3000 word essay. The descriptions is below and I have attached the first essay that went before this assignment.

Running head: DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN

Development in Children

Name

Institution

Early childhood is the stage of growing into maturity. Children have various stages which include the following; newborn, infant, toddler, preschooler, adolescent and others. There are various issues concerning early childhood (Jenks, 2002). The following are the main issues about early childhood;

1. Constructions of childhood.

2. Wellbeing movement in early childhood

3. Ethics in early childhood Assessment presentation and others.

These issues explain more about early childhood and enable people to know more about evolution of a child from one generation to another. In psychology defined early childhood as time period from the age of two six or seven years. There three development stages which include; Physical growth and development, Cognitive growth and development and Social-emotional growth and development.

The constructions of childhood are evolved from newborn who range from zero to five weeks. Secondly infant who are in between five weeks to one year, thirdly toddler are children between one year to three years (Jenks, 2002). Preschooler is another stage of childhood who range between three years to five years and school aged child is from five years to seven years. During the constructions of childhood have various challenges in different stages. Newborn child have many challenges. Newborn child have sleeping problem which give parents sleepless night ,also another problem is breastfeeding when the child is less than five weeks her mother have a problem when breastfeeding him or her. Crying is the major challenge to newborn child which can affect the health crisis. Those challenges have solution to enable a newborn to maintain his or her health. Solutions are as follows;

1. To make newborn to sleep well is the work of her mother to breastfeed him or her, change the child pampers and comfort her or him this will make the child to sleep without any problem.

2. A mother to know that his or her child is satisfied after feeding, the breast feel softer after nursing. After a feeding, your baby seems relaxed.

3. What causes a child to cry is hunger, stomach problem and sickness which can be solved by her mother to breast the child and ensure the medical situation of a child.

Another stage is infant child, is a child whose age is between five weeks to one year. A child encounters series of problems during the stage (Sambell, Miller, & Gibson, 2005). Infant have crying problem, sickness and stomach problem. During the stage the mother is supposed to know her or his child very well and understand a child very well. Another challenge is hunger to an infant which can cause a child to cry. The solution to infant problem is a mother to ensure his or her child to be satisfied in terms of feeding and take care of him or her both medically and comfort. These problems mainly affect those mothers that have given birth for the first time because they do not know how the child is supposed to be handled. The child starts now to use solid and liquid food at this generation. When a mother is arrogant, she can lose the child. Thirdly a toddler is a child that is free in the world .He or she is able to walk and talk with others. At this age is the beginning of series of activities to a child. The development begins in this phase which includes growing, begins speaking and others. At this stage there is progression to a child because he or she prepares to begin early childhood education. Preschooler child is at the age to begin education at early childhood development education and is at the age of three years to seven years. During this stage the teachers are the one to care of the children.

Wellbeing movement in early childhood is the following aspect;

Incorporates both physical and psychological aspect and is central belonging, being and becoming. Here talks more about good physical health, feelings of happiness, satisfaction and successful social functioning. It influences the way children interact in their environments. A strong sense of wellbeing provides children with confidence and optimism which maximize their learning potential. It encourages the development of children’s innate exploratory drive, a sense of agency and a desire to interact with responsive others (Sambell, Miller, & Gibson, 2005).

It is correlated with resilience, providing children with the capacity to cope with day-to day stress and challenges. The readiness to persevere when faced with unfamiliar and challenging learning situations creates the opportunity for success and achievement. Children’s learning and physical development is evident through their movement patterns from physical dependence and reflex actions at birth, to the integration of sensory, motor and cognitive systems for organized, controlled physical activity for both purpose and enjoyment (Zerucha, 2004). Children’s wellbeing can be affected by all their experiences within and outside of their early childhood settings. To support children’s learning, it is essential that educators attend to children’s wellbeing by providing warm, trusting relationships, predictable and safe environments, affirmation and respect for all aspects of their physical, emotional, social, cognitive, linguistic, creative and spiritual being. By acknowledging each child’s cultural and social identity, and responding sensitively to their emotional states, educators build children’s confidence, sense of wellbeing and willingness to engage in learning (Zerucha, 2004).

