final paper

1 Running head: SHORTENED TITLE Title Your First Name Your Last Name Course Title Instructor’s Name Date Submitted Margins should be one inch on all sides. To change your margins, select File | Page Setup from the Margins tab on the Word menu bar. (Header and Footer margins, on t he Layout tab, should always remain at 0.5 inches.) To center a line in Microsoft Word, select Format | Paragraph from the Microsoft Word menu bar.

Then, on the Indents and Spacing tab, choose Centered from the drop-down list next to the word Alignment . To insert a header in Microsoft Word, select View | Header and Footer from the Word menu bar. Then, left justify the line and type “Running head” and a shortened version of the title of your paper in all caps. Next, insert an automatic page number by choosing the Insert Page Number button on the Header and Footer toolbar.

Be sure to select “Different on First Page.” APA papers require a title page. In the top half of the page, include all information shown below, centered and double-spaced. Please note that Ashford University APA guidelines require title pages to include the c ourse instructor’s name and date. This requirement is spe cific to Ashford and is not included in the APA publicati on guidelines as outlined in the APA Publication Manual (6 th edition). 2 SHORTENED TITLE Title [Centered, Upper and Lowercase] Use a 12-point Times New Roman font throughout your paper. (This text is 12- point Times New Roman.) Double-space after the titl e and begin the text of your paper.

Indent the first line of text in each paragraph in the paper. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here more text here more text h ere. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here. More text here more text here more text here. Whenever you include ideas that are not your own or are not common knowledge, whether you quote or paraphrase, you must cite your source. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. Your entire paper should be double-spaced. Use the automatic double-spacing command (accessible through Format | Paragraph from the Word menu bar, under Line Spacing . (Do not press the Enter key twice at the end of each line.) The automatic double-spacing will make it much easier to revise your paper later! Generally, citations should have the last name of t he author and the year of publication. Direct quotations shou ld include the page number as well. Use a ragged right margin (left justified) rather t han an even right margin (full justified). To do this, pla ce your cursor in the paragraph and select Format | Paragraph from Microsoft Word’s main menu, and in the drop- down box beside Alignment, choose Left . Align your text along the left margin by selecting Format | Paragraph from the Word menu bar. Then, on the Indents and Spacing tab, choose Left from the drop-down list next to the word Alignment. 3 SHORTENED TITLE When you want to insert a short quotation (fewer than 40 words), include it as part of the current line. For instance, one of my f avorite quotes by C. S. Lewis (1984) is from his book Till We Have Faces . It goes, “Why should your heart not dance?” (p. 9 6).

After quoting, you need a citation. If you have alr eady mentioned the author in your text, then you need only the year of publication and the page number for a direct quote. If you have not mentioned the author in text, then include the author’s last name in the citation.

For example, I also like this quote, “I do not thin k that all who choose wrong roads perish; but their rescue consists in being put back on the right road” (Lewis, 1963, p. 6).

More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. Now I want to discuss chocolate. Chocolate is one o f my favorite topics. I have this book called 10,000 Dreams Interpreted , and it talks about what it means if you dream about chocolate: To dream of chocolate, denotes you will provide abu ndantly for those who are dependent on you. To see chocolate candy, indic ates agreeable companions and employments. If sour, illness or oth er disappointments will follow. To drink chocolate, foretells you will prosper after a short period of unfavorable reverses. (Miller, 1997, p. 1 43) When you want to include a quotation of 40 words or more in length, then you indent the entire quotation one-half inch, or five to seven sp aces, in block/displayed quotation style.

Do not use quotation marks around a quotation displ ayed this way. Note that with other This example shows block/displayed quotation style. Block quotes should be double-spaced. 4 SHORTENED TITLE citations you put the period after the citation, but with block/displayed quotations, you place the period before the citation. In my further studies of dreams and chocolate, I ch ecked out a Web site to see if it agreed with the Miller book. The site said, “To see chocolate in your dream signifies self- reward. It also denotes that you may be indulging i n too many excesses and need to practice some restraint” (Dream Moods, 2003, p. C3) . In this case, the only author listed is the group author of the Web site, an organizatio n called “Dream Moods.” The group does not use page numbers on their site, so I wrote “C3” because I found the information under page 3 of the “C” entries. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here. You should start a new paragraph whenever you begin to write about a new idea.

