American History class

U.S. History 1301 Unit 1: Pre -Columbian America ----- Colonial Period to 1763 Identifications/Definitions/Individuals Identifications require that you can answer the following questions thoroughly: Who, What, When, Where, How, Why (Cause), and Result (Effect)? You must cover political, economic, social and cultural aspects of the item in order to show its true significance. The definition/explanation of a term & individuals should be in the context of the period of history to which they relate. You should associate items and place them in a picture of events that you can also pla ce in the proper time sequence. You are also responsible for knowing/recognizing overall concepts, trends, policies, etc. for this time frame. Worlds Collide Beringia Anasazi/Cahokia Conquistadors Reformation Lost Colony Martin Luthe r/John Calvin Paleo -Indians Matrilineal Intercontinental Ex. Renaissance French Settlements/Trade Christopher Columbus Archaic Period Polytheistic Feudalism Calvinism/Predestination Henry VIII/ Elizabeth I Folsom/Clovis DeS oto/Coronado Hernan Cortes Anglican Church LaSalle Sir Walter Raleigh Maya/Inca/Aztec Reconquista Black Death Topics Outline: I. Collision of Worlds ? A. Different Worlds 1. Native Americans a. Ancient (1 st) Americans 1. 1908/ George McJunkin 2. Folsom /Clovis b. Asian Origins 1. Major Developments a. Adaptation b. Climate Change 2. Beringia c. Paleo -Indians 1. Big Game 2. Archaic Period 3. Hunter -Gatherers d. Ancient Societies 1. Below Rio Grande EXAMPLES 2. Above the Rio Grande a. Anasazis/SW -“ancient alien ones” b. Mississippian Cultures - Mound Builders - Cahokia e. Native Amer ican Diversity 1. Population 2. Europeans 3. Native Diversity a. Language b. Religion c. Economics d. Political Loyalty/ Organization EXAMPLES 1. Great Basin Indians 2. Iroquois League e. NAs vs. Europeans Cultural Perceptions 1. Status of Women 2. Individualism vs. Communalism 3. Land Ownership 2. Europe on the Eve of Discovery a. Medieval Mayhem b. Birth of Nations c. Catholic Church d. Reformation 1. Martin Luther 2. John Calvin 3. English Reformation B. Contact 1. Nation Building a. East b. Portuguese c. Christopher Columbus 2. Why Spain? 3. Consequences of Wealth 4. The Intercontinental (Columbian) Exchange 5. Spanish Explorers C. Where’s the Competition? Be able to answer all/any of the following : 1. Who were the Anasazi and where were they located in North America? Where were the Mississippian Mound - Builders located and what was a major city attributed to them (named)? What were Native American cultures that traced their ancestry through the m other’s family line? 2. What was the Intercontinental (Columbian) Exchange? Was trading with Europeans harmful to the natives? If so, how and why? 3. What was the difference between the English and Native American understanding of land ownership? Why were Native Americans an ineffective source of slave labor? 4. What were the results of the Black Death in Europe? 5. What was the Reformation? When did it begin and who led the way? What was the result in Europe? 6. Why did western Europe an countries support explorations? What were they seeking and why? 7. Who were the 2 important Portuguese explorers and just exactly what did they accomplish? 8. When was the date of discovery? Who backed Christopher Columbus financially? 9. Why i s he credited with this great “discovery” instead of others that might have come before him? 10. Why were the Spanish so far ahead of the rest of western Europe in exploring the New World? Why did they have the advantage? What was the “reconquista”? What were the messages expressed by Bartolome de Las Casas in A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indes in 1552? 11. What were the primary reason s the following countries were drawn to the New World: Spain, France, The Netherlands, England ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- European Transplantation Jamestown/Virginia Wampanoag Mayflower Compact Dutch Colony John Winthrop James Oglethorpe Powhatan Puritans English Civil War Iroquois Roger Williams John Smith/ John Rolfe Indentured Servants Pilgrims/Plymouth Restoration Staple Crops Anne Hutchinson William Penn Headrigh t System Mass. Bay Colony Quakers Charles I & II Pocahontas C. Calvert/Lord Baltimore House of Burgesses Congregationalists Holy Experiment Oliver Cromwell Henry Hudson Eliza Lucas Pinckney Topics Outline: II. Transp lantation, 1600 -1685 A. English in the Chesapeake 1.Virginia/Jamestown a. Gold & NW Passage b. John Smith/John Rolfe c. Work Force! d. Headright System e. House of Burgesses f. Demands of Tobacco 2. Maryland a. Proprietary Colony b. Lord Baltimore/Calvert Family c. Catholics d. Economics B. Establishment of New England  Puritans: Congregationalists 1. Pilgrims & Plymouth a. Separatists b. Mayflower Compact c. Wampanoag d. 1 st Harvest 2. Massachusetts Bay Colony a. Getting Started b. John Winthrop c. Life for Puritans d. Dissenters 1. Roger Williams 2. Anne Hutchinson C. English Civil War 1. Charles I 2. Puritan Republic/Cromwell 3. Consequences in New England D. Restoration & the Proprietary Colonies 1. Restoration: Charles II 2. West Indies 3. Proprietary Colonies a. Carolina b. New York & New Jersey c. Pennsylvania: “Penn’s Woods”/Delaware 4. Georgia Be able to answer all/any of the following : 12. When was Jamestown founded and by whom (country, group, individuals)? What were they seeking in the New Worl d? What was the preferred labor force in early Virginia? When and why was the transition made to slaves? How was capital raised to establish the first English settlements in North America? 