DB 6

Organizational Design Chapter 6 Charles R. Swanson, Leonard Territo, and Robert W. Taylor Police Administration: Structures, Processes, and Behavior (Eighth Edition) Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Organizing Identify jobs to be done Determine how to group jobs Forming grades of authority Equalize responsibility and authority Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved • Division of labor • Produces different groups of functional responsibilities Specialization Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved • Requirement that each lower level of organization be supervised by a higher level • Rank v. Title Principle of Hierarchy Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved • The number of personnel a supervisor can personally manage effectively • Numerous factors impact the span of management Span of Management Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved • Focuses on two spatial levels of differentiation – Vertical Differentiation v. Horizontal Differentiation Organizational Structure and Design Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved • Clientele • Style of service • Geography • Time • Process Grouping of Personnel Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Geographical Grouping of Personnel Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Top - Down vs. Bottom - Up Approaches Top - Down Bottom - Up vs. Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Flat Organizational Structure Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Types of Organizational Design Matrix Functional Line and Staff Line Structure Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Line Structure Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Line and Staff Structure Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Functional Structure Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Matrix Structure Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Decentralization vs. Centralization Decentralization Centralization vs. Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved • Services decentralized and community -based • Less specialized • Less bureaucratic • Empowers individual officers • Participatory atmosphere • Open/Sensitive to community Community Policing:

Organizational Design Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved • Proactive • Prevention -based • Focus on integrating intelligence throughout the department • Analysts communicate to decision -makers • Decision -makers communicate downward • Relies on good communication to have planned responses – Rather than haphazard reactions Intelligence - Led Policing: Organizational Design Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Unique Features of Sheriff’s Departments • Most sheriff’s departments have a chief deputy/ undersheriff – Typically assumes complete operational control over the entire organization – Sheriff has political responsibilities outside of the agency Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Line and Staff Relationships Line point of view Staff point of view Staff takes credit for successful operations Staff points the finger for failed operations Commanders do not know how to utilize staff Commanders are short - sighted and resist new ideas Staff fail to see the “big picture” Police Administration (8 th Edition) Swanson, Territo, and Taylor © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Informal Organization Naturalness Empathy Interactions Leadership Cohesiveness and unity Democratic Orientation Social Distance Group Pressures