (I): Nurse Practitioner (NP)-led diabetic educational program

Comparison (C): Regular diabetic care

Outcome (O): Increased self-management behaviors

Timeframe (T): Over a 6-month period

Purpose and Type of Research

This randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of a nurse-led integrative medicine-based structured education program on self-management behaviors, glycemic control, and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received the nurse-led integrative medicine-based structured education program, or the control group, which received usual care. The intervention lasted for 6 months.

Sample and Participants

The study included 120 adult patients with type 2 diabetes from a community health service center.

Study Findings

The intervention group showed significant improvements in self-management behaviors, glycemic control (as measured by HbA1c levels), and quality of life compared to the control group.

Limitations of the Study

The study was conducted in a single center, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.

Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention

This study supports the effectiveness of nurse-led educational programs in enhancing self-management behaviors and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Original Research Articles

Full reference for article (APA Format) and Chamberlain University hyperlink

Yue, Y., Li, Y., & Chen, X. (2022). The effects of a nurse-led integrative medicine-based structured education program on self-management behaviors, glycemic control, and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Nursing, 21(1), 1-10.

Purpose and Type of Research

This randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of a nurse-led integrative medicine-based structured education program on self-management behaviors, glycemic control, and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received the nurse-led integrative medicine-based structured education program, or the control group, which received usual care. The intervention lasted for 6 months.

Sample and Participants

The study included 120 adult patients with type 2 diabetes from a community health service center.

Study Findings

The intervention group showed significant improvements in self-management behaviors, glycemic control (as measured by HbA1c levels), and quality of life compared to the control group.

Limitations of the Study

The study was conducted in a single center, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.

Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention

This study supports the effectiveness of nurse-led educational programs in enhancing self-management behaviors and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Synthesis Articles

Full reference for article (APA Format)

Odgers-Jewell, K., Ball, L. E., Kelly, J. T., Isenring, E. A., & Thomas, R. (2017). Effectiveness of group-based self-management education for individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review with meta-analyses and meta-regression. Diabetic Medicine, 34(8), 1027-1039.

Purpose and Type of Research

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of group-based self-management education programs on clinical, lifestyle, and psychosocial outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Search strategy

A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials published up to January 2016.

Discussion of Inclusion Criteria

Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials evaluating group-based self-management education programs for adults with type 2 diabetes.

Study Findings

The meta-analysis found that group-based self-management education programs led to significant improvements in HbA1c levels, diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, and quality of life.

Limitations of the Study

Heterogeneity among the included studies and the potential for publication bias were noted as limitations.

Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention

The findings support the implementation of group-based self-management education programs, which can be effectively led by nurse practitioners, to improve outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Clinical Practice Guideline

Full reference for article (APA Format)

Powers, M. A., Bardsley, J., Cypress, M., Duker, P., Funnell, M. M., Fischl, A. H., ... & Vivian, E. (2015). Diabetes self-management education and support in type 2 diabetes: A joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The Diabetes Educator, 41(4), 417-430.

Purpose and Type of Research

This joint position statement provides evidence-based guidelines for diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Systematic Review of Literature

The guideline is based on a comprehensive review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and meta-analyses that assessed the impact of DSMES on diabetes outcomes. Studies from peer-reviewed journals were included, with a focus on education programs led by nurse practitioners (NPs), diabetes educators, and dietitians.

Stakeholders and Peer Review:

The guideline was developed collaboratively by three major organizations:

The American Diabetes Association (ADA)

The American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE)

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

It underwent peer review by diabetes care specialists, nurse practitioners, and patient advocacy groups.

Stakeholders and Peer Review

The guideline was developed collaboratively by three major organizations:

The American Diabetes Association (ADA)

The American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE)

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

It underwent peer review by diabetes care specialists, nurse practitioners, and patient advocacy groups.

Study Findings

The guideline emphasizes that DSMES programs significantly improve:

Self-management behaviors (e.g., medication adherence, dietary choices, and physical activity)

Glycemic control (as measured by HbA1c levels)

Emotional well-being and quality of life

Long-term health outcomes (e.g., reduction in diabetes-related complications).

Evidence suggests that NP-led education programs are particularly effective due to their patient-centered approach and ability to provide continuous care and follow-up.

Strength of Recommendations

The guideline provides strong recommendations based on Level I evidence (systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs). It highlights:

The importance of individualized education based on patient needs

The role of NPs in delivering DSMES programs

The cost-effectiveness of structured education in diabetes care

Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention

This guideline supports the implementation of NP-led diabetic education programs as an effective intervention for improving self-management behaviors in adults with type 2 diabetes. It aligns directly with the PICOT question, demonstrating that structured education led by NPs leads to better patient outcomes than standard care alone.