13. What were the Headright System and the House of Burgesses? Wha t became the preferred labor force in early Virginia? When did Virginia make the transition to slavery and why? 14. What was the Northwest Passage? 15. Puritans settled in what region of the North American British colonies? Starting where? When? 16. Why did they want to “purify” the Anglican Church? Puritans believed in what doctrine? Who originated this doctrine? 17. What did Quakers believe? Where did they settle? When? 18. What was a proprietary colony? Royal? Joint -stock? 19. Did all of t he English colonies operate the same? Were there differences between them? You should especially be aware of the differences between Massachusetts and Virginia. Know the time sequence that each area of the colonies were settled. 20. Compare and Contrast Q uakers and Puritans using the information covered in class. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------- ------ Creation of a New World Northern Trade Wars Consequences of Settlement Bacon’s Rebellion Slave Codes Nathanial Bacon Consequences of Trade Pueblo Revolt Triangle Trade? Middle Passage El Pope Franciscans/Dominicans Jesuits King Philip’s War “factories” Metacom Topics Outline: III. A New World? A. Indians & Europeans (Conflicts) 1. Northern Trade Wars a. Consequences of Trade b. The Conflict 2. Colonial Conflict a. King Philip’s War b. Bacon’ s Rebellion c. The Pueblo Revolt B. Slavery 1. Transition to Slavery 2. Slave Trade a. Acquisition b. European Involvement c. The Middle Passage 1. Transport 2. Sale Be able to answer all/any of the following : 21. For the natives, what were the consequences of trade with the Europeans? What was the cause of the Northern Trade Wars? Were European countries involved? Which ones? 22. Where and when was the Pueblo Revolt ? Who was the main leader and what sparked the revolt? How did the Franciscan missionaries regard native religion? 23. What were the final results of Bacon’s Rebellion? What was Bacon trying to accomplish? 24. What were the causes and results of King Phi lip’s War? When? Where? 25. How did most Africans lose their freedom? What was the Middle Passage? How did New England benefit/profit from the slave trade? When did the 1 st African slaves arrive in the English colonies on the North American continent? Whe re? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------- ------- Independent Development & Conflict Mercantilism Glorious Revolution Great Awakening Fren ch & Indian War William & Mary Navigation Acts Vice Admiralty Courts Virtual/Actual Representation James II Colonial Raw Materials Salem Witch Trials Backcountry Treaty of Paris/1763 Dominion of New England The Enlightenment Albany Congress & Alban y Plan of Union Topics Outline: IV. American Development & Colonial Warfare A. Economic Trade 1. Mercantilism a. Adam Smith b. Navigation Acts - Purpose c. Principles of British Regulation 2. Colonial Raw Materials - Review B. Colonial Politics 1. Dominion of New England 2. Glorious Revolution of 1688 a. James II / William & Mary b. Impact in New Engla nd 3. Salem Witch Trials 4. The Enlightenment 5. Great Awakening 6. American Politics & Government a. Differences: Virtual v. Actual Representation b. Role of Colonial Governors C. Colonial Expansion Du ring the 18 th Century 1. Backcountry 2. Spanish Territories 3. French Territories D. 18 th Century Colonial Warfare 1. Colonial Warfare from 1689 -1754 2. French & Indian War, 1754 -1763 Seven Years War (1756 -1763) a. The Beginning b. The Albany Congress 1. Purpose 2. Albany Plan of Union - Provisions c. The War 1. French Advantage - Montcalm 2. Quebec/The Plains of Abraham/Wolfe 3. Montreal d. Treaty of Paris of 1763 1. Provisions 2. Results 3. Why is it the War that made America? Be able to answer all/any of the following : 26. What was the Enlightenment? Great Awakening? 27. What serious error did France make in the French and Indian War? 28. What was the Albany Plan of Union? 29. What and where was the backcountry? 30. Explain the concept of British mercantilism. Who came up wi th the phrase “mercantilism”? When and How? How was the British system regulated? What were the four (4) principles of British mercantilism covered in class (name and explain each one properly)? 31. What were the provisions of the Treaty of Paris of 1763 as covered in class? Explain each one. 32. What were the overall results of the Treaty of Paris of 1763 as covered in class”? Clearly cover the Results/Effect in North America, France, even worldwide. Think about how the British colonists viewed the dras tic changes. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- Associations and Identifications: Who and/or what are they and in what area do they belong? Use the map provided on page #5. John Smith Roger Williams Wampanoag Bacon’s Rebellion General Court John Rolfe Anne Hutchinson Quakers King Philip’s War Haven for Catholics John Winthrop Met acom Puritans House of Burgesses Mayflower Compact James Oglethorpe Nathaniel Bacon Iroquois Holy Experiment William Penn William Berkeley Powhatan Headright System Cecilius Calvert John White John Calvin El Pope Economic Associations : Match the colony/region with raw materials/economic enterprise Chesapeake Bay Colonies – includes what colonies? Now match them with their raw materials or New England – includes what colonies? economic enterprise! Caribbean (West Indies) – Briti sh have any territory there? Middle Colonies – includes what