Technical paper ( Sapphire Materials )

Outline

Title: Sapphire Materials

Abstract: Sapphire materials are materials and components that are made up of monocrystalline forms of aluminum oxide. They are usually hard and have superior optical and mechanical properties.

1. Introduction

1. The development of sapphire crystals follows a process that was introduced by a French chemist, Auguste Verneuil. He deposited alumina powder into a hydroxen flame, creating the synthetic material that was similar to the natural gemstone.

1. Materials

1. The sapphire crystals can be doped with several elements that enhance their appearance and properties.

1. Chromium and titanium dopants

1. They produce a reddish ruby material

1. Titanium-doped alumina and titanium-doped sapphire

1. They produce a blue colored material when they are heated.

1. Material properties

1. Sapphire has with superior mechanical properties, has superior light transmission ability and is a stable component.

2. It is hard.

3. It has high thermal conductivity and is transparent in appearance.

1. Processing

1. The sapphire crystals can be manufactured through the melting and deposition processes. Alumina powder is deposited into a hydroxen flame, forming a sapphire-like material.

1. Applications

1. Sapphire materials can be used in electronic, optical and photonic applications.

2. Other applications include; jewelry, valve balls, bearing balls and in wear parts.

3. Sapphire is also useful in optical windows due to its transparency and optical characteristic.

1. References

1. MolTech GmbH Molecular Technology - Sapphire

2. Saint-Gobain Crystals - Sapphire Components

3. Dobrovinskaya, Elena R., Leonid A. Lytvynov, and Valerian Pishchik.Sapphire: material, manufacturing, applications. Springer Science & Business