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AUTISM ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 17

Autism Annotated Bibliography

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5 March 2017

Annotated Bibliography

Autism refers to a mental condition that is present for individuals since when they are young, which hinders them from managing to form good relationship with other people and managing to communicate effectively. This aspect is important and appropriate. Individuals with autism are difficult to communicate with. They prefer to carry out their activities alone without the need to communicate with other individuals. This condition has been in existence for a long time. many individuals have faced the condition and thus due to this reason, scholars and other individuals have written many literal materials explaining about the condition and the most appropriate way through which it should be addressed. This paper provides a list of ten literal articles providing information of aspects concerning the topic of autism.

Adams, J. B., Johansen, L. J., Powell, L. D., Quig, D., & Rubin, R. A. (2011). Gastrointestinal flora and gastrointestinal status in children with autism--comparisons to typical children and correlation with autism severity. BMC Gastroenterology, 11(1), 22-22. doi:10.1186/1471-230X-11-22

This source provides information concerning children with autism compared to a number of other children who are considered typical. The authors begin by explaining that individuals who have the problem of autism also suffer from other problems among which include the problems of gastrointestinal pains. They explain that the extent and percentage of the individuals with autism also suffering from the conditions of gastrointestinal varies depending with certain other factors like age and he sample population utilized to establish the study. A common aspect however is the fact that almost all the individuals that involve in these studies reveal that a certain number of individuals who suffer from the condition of autism also face challenges brought about by gastrointestinal.

The authors mainly carryout their study on children. They explain that the combination of a child having both autism and gastrointestinal (GI) problems lads to a severe condition for the child. To begin with, the child does not have the ability to communicate the discomfort brought about by these conditions. Some of these discomforts include abdominal pains, diarrhea and problems with toilet control. This problem increases the challenges that the child faces and the frustration of both that child and the caregivers. In certain cases, the child gives reactions like self-pain infliction among others. In order to attain a clear understanding of this issue, the authors carried out a study that involved the comparison of individuals with both the GI and the autism condition with other typical children. The authors attained an understanding that one of the main difference that cause individuals with autism attain the GI condition is the fact that individuals with autism seem to take oral antibiotics compared to typical children. This article provides a clear comparison of children that have autism and the children that are considered typical. This information is important and significantly relevant for any individual who seeks to understand aspects about the condition of autism.

Barnett, R. (2016). autism. The Lancet, 387(10033), 2082-2082. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30530-X

This article provides a general overview of autism, from the history of its development to the current state that the condition is known to be in the present time. Information provided by the authors of this article is sufficient to provide and individual who is no conversant with the condition or even with its existence a clear understanding of what the condition is, how it was known and discovered to exist and update him or her on the current trends of the condition. The article utilize and provide a clear understanding of the means through which people attain the condition, the effects that the condition has on their lives and the means through which these individuals can help to improve on their lives with his condition.

The authors begin by explaining the history of autism. During the earlier days, individuals did not have sufficient understanding of autism, its causes and effects. Despite this reason however, majority of them still attained the condition, the authors explain that certain well known individuals for their work can be considered individuals who had this conditions by a simple reflection of the lives that they led a good example of such individuals is Isaac Newton. The authors explain that this individual led a significantly lonely life without any friends or well explained relationships with family members.

These symptoms are associated with the autism condition, an aspect that clarifies the explanation that the condition existed a long time ago, even before its treatment procedures and recognition was established. The authors then proceed on to explain the effect that the condition of autism has on the individuals that attain it. They explain that people with the condition are simply not capable of forming any form of good relations with other people, including their family members. Although the condition is common for young children, in some rare cases adults still attain the condition, which in many cases is an advancement from the childhood condition of the same disorder. One of the treatment strategies that the authors to the article suggest is helping the individuals by showing them love and care.

Luyster, R., Gotham, K., Guthrie, W., Coffing, M., Petrak, R., Pierce, K., . . . Lord, C. (2009). The autism diagnostic observation schedule-toddler module: A new module of a standardized diagnostic measure for autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(9), 1305-1320. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0746-z

This source provide information based upon the diagnostic methods that individuals utilize to determine he condition of autism on an individual. The authors begin this article by explaining the aspects of autism and the means through which individuals attain it. They then justify the importance of the article by explaining the impact that autism has on the individuals. This explanation clarifies the importance of stablishing a good method through which individuals can be diagnosed of the condition. Another reason that the authors of the article provide in order to explain this importance is the importance of establishing early treatment of the condition before the individuals begin experiencing crucial symptom of the condition. This aspect is significantly important and appropriate reason why it is important for people to obtain a much better method through which they can improve diagnoses.

