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Academic Skills Unit Mastering the Debate Academic Skills LEO module : Writing at ACU ACU Study Guide Chapter 14 Session outline  What is a debate?  Format and structure  Supporting evidence  Rebuttal  Critical thinking  Delivery  Online resources A structured argument with two sides arguing for and against a particular contention. What is a debate? • Team based argument on single topic • Work to persuade a judge or audience • Each team presents and sticks to the team line Why debate? Improve speaking skills Develop convincing arguments Work against your natural point of view Enhance self-esteem and academic confidence Future competitive success Format Affirmative team •Presents arguments • Listens and takes notes preparing for rebuttal • Presents rebuttal Negative team •Listens and takes notes preparing for rebuttal • Presents arguments • Presents rebuttal Structure Think essay •Introduction, body and conclusion Each point builds on the last Decide as a team:

•Save the best to last or lead with your strongest? The team line • Main line of argument (affirmative or negative) • All members reaffirm the team line – Take their individual arguments – All build together • Not necessarily word-for-word repeated Sample (simple) structure Affirmative team First speaker define, present team line, outline order, present first point. Second speaker reaffirm team line, rebut previous negative, present next point.

Third speaker reaffirm team line, rebut remaining points, present summary of entire case and round off debate. Negative team First speaker Accept or reject definition, present team line, outline order, rebut 1st positive, present first point. Second speaker reaffirm team line, rebut previous positive, present next point.

Third speaker reaffirm team line, rebut remaining points, present summary of entire case and round off debate. Supporting evidence -types Systematic reviews Randomised controlled trials Uncontrolled studies Observational case studies Expert opinion Supporting evidence –who? Rubric Clues Theories on health care ethics National and international frameworks Professional codes of ethics Professional codes of conduct Cultural, social, legal and spiritual factors Supporting evidence -use Distinguish one point of view from another Cause and effect link Refute opposing argument Substantiate a claim Compare or link to redirect argument What skills are needed? Public speaking Critical thinking Researching Writing Listening Organising Rebuttal • Logic – Why were they wrong? – What evidence do you have? • Choose your battles – Link to what your team has said • Play the ball – Focus on the facts and evidence – Respect Critical thinking • Questioning your own conclusions (reflection anyone?) • Anticipation of opposing points • Formulating counter arguments • Considering multiple (competing) perspectives • Theoretical foundations for ethical perspective Delivery To n e Speed Clarity Language Body language Humour Online resources •https ://www.artsunit.nsw.edu.au/speaking- competitions/debating- and-public - speaking- resources •http://idebate.org/debatabase /