Learning about healthy lifestyles, including nutrition, personal hygiene, physical fitness, emotions and social relationships is integral to wellbeing and self-confidence. Physical wellbeing contributes to children’s ability to concentrate, cooperate and learn. As children become more independent they can take greater responsibility for their health, hygiene and personal care and become mindful of their own and others’ safety (Zerucha, 2004). Routines provide opportunities for children to learn about health and safety. Good nutrition is essential to healthy living and enables children to be active participants in play. Early childhood settings provide many opportunities for children to experience a range of healthy foods and to learn about food choices from educators and other children. Physical activity and attention to fine and gross motor skills provide children with the foundations for their growing independence and satisfaction in being able to do things for themselves.

Children become strong in their social and emotional wellbeing. This is evident, for example, when children:

• Demonstrate trust and confidence

• Remain accessible to others at times of distress, confusion and frustration

• Share humor, happiness and satisfaction

• Seek out and accept new challenges, make new discoveries, and celebrate their own efforts and achievements and those of others

• Increasingly co-operate and work collaboratively with others

• Enjoy moments of solitude

• Recognize their individual achievement

• Make choices, accept challenges, take considered risks, manage change and cope with frustrations and the unexpected

• Show an increasing capacity to understand, self-regulate and manage their emotions in ways that reflect the feelings and needs of others. Children are educated on how to carry out the activities.

Children take more responsibility for their own health and physical wellbeing. It consists of the following;

 Are happy, healthy, safe and connected to others

 Engage in increasingly complex sensory motor skills and movement patterns

 Combine gross and fine motor movement and balance to achieve increasingly complex patterns of activity including dance, creative movement and drama

 Use their sensory capabilities and dispositions with increasing integration, skill and purpose to explore and respond to their world

 Demonstrate spatial awareness and orient themselves, moving around and through their environments confidently and safely. The educator provides education on those evident in the following ways.

 Plan for and participate in energetic physical activity with children, including dance, drama, movement and games

 Draw on family and community experiences and expertise to include familiar games and physical activities in play

 Provide a wide range of tools and materials to resource children’s fine and gross motor skills

 Actively support children to learn hygiene practices

 Promote continuity of children’s personal health and hygiene by sharing ownership of routines and schedules with children, families and the community

 Discuss health and safety issues with children and involve them in developing guidelines to keep the environment safe for all.

Another issue with early childhood is ethics in early childhood assessment of presentation. Ethics in children involves the following social and emotions. Social ethics in children is the interaction, playing together and also exchange of ideas with one another in their young age. All these exercise enable children to be more active and healthy during childhood (Salkind, 2006). Early childhood development education assists the children to understand others more through their teachers. Social factors enable children to discover their talents and abilities in different areas.

Emotional factor is more about feelings, how to manage friends and to know to solve problems. Children are supposed to know how to handle their feelings. Parents are also needed to advice their children on how to handle feelings and to allow emotions to control them. The parents are in a position to know whether their child is feeling happy or angry and this factor might affect the growth of a child (Salkind, 2006). Apart from parents we also have teachers during their early childhood development education in school. Teachers talks more to them on how to relate with us and be able to control their feeling not to cause harm to others during playing.

Behavior is another important aspect to a child, because is the foundation of a child on how to carry him or herself to others. Today’s lifestyles, most young children are not moving enough. Yet the early years are critical, both for children physical and psychological growth and developing long life healthy behavior. Countries are developing physical activity guidelines from zero to five year period. Ensuring that childcare centers and preschools provide children with outdoor play equipment and indoor play space can help (Salkind, 2006). Parents play the most important role in a life of a child by taking them to swimming, to the park and dancing which make a child to be more active. This enables children to have good social and emotional factors in life. Construction in childhood, wellbeing movement in early childhood and ethics in early childhood assessment presentation has been explained. 

References

Jenks, C. (2002). Childhood (1st ed.). London: Routledge.

Sambell, K., Miller, S., & Gibson, M. (2005). Studying childhood and early childhood (1st ed.). London: Paul Chapman.

Zerucha, T. (2004). Human development (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers.

Salkind, N. (2006). Encyclopedia of human development (1st ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.