ASSIGNMENT

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Table of Contents

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………...1

Lighting Studies…………………………………………..……………………………………….……2

Analysis of Lighting Distribution.……………….…………………….………………………..4

The Problem…………………………………………….………………….……………………………5

Calculations………………………………………………….…………………………………………..5

Suggested Design/ Alternative Solution………………………………………………….....6

Applying LED Light…………………………………………………………………………………..10

Costs……….……………………………………………………………………………………………...11

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………13

References

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Introduction

Lighting is an important factor in every building these days. Since the invention of light in 1931 by Thomas A. Edison, lighting has been used in every building or shelter as a replacement of candles. Many studies have been done on verity of buildings and standers were set depending on the type of building used for. These standards are made to provide the best comfort, functions, and energy consumption to occupants. For example, we would use less lighting in socializing places like restaurant and coffee shops, than in reading places like classrooms and libraries. In addition, lighting can play a roll in heat gain or loss of a building. Therefore, correct lighting distribution can be beneficial for any building or working space.

The research examine the changing learning environment, focusing on how technology used to instruct students to the best quality of learning. Specifically, recessed accommodate the increased use of individual presentations, computers and blackboards that are used to create high performance classroom. Approaching a better solution for lighting distribution to meet the needs of the teaching methodologies, and reducing energy consumption. Therefore, in this project the aim is to provide a better system approach lighting layout design, products and low maintenance support which would yield sufficient benefits to the classroom and students. By providing an energy efficient solution for a

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classroom lighting system it will address the issue of high performance economical classroom and could be installed in every classroom.

Our focus of this project is to study the lighting of an existing classroom within XX University Complex and suggest an alternative design to improve the lighting and reduce costs in terms of energy consumption.

Lighting studies

Classroom

As part of our project is to choose a classroom within XX University complex, we decided to choose class H-‐520. This class is located in Hull Building at the center of the 5th floor. In addition, the class dimensions are 8 x 14 m and 3.5 m high. The class has four walls and no windows on any side, which prevent sun light from entering the classroom. Also, the class include one window, 2 dashboard, one counter table for presentation, 6 rows of tables for students and it can hold up to 110 occupants. There are 36 lights of Fluorescent lamp (F34CW/SS/ECO) where used. The distribution of the lamps as follow; 4 rows and 9 columns, distributed evenly along the ceiling. Each box of light contain two Fluorescent lamp, which adds up to 72 lamp where used in total.

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Data and Results

After having a close look at the distribution of the lighting and their affect on the class, we expected the lighting are good, stable and suitable for a classroom. It should comply with the standards and provide best environment for students. To get better understanding of the lighting, we applied Cavity method and assumed the following Lumen values of different points in the classroom.

Horizontal

Vertical:

Illuminanace Result of 85 lx

From the assumed result it indicate that the classroom is not balanced enough in terms of light distribution. Which could affect the concentration of both student and teacher. From this data our goal is to provide a better lighting system and consider cost and energy consumption as the main issues of the classroom. Since the class has no windows, it will have no effects on the rotational or elevation of the sun.

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Analysis of Lighting Distribution

The distribution of light in the classroom as follows:

Figure 1.

The distribution of tables and dashboard as follows:

Figure 2.

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The Problem

The main issue with the lighting of the class is the type of light used in

class (Fluorescent lamp). Even though, it fit the standards of a typical

classroom, they still relatively cost a lot in terms of energy consumption

and maintenance. The Fluorescent lamps are known with their high-‐

energy consumption compare to other lights. In addition, they have short

lifespan and constant maintenance is required. For example, if we used

Fluorescent lamp for 12 hours everyday and for 365 days, it has to be

changed after approximately 3 years. It has a maximum lifespan of 12000

hours.

Calculations

We used the following formula to find the number of luminaries required

for our classroom:

N (luminaries) = (E * A)/ (CU * ( # of lamps * flux) * LLF)

-‐Where E; assumed to be 75fc, which is equal to 807 lux

-‐ Luminas Flux for Fluorescent light is = 2650 lm for each lamp -‐ Luminas Flux for LED (Tetra AL10)= 1840 lm for each lamp -‐ LLF assumed to be = 0.68 (Fluorescent)

-‐ LLF assumed to be = 0.8 (LED)

-‐ CU (coefficient of Utilization) assumed to be = 0.73 -‐ Area, A= 112 m^2

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Therefore,

For Fluorescent light

N= (807 * 112)/ (0.73 * 2* 2650* 0.68) = 36 Luminaries For LED (Tetra AL10)

N=(807 * 112)/ (0.73 * 2* 1840* 0.63) = 42 luminaries

To insure good lighting we will be using 45 luminaries instead of 42 luminaries

Suggested Design / alternative solution

After searching different types of lights and looked closely on the characteristics, we came up with the following alternative design. Replacing the Fluorescent lamp by LED light will reduce the cost of energy consumption significantly. As a result, by using LED light we will obtain the same standards of a typical lighting in a classroom. In addition, the quality of brightness and clarity will be improved. Even though, LED light emit lower Lumen value and consumes less power, it can still provide an energy efficient classroom with suitable and stable standards.