The next section of the article provides an explanation of the means through which individuals are currently diagnosed. The authors of the article explain that the method that people currently use is The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). They explain the importance of this method and the means through which they can improve it completely. They explain the advantages of using this method but then also point out its main limitation, which is its lack of ability to diagnoses individuals that are extremely young. He method cannot be used to diagnoses children that are months old. The authors also explain the importance of establishing a method through which all individuals despite their age can be diagnosed. Their main content and purpose of the study is formulating a modification of the ADOS method of diagnosis to obtain a much better and easier way through which individuals of all ages can be diagnosed of the condition of autism and treatment processes established when they are found positive of the condition.

Vigo, L. (2012). The Impact of Autism on Families: Seattle Children. Retrieved from http://theautismblog.seattlechildrens.org/the-impact-of-autism-on-families/

Autism is a condition that many individuals has when they are young. In most cases therefore, their parents are forced to take significant and great care to their children, with a description of the means through which they can handle their children with the condition better. This article assess the effects and affect that parents experience for having children who are diagnosed with the condition of autism. The authors begin explaining the behavior of the children with this condition, for the readers to understand better the condition that the parents are exposed to.

The authors begin the article by explaining that children with the condition of autism do not in any way like any form of relationship with other people. For normal children for example, parents feel the warmth of relating well with them. The children develop interest of being together with the parents and being close to them all the time. This aspect makes the parents feel good concerning their children and they manage to establishing a close and bonding relationship with them. For the case of the children with autism however, they do not in any way want any form of relationship with the parents or any other individuals. Majority of the children are more interested with toys and other physical aspects than they are interested with the parents and friends. This aspect has a significant impact on the parents. To begin with, they are not happy with this aspect. They are unable to reach their children and thus they attain the feeling of having lost them. These conditions and feeling causes significant stress among other negative psychological conditions to the parents, to an extent where some parent’s conditions end up requiring medical attention. This article hen provide the parents with tips, which they should utilize in order to avoid being significantly affected negatively because of having children with autism.

Charman, T. (2007). Autism and Its Impact on Child Development: Encyclopedia of Child Development. Retrieved from http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/sites/default/files/textes-experts/en/572/autism-and-its-impact-on-child-development.pdf

As many other sources explain, majority of the individuals provide a clear explanation that autism mainly affects children. There are however adults who are still affected by autism in their adult life, but in most cases they obtain the condition when they are still young and under the age of ten years. This article provides information concerning the impact that the condition of autism has on the development of the children who obtain it. In order to clearly understand the context of the individuals who face this condition, the authors begin by providing a clear explanation of the means through which children who attain this condition are effected. The authors obtain a clear understanding of the impact by comparing children who do not have the condition and the children that are diagnosed with the condition. They utilize the study of a number of subjects to avoid relying on the data of a single individual.

After providing an explanation of the difference that exist between the children that have autism and those that do not, the authors then begin explaining the impact that having this condition impacts the development of children. The authors explain that one of the main ways through which children manage to develop effectively and in a healthy manner is when they have good caregivers who show them love and care. They also guide them in order to help them attain cognitive and mental development, as well as good physical development. In order to attain a much better understanding of the issue, the authors use an example of a child who has the condition and attempt to provide thee approach that the caregiver can utilize in order to ensure that the child attains good development environment. Common strategies that care givers utilize is playing with the children and talking to them, an aspect that helps the children identify care being given and friendliness even through they may not understand the talk of the caregiver. For a child with the condition however, h or she is not interested with these aspects and thus for that reason, it is difficult to establish good development. This condition therefore makes the child lack the ability to develop effectively, and effect that affects the individuals even after they attain the adult age.

Fombonne, E. (2012). Epidemiology of Autism: Encyclopedia of Child Development. Retrieved from http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/sites/default/files/textes-experts/en/572/epidemiology-of-autism.pdf

This article has the approach of autism from a physician’s point of view. It provides the explanation of establishing an understanding of the condition for the physicians, understanding its prevalence and impact to a patient’s life and then the most effective way to diagnose and treat a patient. The authors to the article begin by the explanation of the rate to which individuals attain this condition. This part of the study is aimed at alerting the care givers on the significance of this issue and understanding the information concerning thee diagnoses and treatment of this condition, which the article provides. After providing statistics of the extent to which this condition is affecting individuals, authors then begin explain the procedures and strategies through which individuals should utilize to diagnose the condition.

The authors then begin that one of the main challenges that causes the diagnosis of this condition difficult is the fact that it is a behavioral disorder. The behavior of an individual and the impact that behavior has on that individual is a varying factor depending on people. Even when people are normal with no form of a disorder of any kind, thy do not behave the same. This aspect thus makes it difficult for a physician to determine whether an individual is behaving in a particular manner because he or she has a disorder, or simply, that manner seems appropriate according to him or her. The article then provides an appropriate way through which the individuals should diagnose the individuals and the most appropriate treatment procedures that should be implemented on the individuals.

Autism, (2017). All About Autism: Autism. Retrieved from https://www.autismspeaks.org/sites/default/files/docs/about_autism_0.pdf

This article provides general and thorough information about autism. The authors begin by explaining the term autism and what is completely means when an individual is diagnosed with this condition. This article therefore provides information concerning the condition, the process through which individuals are diagnosed, the causes of the condition and the means through which people can formulate strategies that will help them improve. The work is guided by certain questions after which the authors provide sufficient answers, which will help the individuals willing to obtain that information attain a clear understanding.

