Applying the principles of EBPH to Approach a Specific Health Problem or Situation
A LITERATURE REVIEW FOR A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM 7
A LITERATURE REVIEW FOR A TOBACCO USE
Joseph Toole
Institutional affiliation
28 Feb 2017
TOBACCO SMOKE CARCINOGENS AND LUNG CANCER
This article provides a detailed analysis of the smoking tobacco and its history and effects in men from one generation to another.
Smoking tobacco is one of the leading causes of preventable cancer diseases in the world. Tobacco smoking has been dated since long time ago and people have continued smoking from one generation to another. This is because tobacco plant contains a chemical known as nicotine which is addictive and it causes a habit forming desire for continuous smoking. Nicotine is a stimulant that makes the body active thus users feel some false greatness in them (Hecht, 2015).
However, this greatness is temporary and does not last for long unless one smokes tobacco again. Thus, one becomes a regular smoker. Tobacco smoking contains two main types of activities. These include two types of tobacco users, smoking tobacco and smokeless tobacco. First and foremost smoking tobacco contains a lot of smoke and that is why it is called so. Smoking tobacco is the most commonly used and thus it affects both active and passive smokers.
Research indicates the 3200 people in the United States of America have died due to lung cancer caused by the passive smoke of tobacco from their friends and families. This happens most especially in homes where one or two of the members are active smokers. As they smoke in their houses, the smoke is inhaled by the other members say children for example. As the father smokes for a long time in the house the smoke is usually inhaled by the children and thus they are affected as well (Hecht, 2015).
The other type of tobacco is known as smokeless tobacco and this is mostly used by the youth in high schools and colleges. Smokeless tobacco does not contain smoke and result high school students can use it without being noticed. However smoking tobacco regardless of whether they produce a lot of smoke of not will eventually affected the active smokers. In addition to this, tobacco smoke also affects passive smokers like small babies in their mother’s womb. Tobacco has been confirmed to infringe a lot of harmful effects to the unborn baby. The baby could be born with some deformations and abnormalities. At some other point the chemicals contained in tobacco are known to cause high blood pressure which it related to premature birth. There are other similar effects of tobacco smoking in the body which include among the following listed diseases: (Hecht, 2015).
Emphysema
Heart diseases
Pregnancy complications which may led to abnormal born babies and premature birth
Acute bronchitis and lung cancer (Hecht, 2015).
Smokeless tobacco smoking causes lung tooth and decay, gum diseases and also lowers productivity rate in males. This is because there are chemicals which inhibit normal sperm production thus leading to low sperm count and erectile dysfunctions. As a result may people have been affected by addiction of tobacco and tobacco is becoming a major threat and health hazard in the society. Many people are joining smoking of tobacco today and the rate has increased by 15 % in from the previous cancer eradication and control records of statistical result analysis. Each day the report in 2016 indicates that 3200 people who are below 18 years of age do their first smoking and they continue to become longtime addicts. This indicates that more than 2100 young people become daily smokers and this report comes from the United States health analysis records and statistical research. There is dire need to regulate smoking in the society because tobacco brings more harm than good (Hecht, 2015).
IMPROVING THE PUBLIC HEALTH WORKFORCE: EVALUATION OF A TRAINING COURSE TO ENHANCE EVIDENCE‐BASED DECISION MAKING
This article mainly focuses on how to regulate smoking to stop and reduce use of tobacco and to save lives of people from cancer illnesses. The use tobacco threatens the lives of people both in the community as shown above. This includes both active and passive smokers. There is dire need and urgency to control smoking tobacco. To begin with, many people are ignorant to discover the harmful effects caused by tobacco. They like the positive effects. Since the harmful side effects take a long time, they may not realize them. Mass awareness and information programs are the basic foundation to eradicate the illnesses. As a result there ought to be a team of public informants to spread the information about tobacco smoking and its effects in the community. Promising events for such public gatherings include in the wedding feats, funerals, and recreational centers public meetings and vocations meetings. As a result many people are found who can act as very good audiences (Dreisinger, Leet, Baker, Gillespie, Haas & Brownson, 2013).
Mass information also involves educating people in the dangers of smoking. There many sources that can be used apart from delivering public speeches in public events. One of them is by the use of billboard and posters printed with words that address the effects of smoking and the related causes of cancer. The printed cards could be stuck to public places where everybody can read while passing around. Similar small posters could be printed and issued to people to take home and read at their free time.
Secondly, companies that produce cigarettes must be regulated to include a piece of information about the effects to tobacco to people’s health. Creating counseling centers for tobacco addicts could also be a great milestone in the intervention program. The addicts must be trained on how to quit smoking and to reduce addiction. A free cancer treatment program is developed in town and city hospitals. This program should be sponsored by the governments and relevant authorities in each country and also sponsors and well-wishers. The cancer treatment program should take at most three weeks every six months and from there patients must be rechecked and evaluated (Dreisinger, Leet, Baker, Gillespie, Haas & Brownson, 2013).
References
Dreisinger, M., Leet, T. L., Baker, E. A., Gillespie, K. N., Haas, B., & Brownson, R. C. (2013). Improving the Public Health Workforce: Evaluation of a Training Course to Enhance Evidence‐Based Decision Making. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 14(2), 138-143.
Hecht, S. S. (2015). Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer. Journal of the national cancer institute, 91(14), 1194-1210.
Aronson, R. E., Lovelace, K., Smith, M., & Shah, G. H. (2014). Differences in Definitions of EBPH and Evidence: Implications for Communication with Practitioners. Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research, 3(2), 1.
Smith, K. M., & Bobe, F. W. (2015). Light adaptation of bacteriochlorophyll-d producing bacteria by enzymic methylation of their antenna pigments. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, (4), 276-277.