colonies? Lower South – includes what colonies? North Carolina South Carolina Georgia The Following page (5) is the worksheet that you must bring to class on a specific date for participati on purposes. Check the Schedule in the Syllabus for that date. The next page contains the map that will be used on the Map Quiz for this Unit. You must be able to locate any / all of the areas listed on that page. See the Schedule in the Syllabus for the date of the map quiz. This map will also be used on exam #1 in a n association section (what or whom can you associate with a colony / region and do you know where the colony / region is on the map). See the Schedule in the Syllabus for the date of the exam. The last page contains the reading assignments for the 1 st Readings Test. The two articles are in the American Perspective s on -line reader. It contains the name of the articles and the questions that will be used to make up the readings test. Not all questions will be used on any given test. Virginia vs. Massachu setts Compare & Contrast the these areas by answering the following questions: 1. What was the nationality of the colonists that originally settled the area? Virginia – Plymouth – Massachusetts Bay – 2. What was the original motive of the settlers for colonization? (Why did they come to America?) Virginia – Plymouth – Massachusetts Bay – 3. What was the population make -up of the original colonists? Virginia – Plymouth – Massachusetts Bay -- 4. What led to the establishment of or actually established government in the area? Virginia – Plymouth – Massachusetts Bay – 5. What was the population growth rate of the area (rapid, slow)? Why (explain your answer)? Virginia – Massachusetts – 6. What type of mortality rate do you believe they had (high, low)? Why (explain your answer)? Virginia – Massachusetts – 7. How & where did the colonists settle within the colony? Were they clustered or dispersed? How & for what purpose? Virginia -- Massachusetts – 8. What do you believe was the quality of life for the colonist and why? Virginia – Massachusetts – 9. The colony’s economy was based on what? Virginia – Massachusetts – Before the English Civil War? After the English Civil War? U.S. History 1301 / Readings Test #1 / Study Questions The questions on the test will be SPECIFIC to the following articles from AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES . Students should refer to a DICTIONARY to define any vocabulary found in these articles that they do not understand. #1 -- The Jamestown Fiasco / Edmund S. Mor gan / American Perspectives , Vol. 1 I. Identify : You must be comfortable with the following individuals/terms and their importance in Jamestown. Edmund Morgan George Percy Virginia Company John Rolfe Christopher Newport James Davis “Starving Time” Jamestown Powhatan John Smith Sir Thomas Gates Lawes Divine Thomas Dale Pocahontas Lord De la Warr mercantilism II. Questions : Keep events in the proper sequence (timeframe). 1. Wh at mistakes did the early settlers at Jamestown make that threatened their survival? 2. Why were the Jamestown settlers unable or unwilling to feed themselves? 3. What role did John Smith play in the history of Jamestown? 4. What steps did leaders of the joint -stock company take in 1609 to reorganize Jamestown to protect their investment? 5. What, according to the author , saved Jamestown from extinction? 6. Why were the relations between the Jamestown settlers and Na tive Americans in the area strained? 7. What did Smith mean by the “character of the immigrants” was one of the major problems that had to be overcome in order for Jamestown to survive? 8. What did the joint -stock company do that contributed to the ea rly failures of the Jamestown settlement? How did their policies and programs undermine the settlement? 9. What did the settlers do between 1607 & 1612 rather than growing their own crops? 10. Why is John Rolfe identified as the “savior” of Jamestown? 11. Why did the men who arrived in Jamestown in 1607 -1609 resent John Smith? 12. What were John Smith’s views toward Native Americans? 13. What provisions were established by the Lawes Divine, Morall, and Martiall ? 14. What had John Smith been involved in p rior to joining the Jamestown expedition (his adventures)? 15. What did the Englishmen who left for North America expect to find upon their arrival? What were the sources of their expectations? 16. What did Gates and De la Warr do to bring order to James town? How did their efforts compare to John Smith’s? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- #2. Native Reactions to the Invasion of America/ American Perspectives, Vol. 1 1. How did Native Americans react to the European invasion? 2. Why is the use of the word “encounter” inadequate as used in the term “Columbian Encounter”? 3. How did Native Americans regard Europeans upon initial contact and how did they react ? 4. How did Europeans regard Native Americans upon initial contact? 5. What were the reasons epidemic diseases killed huge numbers of natives? 6. How did Native Americans react to the depopulation and dislocation that came as a result of the European invasion of their lands and the disease epidemics? What actions did they take? 7. Why did some Native American groups convert to Christianity? 8. What does the author suggest about why we should or should not attribute the Native American situation to Columbus and the other European explorers? 9. What does the author say is the greatest difference or differences between the Columbian observances of 1882 and 1992?