PICOT STATEMENT AND LITERATURE RESEARCH
Running head: PICOT 0
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT AND LITERATURE 1
The shortened version of the actual paper title [in all capital letters] should be no more than 50 characters (including spaces and the term Running head:) and there should be a page number at the right hand side, all in Times New Roman, 12-point font .
PICOT STATEMENT AND LITERATURE SEARCH
Student’s Name: Idalmis Espinosa
Institutional Affiliation: Grand Canyon University
Date: 04/23/17
PICOT Statement and Literature Search
Idalmis Espinosa
Grand Canyon University: NRS 433V
April 23, 2017
EBS PROCESS
PICOT Statement and Literature Search
Nursing Problem/Issue Summary
The nurses ought to In the pediatric setting, the nurse should measure the blood pressure of the patients depending on the evidence-based process to ensur e accuracy. Accurate measurements are a crucial factor in the effective treatment of diabetes, pediatric and dialysis. The method used to measure the blood pressure in children is different from that employed in adults. In children, the process includes an auscultatory strategy that compares the results with those in the oscillometric tool.
PICOT STATEMENT
P – Population: Children about 8 to 15 years with a clinical diagnosis of diabetes, pediatric and dialysis.
I – Intervention: The subjects will be randomized to have management in different time frames of 2, 4, 6 and eight weeks.
C – Comparison: A standardized subject would be used as a control to make active comparisons. This strategy will help us to minimize effects related to not attending the clinic .
O – Outcome: Changes in the blood pressure and blood sugar level.
T – Time: The outcome would be assessed weekly for eight weeks.
This is how a PICOT question should be stated:
For adult male surgical patients, ages 40-70 with multiple co-morbidities (P), will the use of a preoperative Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) protocol that includes medication and application of either a Sequential Compression Device (SCD) or TED hose (I), compared to patients who are treated with SCD or TED hose only (C), reduce the risk of the development of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) (O) in the postoperative recovery ICU phase over a 6 month period (T).
References
Chavers, B. M., Li, S., Collins, A. J., & Herzog, C. A. (2002). Cardiovascular disease in pediatric chronic dialysis patients. Kidney international.
According to Chavers and the rest, there is little information regarding the mortality rate of the children with diabetes and renal diseases. The study evaluated the mortality rate in children suffering from pediatric chronic dialysis. Children of ages ranging from 2 to 17 years were identified from the data system of the United States Renal Data system. A sum of 1500 children was eligible for the enclosure. 31 percent of the kids developed cardiac related diseases, while the rest developed other conditions that are related to either diabetes or pediatric dialysis. The study concluded that cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of child mortality and morbidity in pediatric chronic dialysis.
Background. Little information is available regarding cardiac morbidity and mortality in children with end-stage renal disease. We sought to determine the incidence of cardiac morbidity and mortality in pediatric chronic dialysis patients. Methods. Medicare incident pediatric (0 to 19 years) dialysis patients from 1991 to 1996 were identified from the United States Renal Data System. Study endpoints included development of arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, or cardiac arrest, all causes of death, and cardiac-related death. Statistical analyses were performed using the Poisson regression model and chi-square test. Results. A total of 1454 children were eligible for inclusion, 452 (31.1%) of whom developed a cardiac-related event. Arrhythmia was the most common event (19.6%) compared with valvular disease (11.7%), cardiomyopathy (9.6%), and cardiac arrest (3%). Arrhythmia and valvular heart disease incidence were increased in 15- to 19-year-olds (P < 0.0001 for both), females (P = 0.004, P = 0.03) and blacks (P = 0.0001, P = 0.002). Cardiomyopathy incidence was increased in blacks (P = 0.001) and tended to be increased in females (P = 0.053). The adjusted annual cardiomyopathy rate during the first 3 years increased between 1991 and 1996 (P = 0.003). Death occurred in 107 patients, and 41 (38%) were cardiac deaths. Conclusions. Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric chronic dialysis patients. Cardiomyopathy incidence is increasing. Black, female, and adolescent children have increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
Brenner, B. M., Cooper, M. E., & Shahinfar, S. (2001). Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. New England Journal of Medicine.
