Dataset

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ''' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' Visual Displays of Data Visual Displays of Data Program Transcript MATT JONES: It's often said that a picture is'worth a thousand words. Visual displays'of data can be invaluable. And SPSS'provides'you with a number'of options. To obtain our'visual displays'of data, we first click'on Graphs.

You will see several options'here. But what you will most commonly'be using is' the Chart Builder. Once I click'on this, I get a little warning box'that comes'up.

SPSS is'warning me that my'measurement levels'should be properly'set for'each of the variables .

It is'doing this, because SPSS'make some assumptions'about the proper'use of charts'for'given levels'of measurement for'each variable. So it's important to go to your'Variable View and make sure that your'measured columns'are properly' set. You'll see SP SS provides'you with a number'of options, bar, line, area, pie, scatter, histogram, high S low, box, plot, and dual axis. We're just going to go over' a couple of the most common.

Let's start out with a bar'chart. I can hover'over'Simple Bar, click'it, and d rag it into the Chart Gallery. A'bar'chart would be suitable for'a categorical variable. I would like a bar'chart of the respondent's highest degree level. So I can scroll down my'variables'column until I see that variable.

Here, I can hover'over'it and s ee respondent's highest degree. Notice once I click' on it, right below in the left S hand side, SPSS'provides'me with information on how this'is'measured or'the attributes'of that variable. Once again, I can click'on the variable. And I will drag it over'in the x S axis.

There, you will see the chart gallery'self S populate. I can go ahead and click'OK' for'a simple bar'chart. Scrolling down, you can see on the x S axis, I have respondent's highest degree and on the y S axis, the frequency'of that count. I can see fo r those whose highest degree is'a high school diploma, there are approximately'750 cases'or'respondents'in this'data set.

Next, we will do a line chart. Again, going to the Chart Builder, clicking OK'past my warning, and resetting from'my previous'request . I can click'Line and also, again, over'here. And then drag this'over'to the Gallery'Chart area.

A line chart might be appropriate for'a metric'level variable. I will choose Age of Respondent, and drag that over'to the x S axis. Once again, I can click'OK.

Looking to the left for'our'y S axis, we can see the frequency. Looking at our'x S axis, is'where we see the actual variable or'the attributes'of our'variable, Age of respondent.

1 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' '' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Visual Displays of Data Next, will request a pie chart. Again, going to Graphs, Chart Builder, moving p ast our'warning about levels'of measurement, resetting, requesting pie, clicking on the visual display'of pie and moving it into the gallery. For'a pie chart, the most appropriate variable would be a categorical variable.

So let's choose respondent's high est degree again. I will just simply'drag that over'to the box'Slice By. Click'OK. And here, you see that SPSS'has'provided a color'coded pie chart for'me sliced by'respondent's highest degree.

If I want some additional information for'the specific'figure or'any'in SPSS, I can double click'on the chart. For'this'chart, I'm going to go ahead up to the Menu and click'on Show Data Labels. You can see right away'that SPSS'has'self S populated each slice now with the percentage that make up the sample.

This'prov ides'you with just a little bit more information and can be helpful. If you don't like where your'percentages'are, that is'inside the pie, you can go ahead and move them'outside of the pie by'moving over'to your'Properties'tab, which is' open for'you alread y, looking at Label Position, clicking on Custom. Below custom, you'll see two options. If I hover'over'those, one will say'outside, one will say'inside.

They're already'inside. So let's go ahead and choose outside to see how that looks. I click'Apply, an d then close our'properties. And we can now see that the percentages'have been moved outside of the pie.

The next chart that we'll cover'is'the scatter'plot. Again, going up the Graphs, Chart Builder, moving past our'Warning box, resetting from'our'previo us'request, selecting Scatter. You'll see there are a number'of different options'for'scatter.

And let's use the most commonly'used one, simple scatter, dragging that over' into the Chart Gallery.

Scatter'plots'are often used for'visual depiction of bivari ate analysis'or'bivariate relationships. Let's go ahead and examine visually'a bivariate relationship between respondent's occupational prestige score and the number'of hours'they' worked last week. We'll move respondent's occupational prestige score over't o the x S axis. Go up and select number'of hours'worked last week, and move that over'to the y S axis.

I can click'OK. And I'm provided with a visual display'of this'relationship. So I can also add a third variable, a grouping variable, to my'scatter'plot as' well. So from' my Chart Gallery'if I click'on Groups, Point ID, and then select the Point ID Label, I might want to categorize these by'respondent's gender. If I click'on respondent's sex'and move it over'to the Point Label Variable and click'OK, here you w ill see similar'scatter, but each of the individual points'are labeled either' male or'female.

2 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ''' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Visual Displays of Data The last graph or'chart we'll use is'the histogram, one of the most commonly' used figures'in statistical analysis'and visual displays'of data. Once again, going to Graphs'and Chart Builder, moving past our'warning, and resetting from'our' previous'request. I will select Histogram.

From'the visual displays'here, select Simple Histogram'and drag that into the gallery. Histograms'are appropriate for'metric'level vari ables. So I'm going to choose the age of the respondent. Click'OK. Here on the y S axis, you will once again see the frequency. And on the x S axis, the actual variable along with the values'for'that variable. You might find it useful to rescale your'chart.

A s you will see on the x S axis, increments'appear'in 20. That is'every'20 years'of the respondent. It might be useful for'your'purposes'to rescale to every'10 years' of the respondent. To do this, we can go back'into our'Church Builder, select Element Propert ies'if not already'selected for'you, click'on the X S axis'under' Editing Properties.

Under'the Scale Range for'Major'Increment, unselect the Default, and in the Custom'area, enter'10. Click'Apply. OK'And you now have a new figure, where the x S axis'appears'i n increments'of 10 years'of age.

SPSS provides'you with a number'of different options'for'visually'displaying your' data. We've gone over'just a few of the most commonly'used displays. Now, it's your'turn. I certainly'encourage you to go into SPSS'and play around with the data and the different options'you have. Most important, have fun with it.