The first question that guides the information provided by this source is the question, “Why Was My Child Diagnosed with Autism? And What Does It Mean?” For this question, the authors begin by explaining what autism is and the major possible reasons why a child could be diagnosed with the condition. The diagnoses process of majority of the physicians involve the observation of the behavior of the child in question and the means through which these children relate with other individuals. The author to the article thus explains that the abnormal behavior of the child is the most possible reason why the child was diagnosed with the condition. This means that the child has a condition that needs to be addressed through treatment procedures. The authors also explain that the individuals can manage to provide a clear analysis of the diagnosis of autism and the means through which the condition can be diagnosed effectively.

NHS, (2017) Treating autism spectrum disorder: NHS. Retrieved from http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Autistic-spectrum-disorder/Pages/Treatment.aspx

The treatment of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a major issue of concern that majority of the individuals have. To begin with, physicians do not have a general strategy of treatment that works for all patients. The authors to this article explain that the lack of such a treatment procedure is because autism, unlike many other diseases is a condition that affects the behavior of an individual. Different people have different behaviors and thus the condition of autism affects them differently. The authors explain that this is the main reason why physicians are not able to provide a strategy that treats all cases of autism effectively. The first main problem and aspect of concern that physicians consider while formulating treatment strategies is their effectiveness on the majority of autism cases. The authors explain that the most appropriate and more efficient treatment strategy is the treatment that helps in treating the most cases. They explain that these strategies are simply established and known as intervention strategies. These strategies should be organized and aimed at helping the children improve on the aspects of communication skills, interacting with others socially, academic skills and the imaginative play skills.

Singh, K., Connors, S. L., Macklin, E. A., Smith, K. D., Fahey, J. W., Talalay, P., & Zimmerman, A. W. (2014). Sulforaphane treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(43), 15550-15555. doi:10.1073/pnas.1416940111

This article aims to determine an autism treatment method that is the most effective in treating individuals compared to other methods that are also utilized for treatment of the same condition. As explained, the condition like autism are behavior based and thus there are no general treatment solutions that are effective and capable of treating all conditions associated with autism. The authors explain that due to this reason, the physicians that involve in the activity of treating this condition should be conversant with a number of treatment procedures which they should utilize with their patients. A patient that is conversant with only a single method of treatment would be ineffective because apart from the individuals who would attain health after being taken through the process of treatment with such a method, physicians would not in any way heal those individuals who would not respond to the method. Having a number of treatment methods through which a physician can address the condition is therefore appropriate.

The author’s article is however based on determining the most effective method through which the physicians should prioritize upon when treating people about autism. This aspect is important because with a much better method, the physicians can save time for trials and simply utilize the method that will help in enabling the individuals recover fast and effectively. The article creates a trial utilizing certain individuals who have the disorder and different methods. The treatment method of sulforaphane is determined to be the most efficient method of treatment for this condition.

Lemonnier, E., Degrez, C., Phelep, M., Tyzio, R., Josse, F., Grandgeorge, M., . . . Ben-Ari, Y. (2012). A randomised controlled trial of bumetanide in the treatment of autism in children. Translational Psychiatry, 2, e202. doi:10.1038/tp.2012.124

As explained earlier, the treatment of autism has many methods through which physician manage to help individuals suffering from the condition. Some methods are however more effective and efficient than others. It is important for an individual to manage implementing the most effective method in the treatment in order to enhance effectiveness of the treatment methods. In order to determine the effectiveness of thee method however, trials and research studies are necessary. This article provides a research study, which is aimed at determining the effectiveness of the method that utilizes bumetanide in its treatment of the disorder. The authors utilize a large number of individuals in order to manage attaining a clear understanding and determination of the method’s effectiveness.

References

Autism, (2017). All About Autism: Autism. Retrieved from https://www.autismspeaks.org/sites/default/files/docs/about_autism_0.pdf

Barnett, R. (2016). autism. The Lancet, 387(10033), 2082-2082. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30530-X

Charman, T. (2007). Autism and Its Impact on Child Development: Encyclopedia of Child Development. Retrieved from http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/sites/default/files/textes-experts/en/572/autism-and-its-impact-on-child-development.pdf

Fombonne, E. (2012). Epidemiology of Autism: Encyclopedia of Child Development. Retrieved from http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/sites/default/files/textes-experts/en/572/epidemiology-of-autism.pdf

NHS, (2017) Treating autism spectrum disorder: NHS. Retrieved from http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Autistic-spectrum-disorder/Pages/Treatment.aspx

Vigo, L. (2012). The Impact of Autism on Families: Seattle Children. Retrieved from http://theautismblog.seattlechildrens.org/the-impact-of-autism-on-families/