Brenner et al. contend that nephropathy is the leading source of renal disease. The researchers evaluated the function of the receptor antagonist in the type 2 diabetes patients and nephropathy. A sum of 1500 patients was randomly selected for assessment over the period of 3 years. The receptor antagonist indicated substantial benefits to the renal in the type 2 diabetes patients and nephropathy. The researchers, therefore, concluded that nephropathy could cause renal diseases that could lead to type two diabetes.
Holloway, M., Mujais, S., Kandert, M., & Warady, B. A. (2001). Pediatric Peritoneal dialysis training: characteristics and impact on peritonitis rates. Peritoneal Dialysis International.
The study was steered to regulate the effects of the training program on the peritonitis rates pediatric patients. The survey was done in 170 centers. About 600 children between the ages of 2 to 15 received the peritoneal dialysis in different centers. The results of the study indicated that the trained patients had improved conditions. As such, the researchers concluded that peritoneal dialysis training is crucial in increasing the rate of peritonitis in pediatric chronic dialysis patients.
Schröder, C. H., & European Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Working Group. (2003). the management of anemia in pediatric peritoneal dialysis patients. Pediatric nephrology.
Anemia is regular in constant renal disappointment. Rules for the finding and treatment of frailty in grown-up patients are accessible. The study involved the analysis of information from various journals regarding children suffering from anemia. The results should indicate that these children are at high risk of contracting diabetes, and pediatric dialysis. The researchers, therefore, recommended that the children should be given proper nutrition that protects them against anemia.
Schaefer, F., Klaus, G., Muller-Wiefel, D. E., & Mehls, O. (2009). The current practice of peritoneal dialysis in children: results of a longitudinal survey. Mid-European Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group (MEPPS). Peritoneal dialysis international,
There has been accruing epidemiological information concerning the exercise of peritoneal dialysis in kids. The researchers contend that over 200 children have been assessed since 1993. The treatment of the modalities have been regulated since 1994, the automated processes of handling the pediatric dialysis have emerged. Method endurance was 95% at three years, however, reduced to70% next five years of action, the principle explanations behind management disappointment being repetitive peritonitis, ultrafiltration disappointment, or mutually. All in all, peritoneal dialysis in youngsters, ideally executed as APD, accomplishes system survival rates like those detailed for grown-ups. Youthful children are at expanded hazard for peritonitis. The current observational PD remedy is of restricted adequacy as far as little solute and liquid evacuation.
Boehm, M., Vécsei, A., Aufricht, C., Mueller, T., Csaicsich, D., & Arbeiter, K. (2005). Risk factors for peritonitis in pediatric peritoneal dialysis: a single-center study. Pediatric Nephrology
Late US registry information and a European multicenter concentrate depicted expanded danger of diabetes in young kids on pediatric dialysis. No primary age-particular hazard variables could be characterized in these accounts. Subsequently, the researchers broke down risk components for the disease in kids regarded by PD as necessary renal substitution treatment especially looked for age-particular perspectives. Our review distinguished six risk calculates univariate investigation, specifically age. Multivariate examination identified leave site contamination and leftover pee volume as robust autonomous indicators. In outline, our review distinguished a few age-ward and age-free hazard components for the disease.
You do Not need a separate Reference page.
References
Boehm, M., Vécsei, A., Aufricht, C., Mueller, T., Csaicsich, D., & Arbeiter, K. (2005). Risk factors for peritonitis in pediatric peritoneal dialysis: a single-center study. Pediatric Nephrology, 20(10), 1478-1483.
Brenner, B. M., Cooper, M. E., de Zeeuw, D., Keane, W. F., Mitch, W. E., Chavers, B. M., Li, S., Collins, A. J., & Herzog, C. A. (2002). Cardiovascular disease in pediatric chronic dialysis patients. Kidney international.
Parving, H. H., ... & Shahinfar, S. (2001). Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. New England Journal of Medicine.
Holloway, M., Mujais, S., Kandert, M., & Warady, B. A. (2001). Pediatric peritoneal dialysis training: characteristics and impact on peritonitis rates. Peritoneal Dialysis International.
Schaefer, F., Klaus, G., Muller-Wiefel, D. E., & Mehls, O. (1999). Current practice of peritoneal dialysis in children: results of a longitudinal survey. Mid European Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group (MEPPS). Peritoneal dialysis international, 19(Suppl 2), S445-S449.
Schröder, C. H., & European Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Working Group. (2003). The management of anemia in paediatric peritoneal dialysis patients. Pediatric nephrology.