LED ( Tetra AL10 )

There are many different types of LED lights can be used to fit the standards of a classroom lighting. However, we decided to choose LED (Tetra AL10) light for several reasons. The Tetra AL10 light produces brilliant white light, which meets the standards of ‘ Lighting Designer slight Design’(1). Features of LED Tetra AL10 includes: high colour rendering 93CRI, multiple ANSI bin colour

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temperatures, high light level up to (700 lm/m), low voltage system, dimple and contain no lead, mercury or glass.

It is a less cost solution to install Tetra AL10 [Display case LED light-‐CCT 3500 LB24/35], this system has a usage of 17.3 watt producing 1500 lumens emitting a luminous flux of 1840.Moreover, light is evenly distributed throw out the classroom providing a 50,000 hour life time and ongoing performance, with low energy consumption and a significant maintenance cost reduction.

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Information on LED Lights

Table 1.

Table 2.

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Table 3.

Table 4.

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Table 5.

Applying LED lights

To apply the LED (Tetra AL10) to our classroom, we have to use about 45 luminaries/ lamps distributed along the classroom. Since the number of lamps increased, it will be more convenient to light up every space in the classroom. In addition the class will be brighter, which can help students to concentrate and write clearly either in dashboard or tables.

New Lighting Distribution

Since we will be using 45 lamps, we came up with the following distribution of lighting, which is convenient and suitable for our classroom. There will be 5 rows and 9 columns (as shown in graph 2)

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Figure 3.

Costs

Energy bills are incredibly high; people are always looking for alternative and going green for buildings and rooms with access to sunlight, which is a convincing solution. However in our case the classroom is located at the center of the Hull building with no access to any outside light source. Therefore, looking at our situation we aimed at developing the lighting system into more efficient and economical system with a usage of 17.3 watts. According to the utilities cost consumption in Montréal, Quebec(2) it cost 10.575 cent/Kwh. The amount of energy used for an average of 12 hours a

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day, if using 17.3 watts will cost 59.61 $/month. However, we found that the total price of the existing lighting system cost 93.19 $/per month. The present light system consume (29.376 kwh per day), reducing the amount of energy to 17.3w will save us about 33.58 $/month and a saving 882W/day for a single classroom.

After searching in both types of light that can be used in our classroom, we illustrated the information in the following table:

As a result, if we replaced the Fluorescent Light by LED light, we will save about $33.58 per month. If we expand this example more and we consider that the hull building have 100 classrooms of the same space and lighting system. We can change it all to LED lights and it will save about $3358per month. In addition, the LED lights are very easy to maintain. They can last for 50,000 hours and change once every 10-‐12 years.

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Conclusion

Final report summarizes the research findings, and provides tools necessary to present the importance and applicability of high performance classroom lighting design. The report reviews the needs of today’s learning environment and evaluates the lighting technology approached to meet those needs. Presented in the report are facts and figures. That has impact on the learning environment, drastically reduces energy consumption.

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References

-‐ (1)GE Lighting. ‘’ Tetrea AL10 LED Lighting system’ Last Modify 2013.

http://www.gelighting.com/LightingWeb/na/solutions/tetra-‐al10.jsp

-‐ (2) Hydro Quebec, "Electricity-Utility Rate Comparisons." Last modified april 9,

2013. Accessed April 10, 2014.

https://www.hydro.mb.ca/regulatory_affairs/energy_rates/electricity/utility_rate_c omp.shtml

-‐ General Electric, "Efficiency, pure and simple." Last modified october 2011. Accessed April 10, 2014. http://www.gelighting.com/LightingWeb/br_en/images/LED_Lighting_Solution_ Catalogue_EN_tcm386-12746.pdf.

-‐ http://www.omslighting.com/rightlight/1771/

-‐ http://clc.its.psu.edu/sites/default/files/content-‐classrooms/GPC-‐

Requirements-‐041713.pdf

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