Paragraphs have no specific minimum or maximum leng th, but make sure to try to cover each topic adequately without boring your reader or inserting irrelevant information. A good general rule of thumb is to have no more than ten typewritten lines in a paragraph.

More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. more text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. Now, what if you want to use a quotation from the A shford University Online Library? For instance, this quotation is interestin g: “Indiana teacher Richard Beamer trusts his students with his life. Last fall Beamer fulfilled his longtime dream of flying Remember, the purpose of citations and the References page at the end of your paper is to give the reader enough information to locate the information in the source. Additional APA Format Tips:

All terminal punctuation (e.g., period, question ma rk) is followed by two spaces. One space is used in reference citations, initials, abbreviations, and with commas, colons, and semicolons.

Do not hyphenate words at the end of a line.

Always have at least two lines of a paragraph at th e top or bottom of a page.

(Select Format | Paragraph from the Word menu bar. Then, on the Line and Page Breaks tab, check Widow/Orphan control .) 5 SHORTENED TITLE west at treetop level in a plane built by his fifth-grade students at So uthward Elementary School” (Arce, 2003, p. 38-39). If you want to reference a work that has two author s, you list both authors in your citation. For instance, I often use Mad Libs to teach basic grammar concepts to my students. After all, sentences like “Who could real ly [VERB] that there were two [PLURAL NOUN] in space?” (Price & Stern, 2001, p. 2 5) are much more fun than diagramming sentences. You should not always include direct quotations. In most cases, try to put the author’s ideas in your own words (paraphrase). When you paraphrase, you still need a citation. For instance, if I am thinking about atti tudes towards education, I could tell you that Bunt and Yang (2002) examine the Adult Attitud e Toward Continuing Education Scale (AACES) to determine its effectiveness. This parenthetical reference requires only the year because I mentioned the authors in the tex t, I followed the mention directly with what they said, and I listed the source on the Refe rences page. However, if I tell you that the attitudes of college students are more easily i nfluenced by peers than faculty norms (Milem, 1998), then this reference requires the aut hor’s name in a citation because I did not mention the author in the text. Neither referen ce requires a page number because the references are not direct (word-for-word) quotation s.

I hope this sample paper is a useful aid in helping you prepare your Ashford University student papers. Remember to check the As hford Writing Center for more detailed information about APA style. Also, please remember that your instructor has the right to modify these guidelines for a specific cla ss. 6 SHORTENED TITLE References Arce, I. (2003). Flying high. NEA Today , 21 (4), 38-39. Bunt, A., & Yang, B. (2002). Factor structure of the adult attitudes toward adult and continuing education scale and its capacity to predict participation behavior:

Evidence for adoption of a revised scale. Adult Education Quarterly: A Journal of Research and Theory, 52 (4), 299-314.

Dream Moods. (2003, January 6). Dream dictionary . Retrieved January 14, 2003, from http://www.dreammoods.com/dreamdictionary/c2.htm Lewis, C. S. (1963). The great divorce . New York 1 <: Macmillan.

Lewis, C.S. (1984). Till we have faces . San Diego, CA: Harcourt.

Microsoft Word 2000 [Computer Software]. (1999). Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.

Milem, J. F., (1998). Attitude change in college students: Examining the effect of college peer groups and faculty normative groups. The Journal of Higher Education, 69 (2), 117-140.

Miller, G. H. (1997). 10,000 dreams interpreted or what’s in a dream . Chicago , /: Rand McNally.

Price, R. & Stern, L. (2001). Mad libs: The original #1 mad libs . Ne w York 1 <: Price 6 W H U Q Sloan.

Alphabetize your references by author. Abbreviate first and middle names. If you have more than one entry with the same author AND published in the same year, add a lowercase letter after the year both here and in your in-text citations, for instance, (2001a) and (2001b). If the author is a group rather than an individual, list the work with the group name. Use a hanging indent. Select Format | Paragraph from the Word menu bar and Hanging under Special. Online library entry should be cited the same as a print article. If a Digital Objective Identifier (DOI) is available, it should be used in place of the URL.